{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:28:21Z","timestamp":1786980501713,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]],"date-time":"2023-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004913","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) is a valid paradigm to study multisensorial perception. In the \u201cfission\u201d SIFI, multiple flashes are perceived when observing a single flash paired with two or more beeps. SIFI is largely dependent on visual and acoustic cortex excitability; in migraine, dysfunctional cortical excitability affects SIFI perception. Since estrogen peak occurring during ovulation can increase neuronal excitability, the present study aims to verify whether cortical excitability shifts linked to the menstrual cycle could influence SIFI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a comparative prospective study, we tested the effect of estrogens on crossmodal perception using the SIFI. We recruited 27 females in reproductive age, including 16 healthy and 11 menstrually related migraine females, testing their proneness to SIFI on day 14 (high estradiol) and day 27 (low estradiol) of menstrual cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women on day 14 reported less flashes than on day 27 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) in the fission illusion, suggesting a pro-excitatory effect of estradiol on visual cortex excitability during ovulation. Moreover, we confirmed that migraine women perceived less flashes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) than controls, independently from cycle phase. Non-migraineurs women significantly reported more flashes on day 27 than on day 14 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that estradiol may influence the multisensory perception due to changes of visual cortex excitability, with high estradiol peak leading to increased visual cortical sensitivity during ovulation in non-migraineurs. Visual cortex hyperresponsiveness, here reflected by reduced SIFI, is not influenced by estradiol fluctuations in migraine women, as shown by reduced fission effects on day 14 and 27.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T19:26:04Z","timestamp":1679858764000},"page":"2863-2870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The effects of estradiol levels on crossmodal perception: a study on the sound induced flash illusion in healthy and menstrually related migraine individuals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3068-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Maccora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Bolognini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Mannina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Torrente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Agnello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Lo Sasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Ciaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Sireci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Brighina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"6744_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.2.925","volume":"81","author":"MR Foy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Foy MR, Xu J, Xie X, Brinton RD, Thompson RF, Berger TW (1999) 17beta-estradiol enhances NMDA receptor-mediated EPSPs and long-term potentiation. J Neurophysiol 81(2):925\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1999.81.2.925","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00195.2002","volume":"89","author":"FC Hsu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hsu FC, Smith SS (2003) Progesterone withdrawal reduces paired-pulse inhibition in rat hippocampus: dependence on GABA(A) receptor alpha4 subunit upregulation. J Neurophysiol 89(1):186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00195.2002","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(94)90057-4","volume":"44","author":"SS Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith SS (1994) Female sex steroid hormones: from receptors to networks to performance\u2013actions on the sensorimotor system. Prog Neurobiol 44(1):55\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0301-0082(94)90057-4","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"6744_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.71.suppl_2.s4","volume":"71","author":"SS Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith SS, Woolley CS (2004) Cellular and molecular effects of steroid hormones on CNS excitability. Cleve Clin J Med 71(Suppl 2):S4-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.71.suppl_2.s4","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"6744_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5223-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"YR Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith YR, Stohler CS, Nichols TE, Bueller JA, Koeppe RA, Zubieta JK (2006) Pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects of estradiol through endogenous opioid neurotransmission in women. J Neurosci 26(21):5777\u20135785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5223-05.2006","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"22","key":"6744_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225729","volume":"20","author":"S Paredes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paredes S, Cantillo S, Candido KD, Knezevic NN (2019) An association of serotonin with pain disorders and its modulation by estrogens. Int J Mol Sci 20(22):5729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20225729","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"6744_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.53.9.2069","volume":"53","author":"MJ Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith MJ, Keel JC, Greenberg BD, Adams LF, Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DA, Wassermann EM (1999) Menstrual cycle effects on cortical excitability. Neurology 53(9):2069\u20132072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.53.9.2069","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6744_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/ana","volume":"51","author":"MJ Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith