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Real-time MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging was applied, exactly superimposing the DN identified on MRI to calculate its corresponding echo-intensity on digitized ultrasound image analysis. In addition, cerebellar ataxia and cognitive performance were assessed. Correlation analyses were adjusted for age, MS duration, MS severity, and time between MRI scans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DN-to-pons T1-signal intensity-ratios (DPSIR) were larger in patients with visually rated DN T1-hyperintensity compared to those without (1.16\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10 vs 1.09\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). In the combined group, DPSIR correlated with the cumulative linear-GBCA dose (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.49, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), as did the DPSIR change on last versus first MRI (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.59, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Neither DPSIR nor globus pallidus internus-to-thalamus T1-signal intensity-ratios were related to echo-intensity of corresponding ROI\u2019s. DPSIR correlated with the dysarthria (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.57, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), but no other, subscore of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale, and no other clinical score.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DN gadolinium accumulation is not associated with trace metal accumulation, calcification, or other tissue alteration detectable on ultrasound. A possible mild effect of DN gadolinium accumulation on cerebellar speech function in MS patients, suggested by present data, needs to be validated in larger study samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05702-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T08:02:51Z","timestamp":1636012971000},"page":"2631-2639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dentate-nucleus gadolinium deposition on magnetic resonance imaging: ultrasonographic and clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Maschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Gro\u00dfmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlheinz","family":"Hauenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andr\u00e9","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe K.","family":"Zettl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Storch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"5702_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz144","volume":"142","author":"M Filippi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Filippi M, Preziosa P, Banwell BL et al (2019) Assessment of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis: practical guidelines. 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UKZ has received research support and speaker honoraria or travel funds from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and TEVA Pharma. AS reports unrestricted research grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Germany; Helmholtz Association, Germany; and GKC and TEVA Pharma outside the submitted work. He has received personal fees from UCB Pharma, Lobsor Pharma, AbbVie Pharma, Desitin Arzneimittel, GKC, Bial Pharma, Bayer Healthcare, and Gr\u00fcnenthal and royalties from Kohlhammer Verlag, and Elsevier Press, outside the submitted work. He serves as editorial board member for <i>Stem Cells<\/i>, <i>Stem Cells International<\/i>, and the <i>Journal of Biological Chemistry<\/i>. UW has received speaker honoraria and travel funds from Ipsen Pharma, Merz Pharma, Allergan, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer Vital, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer and a research grant from Merz Pharma. He has received royalties from Thieme and Elsevier Press. He serves as editor of the <i>European Journal of Ultrasound<\/i>.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}