{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T18:46:22Z","timestamp":1760985982498,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-02517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-02517"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a lack of studies of Huntington\u2019s disease (HD) in immigrants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To study the association between country of birth and incident HD in first-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals and in second-generation immigrants versus Swedish-born individuals with Swedish-born parents.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Study populations included all adults aged 18 years and older in Sweden, i.e., in the first-generation study 6,042,891 individuals with 1034 HD cases and in the second-generation study 4,860,469 individuals with 1001 cases. HD was defined as having at least one registered diagnosis of HD in the National Patient Register. The incidence of HD in different first-generation immigrant groups versus Swedish-born individuals was assessed by Cox regression, expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The models were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, geographical residence in Sweden, educational level, marital status, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were for all Swedish-born 0.82 and for all foreign born 0.53 and for all men 0.73 and for all women 0.81, with the highest incidence rates for the group 80\u201384 years of age. After adjusting for potential confounders, the HRs were lower in women in the first- and second-generation, i.e., 0.49 (95% CI 0.36\u20130.67) and 0.63 (95% 0.45\u20130.87), respectively, and also among women from Finland or with parents from Finland.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In general, the risk of HD was lower in first-generation and second-generation immigrant women but not among male immigrants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1612011769000},"page":"3851-3856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Huntington\u2019s disease among immigrant groups and Swedish-born individuals: a cohort study of all adults 18 years of age and older in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"W\u00e4ndell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sten","family":"Fredrikson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Axel C.","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"5085_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381328-2.00013-4","volume":"98","author":"MJ Novak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Novak MJ, Tabrizi SJ (2011) Huntington\u2019s disease: clinical presentation and treatment. Int Rev Neurobiol 98:297\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-381328-2.00013-4","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"5085_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(1993) A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington\u2019s disease chromosomes. The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group. Cell 72(6):971\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-e","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90585-e"},{"issue":"4","key":"5085_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.24","volume":"10","author":"CA Ross","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ross CA, Aylward EH, Wild EJ, Langbehn DR, Long JD, Warner JH, Scahill RI, Leavitt BR, Stout JC, Paulsen JS, Reilmann R, Unschuld PG, Wexler A, Margolis RL, Tabrizi SJ (2014) Huntington disease: natural history, biomarkers and prospects for therapeutics. Nat Rev Neurol 10(4):204\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.24","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5085_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000443738","volume":"46","author":"MD Rawlins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rawlins MD, Wexler NS, Wexler AR, Tabrizi SJ, Douglas I, Evans SJ, Smeeth L (2016) The prevalence of Huntington\u2019s disease. Neuroepidemiology 46(2):144\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000443738","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5085_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25075","volume":"27","author":"T Pringsheim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pringsheim T, Wiltshire K, Day L, Dykeman J, Steeves T, Jette N (2012) The incidence and prevalence of Huntington\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 27(9):1083\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25075","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"5085_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304636","volume":"84","author":"SJ Evans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Evans SJ, Douglas I, Rawlins MD, Wexler NS, Tabrizi SJ, Smeeth L (2013) Prevalence of adult Huntington\u2019s disease in the UK based on diagnoses recorded in general practice records. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84(10):1156\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304636","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"5085_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25717","volume":"29","author":"ER Fisher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fisher ER, Hayden MR (2014) Multisource ascertainment of Huntington disease in Canada: prevalence and population at risk. Mov Disord 29(1):105\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25717","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"5085_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009070","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009070","volume":"6","author":"NS Wexler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wexler NS, Collett L, Wexler AR, Rawlins MD, Tabrizi SJ, Douglas I, Smeeth L, Evans SJ (2016) Incidence of adult Huntington's disease in the UK: a UK-based primary care study and a systematic review. BMJ Open 6(2):e009070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009070","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"5085_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12762","volume":"136","author":"AK Roos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roos AK, Wiklund L, Laurell K (2017) Discrepancy in prevalence of Huntington\u2019s disease in two Swedish regions. Acta Neurol Scand 136(5):511\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ane.12762","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"5085_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.10.025","volume":"21","author":"JO Sipila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sipila JO, Hietala M, Siitonen A, Paivarinta M, Majamaa K (2015) Epidemiology of Huntington\u2019s disease in Finland. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 21(1):46\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.10.025","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"5085_CR11","first-page":"16","volume":"9","author":"EM Scrimgeour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scrimgeour EM (2009) Huntington disease (chorea) in the middle East. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 9(1):16\u201323","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5085_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12641","volume":"89","author":"RM Castilhos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castilhos RM, Augustin MC, Santos JA, Perandones C, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Jardim LB, Rede N (2016) Genetic aspects of Huntington\u2019s disease in Latin America. A systematic review. Clin Genet 89(3):295\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cge.12641","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"issue":"9750","key":"5085_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60974-9","volume":"376","author":"M Rawlins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rawlins M (2010) Huntington's disease out of the closet? Lancet 376(9750):1372\u20131373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60974-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"5085_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000110380","volume":"13","author":"MR Kandil","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kandil MR, Tohamy SA, Fattah MA, Ahmed HN, Farwiez HM (1994) Prevalence of chorea, dystonia and athetosis in Assiut, Egypt: a clinical and epidemiological study. Neuroepidemiology 13(5):202\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000110380","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5085_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb136828.x","volume":"153","author":"SA Pridmore","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pridmore SA (1990) The prevalence of Huntington\u2019s disease in Tasmania. Med J Aust 153(3):133\u2013134","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"5085_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","volume":"31","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AK, Ljung R, Michaelsson K, Neovius M, Stephansson O, Ye W (2016) Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol 31(2):125\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5085_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","volume":"11","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, Heurgren M, Olausson PO (2011) External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health 11:450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T18:40:39Z","timestamp":1630694439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05085-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1590-1874"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1590-3478"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was not applicable, as the study was based on anonymized data from registers. Research data are not shared. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Lund (ref nr 2012\/795).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}