MJ, Adams LF, Schmidt PJ, Rubinow DR, Wassermann EM (2002) Effects of ovarian hormones on human cortical excitability. Ann Neurol 51(5):599\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6744_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.003","volume":"115","author":"M Inghilleri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Inghilleri M, Conte A, Curr\u00e0 A, Frasca V, Lorenzano C, Berardelli A (2004) Ovarian hormones and cortical excitability An rTMS study in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 115(5):1063\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.12.003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6744_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136081","volume":"10","author":"M Zoghi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zoghi M, Vaseghi B, Bastani A, Jaberzadeh S, Galea MP (2015) The effects of sex hormonal fluctuations during menstrual cycle on cortical excitability and manual dexterity (a pilot study). PLoS One 10(8):e0136081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136081","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"6744_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02744.x","volume":"66","author":"K Hattemer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hattemer K, Knake S, Reis J, Rochon J, Oertel WH, Rosenow F, Hamer HM (2007) Excitability of the motor cortex during ovulatory and anovulatory cycles: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) r 66(3):387\u201393","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) r"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79389-6","volume":"10","author":"N Schloemer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schloemer N, Lenz M, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR, H\u00f6ffken O (2020) Parallel modulation of intracortical excitability of somatosensory and visual cortex by the gonadal hormones estradiol and progesterone. Sci Rep 10(1):22237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79389-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6744_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bolognini N, Russo C, Vallar G (2015) Crossmodal illusions in neurorehabilitation. Front Behav Neurosci. 9:212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00212. Erratum in: Front Behav Neurosci. 2016;10:33","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00212"},{"issue":"6814","key":"6744_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1038\/35048669","volume":"40","author":"L Shams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shams L, Kamitani Y, Illusions SS (2000) What you see is what you hear. Nature 40(6814):788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35048669","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/s0926-6410(02)00069-1","volume":"14","author":"L Shams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shams L, Kamitani Y, Shimojo S (2002) Visual illusion induced by sound. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 14(1):147\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0926-6410(02)00069-1","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6744_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.015","volume":"49","author":"N Bolognini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bolognini N, Rossetti A, Casati C, Mancini F, Vallar G (2011) Neuromodulation of multisensory perception: a tDCS study of the sound-induced flash illusion. Neuropsychologia 49(2):231\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2010.11.015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"6744_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.015","volume":"87","author":"N Bolognini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bolognini N, Convento S, Casati C, Mancini F, Brighina F, Vallar G (2016) Multisensory integration in hemianopia and unilateral spatial neglect: evidence from the sound induced flash illusion. Neuropsychologia 87:134\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"6744_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brighina F, Bolognini N, Cosentino G, Maccora S, Paladino P, Baschi R, Vallar G, Fierro B (2015) Visual cortex hyperexcitability in migraine in response to sound-induced flash illusions. Neurology 84(20):2057\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001584. Epub 2015 Apr 17. Erratum in: Neurology. 2016 Mar 22;86(12):1172.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001584"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6744_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.12.005","volume":"21","author":"S Maccora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maccora S, Bolognini N, Cosentino G, Baschi R, Vallar G, Fierro B, Brighina F (2020) Multisensorial perception in chronic migraine and the role of medication overuse. J Pain 21(7\u20138):919\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2019.12.005","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413507637","volume":"4","author":"KG Vetvik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vetvik KG, Macgregor EA, Lundqvist C, Russell MB (2014) Prevalence of menstrual migraine: a population-based study. Cephalalgia 4(4):280\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102413507637","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00516.x","volume":"23","author":"EG Couturier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Couturier EG, Bomhof MA, Neven AK, van Duijn NP (2003) Menstrual migraine in a representative Dutch population sample: prevalence, disability and treatment. Cephalalgia 23(4):302\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00516.x","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"6744_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"6744_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.25.3.245","volume":"25","author":"BW Somerville","year":"1975","unstructured":"Somerville BW (1975) Estrogen-withdrawal migraine II Attempted prophylaxis by continuous estradiol administration. Neurology 