{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:28:13Z","timestamp":1786980493722,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We summarized \nthe clinical and radiological characteristics of meningitis-retention syndrome (MRS), its therapeutic options, and urological outcome, to better understand the pathogenesis of this syndrome and to evaluate the effectiveness of corticosteroids in reducing the period of urinary retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reported a new case of MRS in a male adolescent. We also reviewed the previously 28 reported cases of MRS, collected from inception up to September 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRS is characterized by aseptic meningitis and urinary retention. The mean length of the interval between the onset of the neurological signs and the urinary retention was 6.4\u00a0days. In most cases, no pathogens were isolated in cerebrospinal fluid, except for 6 cases in which Herpesviruses were detected. The urodynamic study resulted in a detrusor underactivity, with a mean period for urination recovery of 4.5\u00a0weeks, regardless of therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurophysiological studies and electromyographic examination are not pathological, distinguishing MRS from polyneuropathies. Although there are no encephalitic symptoms or signs, and the magnetic resonance is often normal, MRS may represent a mild form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, without radiological detectable medullary involvement, due to the prompt use of steroids. It is believed that MRS is a self-limited disease, and no evidence suggests the effectiveness of steroids, antibiotics, and antiviral treatment in its clinical course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T03:03:14Z","timestamp":1677812594000},"page":"1949-1957","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Meningitis-retention syndrome: a review and update of an unrecognized clinical condition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4353-8324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Funiciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Pruccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Silvestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Scolfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Mignone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aba","family":"Tocchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Roasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Garazzino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6704_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2021.0278","volume":"83","author":"J Mavrotas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mavrotas J, Gandhi A, Kalogianni V, Patel V, Batura D (2022) Acute urinary retention. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 83(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/hmed.2021.0278","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"6704_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0897-6","volume":"252","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Liu Z, Yamamoto T, Ito T, Uzawa A, Suenaga T, Kanai K, Awa Y, Sugiyama Y, Hattori T (2005) Meningitis-retention syndrome. An unrecognized clinical condition. J Neurol 252(12):1495\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0897-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6704_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.07.005","volume":"175","author":"P Tattevin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tattevin P, Tchamgou\u00e9 S, Belem A, B\u00e9n\u00e9zit F, Pronier C, Revest M (2019) Aseptic meningitis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 175(7\u20138):475\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.07.005","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"1","key":"6704_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22279","volume":"32","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Kishi M, Tsuyusaki Y, Tateno A, Tateno F, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto T, Yamanishi T, Yano M (2013) \u201cMeningitis-retention syndrome\u201d: a review. Neurourol Urodyn 32(1):19\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.22279","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"10","key":"6704_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"omab092","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omab092","volume":"2021","author":"M Hidaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hidaka M, Sawamura N, Yokoi M, Mezuki S, Osaki M, Arakawa S, Akiyama T, Yamaguchi S, Sayama T, Kitazono T (2021) Meningitis retention syndrome associated with complicated mild encephalitis\/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion in a young adult patient: a case report. Oxf Med Case Rep 2021(10):omab092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/omcr\/omab092","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"6704_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2015.19.3.207","volume":"19","author":"D Basoulis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basoulis D, Mylona M, Toskas P, Tsilingiris D, Fytili C (2015) Meningitis-retention syndrome. Int Neurourol J 19(3):207\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/inj.2015.19.3.207","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"issue":"16","key":"6704_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3331","volume":"49","author":"O Takahashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takahashi O, Sakakibara R, Kishi M, Matsuzawa Y, Ogawa E, Sugiyama M, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto T, Yamanishi T, Tomaru T (2010) Herbal medicine-induced meningitis-retention syndrome. Intern Med 49(16):1813\u20131816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3331","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"6704_CR8","first-page":"117","volume":"16","author":"CA Elsberg","year":"1913","unstructured":"Elsberg CA (1913) Experience in spinal surgery. Observation upon 60 laminecromies for spinal disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 