{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:58:47Z","timestamp":1765486727487,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T20:02:35Z","timestamp":1646251355000},"page":"4267-4274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ultrasonographic evaluation reveals thinning of cervical nerve roots and peripheral nerves in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tsukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruriko","family":"Kitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Okuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Mihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Katsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Iwahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Higashiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Miyaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideto","family":"Joki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.9.1253","volume":"5","author":"F Tanaka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tanaka F, Doyu M, Ito Y et al (1996) Founder effect in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Hum Mol Genet 5:1253\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/5.9.1253","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5969_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.12.2005","volume":"6","author":"SE Andrew","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andrew SE, Goldberg YP, Hayden MR (1997) Rethinking genotype and phenotype correlations in polyglutamine expansion disorders. Hum Mol Genet 6:2005\u20132010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/6.12.2005","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5969_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.18.7.671","volume":"18","author":"WR Kennedy","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kennedy WR, Alter M, Sung JH (1968) Progressive proximal spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of late onset: a sex-linked recessive trait. Neurology 18:671\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.18.7.671","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5969_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90022-9","volume":"59","author":"T Arbizu","year":"1983","unstructured":"Arbizu T, Santamar\u00eda J, Gomez JM, Qu\u00edlez A, Serra JP (1983) A family with adult spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, X-linked inheritance and associated testicular failure. J Neurol Sci 59:371\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-510X(83)90022-9","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5969_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180306","volume":"18","author":"M Li","year":"1995","unstructured":"Li M, Sobue G, Doyu M, Mukai E, Hashizume Y, Mitsuma T (1995) Primary sensory neurons in X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy: histopathology and androgen receptor gene expression. Muscle Nerve 18:301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880180306","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.153","volume":"7","author":"O Hardiman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hardiman O, van den Berg LH, Kiernan MC (2011) Clinical diagnosis and management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 7:639\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.153","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"5969_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallo JM (2004) Chapter 23 Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy\u2019s disease). In: Eisen A (ed) Clinical neurophysiology of motor neuron diseases. In: Daube JR, Maugiere F (ed) Handbook of clinical neurophysiology, vol. 4. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 403\u2013417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-4231(04)04023-7"},{"key":"5969_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-1527-9.10003-8","volume-title":"Neuromuscular ultrasound","author":"S Pillen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pillen S, van Alfen N, Zwarts MJ (2011) Inherited neuronal atrophy and degeneration predominantly of lower motor neurons. In: Walker FO, Cartwright MS (eds) Neuromuscular ultrasound. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 37\u201356"},{"key":"5969_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23737","volume":"47","author":"LD Hobson-Webb","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hobson-Webb LD (2013) Neuromuscular ultrasound in polyneuropathies and motor neuron disease. Muscle Nerve 47:790\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.23737","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.37.3.529","volume":"37","author":"G Sobue","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sobue G, Hashizume Y, Mitsuma T, Takahashi A (1987) Size-dependent myelinated fiber loss in the corticospinal tract in Shy-Drager syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 37:529\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.37.3.529","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5969_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510x(81)90153-2","volume":"50","author":"G Sobue","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sobue G, Matsuoka Y, Mukai E, Takayanagi T, Sobue I (1981) Pathology of myelinated fibers in cervical and lumbar ventral spinal roots in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 50:413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-510x(81)90153-2","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5969_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22035","volume":"44","author":"MS Cartwright","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cartwright MS, Walker FO, Griffin LP, Caress JB (2011) Peripheral nerve and muscle ultrasound in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 44:346\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.22035","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.01.033","volume":"125","author":"H Nodera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nodera H, Takamatsu N, Shimatani Y et al (2014) Thinning of cervical nerve roots and peripheral nerves in ALS as measured by sonography. Clin Neurophysiol 125:1906\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.01.033","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5969_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24431","volume":"51","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Abdulla S, Debska-Vielhaber G et al (2015) Peripheral nerve ultrasound in ALS phenotypes. Muscle Nerve 51:669\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24431","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.04.610","volume":"129","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Schreiber F, Debska-Vielhaber G et al (2018) Differential involvement of forearm muscles in ALS does not relate to sonographic structural nerve alterations. Clin Neurophysiol 129:1438\u20131443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.04.610","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5969_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26444","volume":"59","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Schreiber F, Garz C et al (2019) Toward in vivo determination of peripheral nervous system immune activity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 59:567\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26444","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.63.54","volume":"63","author":"A Mori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mori A, Nodera H, Takamatsu N et al (2016) Sonographic evaluation of cervical nerve roots in ALS and its clinical subtypes. J Med Invest 63:54\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2152\/jmi.63.54","journal-title":"J Med Invest"},{"key":"5969_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26301","volume":"58","author":"YI Noto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noto YI, Garg N, Li T et al (2018) Comparison of cross-sectional areas and distal-proximal nerve ratios in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 58:777\u2013783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26301","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5943-8","volume":"29","author":"J R\u00edos-D\u00edaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"R\u00edos-D\u00edaz J, Del Ba\u00f1o-Aledo ME, Tembl-Ferrair\u00f3 JI, Chumillas MJ, V\u00e1zquez-Costa JF, Mart\u00ednez-Pay\u00e1 JJ (2019) Quantitative neuromuscular ultrasound analysis as biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur Radiol 29:4266\u20134275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-018-5943-8","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"5969_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.026","volume":"131","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Vielhaber S, Schreiber F (2020) Cartwright MS (2020) Peripheral nerve imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Neurophysiol 131:2315\u20132326","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5969_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.10.152","volume":"126","author":"A Mori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mori A, Nodera H, Takamatsu N et al (2015) Focal nerve enlargement is not the cause for increased distal motor latency in ALS: sonographic evaluation. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1632\u20131637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.10.152","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5969_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7648-0","volume":"262","author":"A Grimm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grimm A, D\u00e9card BF, Athanasopoulou I, Schweikert K, Sinnreich M, Axer H (2015) Nerve ultrasound for differentiation between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multifocal motor neuropathy. J Neurol 262:870\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-015-7648-0","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5969_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003483","volume":"88","author":"HS Goedee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goedee HS, van der Pol WL, van Asseldonk JH et al (2017) Diagnostic value of sonography in treatment-naive chronic inflammatory neuropathies. Neurology 88:143\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003483","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5969_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","volume":"1","author":"BR Brooks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brooks BR, Miller RG, Swash M, Munsat TL, World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases (2000) El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord 1:293\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/146608200300079536","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord"},{"key":"5969_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143","volume":"119","author":"M de Carvalho","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Carvalho M, Dengler R, Eisen A et al (2008) Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS. Clin Neurophysiol 119:497\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5969_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24888","volume":"53","author":"M Qrimli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qrimli M, Ebadi H, Breiner A et al (2016) Reference values for ultrasonography of peripheral nerves. Muscle Nerve 53:538\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24888","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.031","volume":"39","author":"T Sugimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sugimoto T, Ochi K, Hosomi N et al (2013) Ultrasonographic reference sizes of the median and ulnar nerves and the cervical nerve roots in healthy Japanese adults. Ultrasound Med Biol 39:1560\u20131570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.03.031","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"5969_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1356385","volume":"35","author":"J Boehm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boehm J, Scheidl E, Bereczki D, Schelle T, Ar\u00e1nyi Z (2014) High-resolution ultrasonography of peripheral nerves: measurements on 14 nerve segments in 56 healthy subjects and reliability assessments. Ultraschall Med 35:459\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1356385","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"key":"5969_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880141111","volume":"14","author":"RP Kleyweg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kleyweg RP, van der Mech\u00e9 FG, Schmitz PI (1991) Interobserver agreement in the assessment of muscle strength and functional abilities in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Muscle Nerve 14:1103\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880141111","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880160404","volume":"16","author":"TJ Doherty","year":"1993","unstructured":"Doherty TJ, Brown WF (1993) The estimated numbers and relative sizes of thenar motor units as selected by multiple point stimulation in young and older adults. Muscle Nerve 16:355\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880160404","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.3.1790699","volume":"179","author":"C Martinoli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martinoli C, Bianchi S, Santacroce E, Pugliese F, Graif M, Derchi LE (2002) Brachial plexus sonography: a technique for assessing the root level. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179:699\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.179.3.1790699","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"5969_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22291","volume":"45","author":"T Hama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hama T, Hirayama M, Hara T et al (2012) Discrimination of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using sensory nerve action potentials. Muscle Nerve 45:169\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.22291","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000084650","volume":"53","author":"AD Sperfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sperfeld AD, Bretschneider V, Flaith L et al (2005) MR-pathologic comparison of the upper spinal cord in different motor neuron diseases. Eur Neurol 53:74\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000084650","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"5969_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25066","volume":"54","author":"S Schreiber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schreiber S, Dannhardt-Stieger V, Henkel D et al (2016) Quantifying disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using peripheral nerve sonography. Muscle Nerve 54:391\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.25066","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"5969_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006856","volume":"92","author":"JA Telleman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Telleman JA, Herraets IJT, Goedee HS et al (2019) (2019) Nerve ultrasound: a reproducible diagnostic tool in peripheral neuropathy. Neurology 92:e443\u2013e450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006856","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5969_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09251-x","volume":"266","author":"A Hashizume","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hashizume A, Katsuno M, Suzuki K et al (2019) Efficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate for subjects with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: pooled analyses of two randomized-controlled trials. J Neurol 266:1211\u20131221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09251-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T04:06:45Z","timestamp":1655784405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-022-05969-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1590-1874"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1590-3478"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of National Hospital Organization Hakone Hospital and Yokohama City University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent to participate in the present study prior to enrolment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent to participate in the present study prior to enrolment.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}