25(3):245\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.25.3.245","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.22.4.355","volume":"22","author":"BW Somerville","year":"1972","unstructured":"Somerville BW (1972) The role of estradiol withdrawal in the etiology of menstrual migraine. Neurology 22(4):355\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.22.4.355","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"6744_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00768-9","volume":"3","author":"EA MacGregor","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacGregor EA (2004) Oestrogen and attacks of migraine with and without aura. Lancet Neurol 3(6):354\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00768-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6744_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102412451360","volume":"32","author":"M Antonova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antonova M, Wienecke T, Olesen J, Ashina M (2012) Prostaglandin E(2) induces immediate migraine-like attack in migraine patients without aura. Cephalalgia 32(11):822\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102412451360","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"6744_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0440","volume":"17","author":"LK Mannix","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mannix LK (2008) Menstrual-related pain conditions: dysmenorrhea and migraine. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 17(5):879\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2007.0440","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"6803","key":"6744_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6803.610","volume":"303","author":"N Lyn\u00f6e","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lyn\u00f6e N, Sandlund M, Dahlqvist G, Jacobsson L (1991) Informed consent: study of quality of information given to participants in a clinical trial. BMJ 303(6803):610\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.303.6803.610","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6744_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00247","volume":"13","author":"S Maccora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maccora S, Giglia G, Bolognini N, Cosentino G, Gangitano M, Salemi G, Brighina F (2019) Cathodal occipital tDCS is unable to modulate the sound induced flash illusion in migraine. Front Hum Neurosci 13:247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2019.00247","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447303300111","volume":"33","author":"J Cohen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cohen J (1973) Eta-squared and partial Eta-squared in fixed factor Anova designs. Educ Psychol Measur 33(1):107\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001316447303300111","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Measur"},{"issue":"1749","key":"6744_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4955","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2012.2132","volume":"279","author":"B de Haas","year":"2012","unstructured":"de Haas B, Kanai R, Jalkanen L, Rees G (2012) Grey matter volume in early human visual cortex predicts proneness to the sound-induced flash illusion. Proc Biol Sci 279(1749):4955\u20134961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2012.2132","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6744_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.11.034","volume":"25","author":"R Cecere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cecere R, Rees G, Romei V (2015) Individual differences in alpha frequency drive crossmodal illusory perception. Curr Biol 25(2):231\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.11.034","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6744_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90539-7","volume":"422","author":"SS Smith","year":"1987","unstructured":"Smith SS, Waterhouse BD, Woodward DJ (1987) Sex steroid effects on extrahypothalamic CNS II Progesterone, alone and in combination with estrogen, modulates cerebellar responses to amino acid neurotransmitters. Brain Res 422(1):52\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(87)90539-7","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6744_CR34","first-page":"206","volume":"99","author":"W Saleeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saleeon W, Jansri U, Srikiatkhachorn A, Bongsebandhu-phubhakdi S (2016) Estrous Cycle Induces peripheral sensitization in trigeminal ganglion neurons: an animal model of menstrual migraine. J Med Assoc Thai 99(2):206\u2013212","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.07.006","volume":"148","author":"JA McRoberts","year":"2007","unstructured":"McRoberts JA, Li J, Ennes HS, Mayer EA (2007) Sex-dependent differences in the activity and modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons. Neuroscience 148(4):1015\u20131020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.07.006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"6744_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.19.11412","volume":"95","author":"DD Murphy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murphy DD, Cole NB, Segal M (1998) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediates estradiol-induced dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(19):11412\u201311417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.95.19.11412","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2005.04.002","volume":"39","author":"V Puri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Puri V, Cui L, Liverman CS, Roby KF, Klein RM, Welch KM, Berman NE (2005) Ovarian steroids regulate neuropeptides in the trigeminal ganglion. Neuropeptides 39(4):409\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.npep.2005.04.002","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"15","key":"6744_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4120","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4912-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"J Mishra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mishra