16:117\u2013132","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"6704_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr10.2008.1075","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.10.2008.1075","volume":"2009","author":"JJ Hsu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsu JJ, Chuang SH, Chen CH, Huang MH (2009) Sacral myeloradiculitis (Elsberg syndrome) secondary to eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. BMJ Case Rep 2009:bcr10.2008.1075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr.10.2008.1075","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"6704_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000134652.51657.10","volume":"63","author":"O Eberhardt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eberhardt O, K\u00fcker W, Dichgans J, Weller M (2004) HSV-2 sacral radiculitis (Elsberg syndrome). Neurology 63(4):758\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000134652.51657.10","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6704_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984345","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/984345","volume":"2013","author":"C Mankongpaisarnrung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mankongpaisarnrung C, Laengvejkal P, Argueta E, Limsuwat C, Sutamtewagul G, Nugent K (2013) Meningitis-retention syndrome as a presentation of West Nile virus meningitis. Case Rep Med 2013:984345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/984345","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"6704_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8454-3-5","volume":"3","author":"RS Kashyap","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kashyap RS, Kainthla RP, Mudaliar AV, Purohit HJ, Taori GM, Daginawala HF (2006) Cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity: a complimentary tool in the early diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 3:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-8454-3-5","journal-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6704_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318238fee3","volume":"344","author":"Q Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun Q, Sha W, Xiao HP, Tian Q, Zhu H (2012) Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid adenosine deaminase activity for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and nontuberculous meningitis. Am J Med Sci 344(2):116\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318238fee3","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6704_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000142","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2021-000142","volume":"3","author":"A C Novo","year":"2021","unstructured":"C Novo A, Venegas P\u00e9rez B (2021) Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy presented as ataxia, myoclonus and bulbar syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. BMJ Neurol Open 3(2):e000142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjno-2021-000142","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"6704_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0388-9","volume":"17","author":"G Cutillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cutillo G, Saariaho AH, Meri S (2020) Physiology of gangliosides and the role of antiganglioside antibodies in human diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 17(4):313\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41423-020-0388-9","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"6704_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116576","volume":"408","author":"P Wanleenuwat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wanleenuwat P, Iwanowski P, Kozubski W (2020) Antiganglioside antibodies in neurological diseases. J Neurol Sci 408:116576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116576","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"6704_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0189-9","volume":"253","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Yamanishi T, Uchiyama T, Hattori T (2006) Acute urinary retention due to benign inflammatory nervous diseases. J Neurol 253(8):1103\u20131110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-006-0189-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"6704_CR18","first-page":"51","volume":"28","author":"R Kanno","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kanno R, Yokoyama J, Takagi Z (1985) Aseptic meningitis associated with urinary retention. Annu Rep Ohara Hosp 28:51\u201354","journal-title":"Annu Rep Ohara Hosp"},{"key":"6704_CR19","first-page":"911","volume":"44","author":"C Ohe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ohe C, Ohashi Y (1990) A case of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis. Rinshou Hinyoukika 44:911\u2013913","journal-title":"Rinshou Hinyoukika"},{"key":"6704_CR20","first-page":"67","volume":"50","author":"T Fukagai","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fukagai T, Ishihara M, Funabashi K, Naitoh Y, Murayama K (1996) A case of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis. Rinshou Hinyoukika 50:67\u201370","journal-title":"Rinshou Hinyoukika"},{"issue":"6","key":"6704_CR21","first-page":"435","volume":"45","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shimizu Y, Yamamoto S, Inoue K, Nakamura Y, Tokonami F, Aii H et al (1999) Two cases of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis. Hinyokika Kiyo 45(6):435\u2013437","journal-title":"Hinyokika Kiyo"},{"issue":"5","key":"6704_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.392","volume":"41","author":"T Zenda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zenda T, Soma R, Muramoto H, Hayase H, Orito M, Okada T et al (2002) Acute urinary retention as an unusual manifestation of aseptic meningitis. Intern Med 41(5):392\u2013394","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"6704_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322009000900017","volume":"64","author":"N Tascilar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tascilar N, Aydemir H, Emre U, Unal A, Atasoy HT, Ekem S (2009) Unusual combination of reversible splenial lesi\u00f3n and