{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:55:05Z","timestamp":1775638505976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective\n<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To validate the Italian version of the Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MGII is a recent promising measure developed for MG patient evaluation. It includes a clinical severity evaluation and a patient-reported questionnaire. It has been developed in English and has demonstrated feasibility, reliability, and construct validity. Recently, its Dutch translation has been validated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MGII was translated to Italian with a multi-step forward process. We assessed correlations with the following scores: Istituto Nazionale Carlo Besta score for Myasthenia Gravis (INCB-MG), the MG Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), the Myasthenia Gravis Composite (MGC), the Quality of Life 15 for Myasthenia Gravis (QOL15-MG), and the Myasthenia Gravis Disability (MGDIS). We also assessed differences in MGII scores by disease severity with the ANOVA Kruskal\u2013Wallis test.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One hundred forty-one patients were enrolled. The mean MGII total score was 13.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9 (range 0\u201349), with a mean ocular subscore of 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7 and a mean MGII generalized subscore of 9.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.0. As expected, the MGII had a good correlation with the other severity scores. The MGII had a lower floor effect (3.5%) than the other measures. Twenty-five patients were assessed in follow-up; as expected, the MGII change scores had moderate correlations with change in other MG severity measures and lower correlations with quality of life measures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The MGII score was cross-culturally validated in an Italian cohort of MG patients. We confirmed its lower floor effect and the correlations with other MG measures including INCB-MG that was not evaluated in previous studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T16:04:40Z","timestamp":1631203480000},"page":"2059-2064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Validation of the Italian version of the Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pasqualin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia Vittoria","family":"Guidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Albertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Ermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7204-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico Marco","family":"Bonifati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"5585_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24911","volume":"53","author":"C Antozzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antozzi C, Brenna G, Baggi F, Camera G, Maggi L, Rezzani C et al (2016) Validation of the besta neurological institute rating scale for myasthenia gravis: MG Rating Scale. Muscle Nerve 53:32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24911","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.006","volume":"36","author":"C Barnett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barnett C, Herbelin L, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ (2018) Measuring clinical treatment response in myasthenia gravis. Neurol Clin 36:339\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.006","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"5585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002971","volume":"87","author":"C Barnett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnett C, Bril V, Kapral M, Kulkarni A, Davis AM (2016) Development and validation of the myasthenia gravis impairment index. Neurology 87:879\u2013886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002971","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"23","key":"5585_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004676\\uc0\\u160","volume":"89","author":"C Barnett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barnett C, Bril V, Kapral M, Kulkarni AV, Davis AM (2017) Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index: responsiveness, meaningful change, and relative efficiency. Neurology 89(23):2357\u20132364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004676\\uc0\\u160","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21053","volume":"38","author":"TM Burns","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burns TM, Conaway MR, Cutter GR, Sanders DB, The Muscle Study Group (2008) Less is more, or almost as much: a 15-item quality-of-life instrument for myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 38:957\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.21053","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5585_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25545","volume":"56","author":"A Raggi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raggi A, Leonardi M, Ayadi R, Antozzi C, Maggi L, Baggi F et al (2017) Validation of the Italian version of the 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality-of-Life questionnaire: the Italian MG-QOL15. Muscle Nerve 56:716\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.25545","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2013.804591","volume":"36","author":"A Raggi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raggi A, Schiavolin S, Leonardi M, Antozzi C, Baggi F, Maggi L et al (2014) Development of the MG-DIS: an ICF-based disability assessment instrument for myasthenia gravis. Disabil Rehabil 36:546\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2013.804591","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"5585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8072-9","volume":"263","author":"A Raggi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raggi A, Leonardi M, Schiavolin S, Antozzi C, Brenna G, Maggi L et al (2016) Validation of the MG-DIS: a disability assessment for myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 263:871\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8072-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3083-6","volume":"38","author":"A Raggi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raggi A, Antozzi C, Baggi F, Leonardi M, Maggi L, Mantegazza R (2017) Validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change of the myasthenia gravis activities of daily living profile in a sample of Italian myasthenic patients. Neurol Sci 38:1927\u20131931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-017-3083-6","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-200484","volume":"7","author":"RHP de Meel","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Meel RHP, Barnett C, Bril V, Tannemaat MR, Verschuuren JJGM (2020) Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index: sensitivity for change in generalized muscle weakness. J Neuromuscul Dis 7:297\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JND-200484","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T11:38:00Z","timestamp":1645443480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05585-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We confirm that we have read the journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Ospedale Ca\u2019Foncello di Treviso.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"<b>P<\/b>atients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"Dr. Barnett is the developer of the MGII and may receive royalties for its use. She has received research grants from Octapharma and Grifols. She has received consulting honoraria from Akcea, Alexion, and CSL. The other authors report no relevant conflicts.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}