meningitis-retention syndrome in aseptic meningomyelitis. Clinics 64(9):932\u2013937","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"issue":"2","key":"6704_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2010.14.2.122","volume":"14","author":"TW Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim TW, Whang JC, Lee SH, Choi JI, Park SM, Lee JB (2010) Acute urinary retention due to aseptic meningitis: meningitis-retention syndrome. Int Neurourol J 14(2):122\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5213\/inj.2010.14.2.122","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6704_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4747","volume":"50","author":"F Tateno","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tateno F, Sakakibara R, Sugiyama M, Takahashi O, Kishi M, Ogawa E, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto T, Yamanishi T, Yano H, Suzuki H (2011) Meningitis-retention syndrome: first case of urodynamic follow-up. Intern Med 50(12):1329\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.50.4747","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"6704_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741621","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/741621","volume":"2011","author":"F Ntziora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ntziora F, Alevizopoulos A, Konstantopoulos K, Kanellopoulou S, Bougas D, Stravodimos K (2011) Aseptic meningitis with urinary retention: a case report. Case Rep Med 2011:741621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/741621","journal-title":"Case Rep Med"},{"key":"6704_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krishna A, Devulapally P, Ghobrial I (2012) Meningitis retention syndrome. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2(1):15761.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/jchimp.v2i1.15761","DOI":"10.3402\/jchimp.v2i1.15761"},{"issue":"12","key":"6704_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872014001200015","volume":"142","author":"LR Cartier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cartier LR, Hansen FB (2014) S\u00edndrome de meningitis y retenci\u00f3n urinaria [Meningitis-retention syndrome Report of one case]. Rev Med Chil 142(12):1607\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0034-98872014001200015. (Spanish)","journal-title":"Rev Med Chil"},{"key":"6704_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eucr.2016.02.010","volume":"6","author":"G Ishii","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ishii G, Hata K, Aoki S, Suzuki M, Kimura T, Egawa S (2016) Meningitis-retention syndrome; a case report. Urol Case Rep 6:42\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eucr.2016.02.010","journal-title":"Urol Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"6704_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.193811","volume":"64","author":"IA Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah IA, Asimi RP, Kawoos Y, Wani MA, Wani MA, Nawaz S, Rasool A, Raina A (2016) Meningitis retention syndrome: an unusual complication of viral meningitis. Neurol India 64(6):1307\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.193811","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"6704_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2017220903","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220903","volume":"2017","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Satomi K (2017) Cystometrography of meningitis-retention syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2017:bcr2017220903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2017-220903","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"6704_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.05.008","volume":"390","author":"A Hiraga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hiraga A, Kuwabara S (2018) Meningitis-retention syndrome: clinical features, frequency and prognosis. J Neurol Sci 390:261\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.05.008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6704_CR33","first-page":"166","volume":"40","author":"A Gregu\u0161ov\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregu\u0161ov\u00e1 A, Kl\u00e9zl P, Ma\u0161kov\u00e1 V, Sm\u00ed\u0161kov\u00e1 D, P\u00edcha D, Malikova H (2019) Acute urinary retention in aseptic meningitis: meningitis-retention syndrome. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 40(4):166\u2013168","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"6704_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"002133","DOI":"10.12890\/2020_002133","volume":"7","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Watanabe G, Watari T (2020) Epstein-Barr Virus-induced meningitis-retention syndrome. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 7(12):002133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12890\/2020_002133","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"6704_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e236625","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-236625","volume":"13","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Sakai D, Tateno F, Aiba Y (2020) Urinary retention with occult meningeal reaction: a \u2018form fruste\u2019 meningitis-retention syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 13(11):e236625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2020-236625","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6704_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06692-6","volume":"21","author":"T Kenzaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kenzaka T, Goda K, Kumabe A (2021) Meningitis retention syndrome caused by varicella zoster virus in a patient without a rash: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 21(1):996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-021-06692-6","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T23:52:49Z","timestamp":1683849169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6704"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06704-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2382850\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}