J, Martinez A, Sejnowski TJ, Hillyard SA (2007) Early cross-modal interactions in auditory and visual cortex underlie a sound-induced visual illusion. J Neurosci 27(15):4120\u20134131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4912-06.2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6744_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.05.023","volume":"1242","author":"J Mishra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mishra J, Martinez A, Hillyard SA (2008) Cortical processes underlying sound-induced flash fusion. Brain Res 1242:102\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.05.023","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"6744_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21295","volume":"22","author":"J Mishra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mishra J, Mart\u00ednez A, Hillyard SA (2010) Effect of attention on early cortical processes associated with the sound-induced extra flash illusion. J Cogn Neurosci 22(8):1714\u20131729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21295","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"17","key":"6744_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00049","volume":"12","author":"L Shams","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shams L, Kamitani Y, Thompson S, Shimojo S (2001) Sound alters visual evoked potentials in humans. NeuroReport 12(17):3849\u20133852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200112040-00049","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"2","key":"6744_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.027","volume":"37","author":"S Watkins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watkins S, Shams L, Josephs O, Rees G (2007) Activity in human V1 follows multisensory perception. Neuroimage 37(2):572\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.05.027","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"6744_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328360edb1","volume":"26","author":"TJ Schwedt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwedt TJ (2013) Multisensory integration in migraine. Curr Opin Neurol 26(3):248\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328360edb1","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"6744_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sebastianelli G, Abagnale C, Casillo F, Cioffi E, Parisi V, Di Lorenzo C, Serrao M, Porcaro C, Schoenen J, Coppola G (2022) Bimodal sensory integration in migraine: a study of the effect of visual stimulation on somatosensory evoked cortical responses. Cephalalgia 3331024221075073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024221075073.","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221075073"},{"issue":"9","key":"6744_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.190223","volume":"81","author":"N Boulloche","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boulloche N, Denuelle M, Payoux P, Fabre N, Trotter Y, G\u00e9raud G (2010) Photophobia in migraine: an interictal PET study of cortical hyperexcitability and its modulation by pain. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81(9):978\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2009.190223","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6744_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05108.x","volume":"45","author":"SK Aurora","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aurora SK, Barrodale P, Chronicle EP, Mulleners WM (2005) Cortical inhibition is reduced in chronic and episodic migraine and demonstrates a spectrum of illness. Headache 45(5):546\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.05108.x","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6744_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.05.009","volume":"354","author":"F Wickmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wickmann F, Stephani C, Czesnik D, Klinker F, Tim\u00e4us C, Chaieb L, Paulus W, Antal A (2015) Prophylactic treatment in menstrual migraine: a proof-of-concept study. J Neurol Sci 354(1\u20132):103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2015.05.009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6744_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01061.x","volume":"26","author":"M Siniatchkin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siniatchkin M, Averkina N, Gerber WD (2006) Relationship between precipitating agents and neurophysiological abnormalities in migraine. Cephalalgia 26(4):457\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01061.x","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"3","key":"6744_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420966977","volume":"41","author":"KM Linstra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linstra KM, Ibrahimi K, van Casteren DS, Wermer MJ, Terwindt GM, MaassenVanDenBrink A (2021) Pain perception in women with menstrually-related migraine. Cephalalgia 41(3):417\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420966977","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"6744_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-008-0077-3","volume":"12","author":"VT Martin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin VT (2008) New theories in the pathogenesis of menstrual migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 12(6):453\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-008-0077-3","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"6744_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-006-0599-6","volume":"27","author":"KM Welch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Welch KM, Brandes JL, Berman NE (2006) Mismatch in how oestrogen modulates molecular and neuronal function may explain menstrual migraine. Neurol Sci 27(Suppl 2):S190\u2013S192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-006-0599-6","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6744_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417690891","volume":"38","author":"V Chauvel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chauvel V, Multon S, Schoenen J (2018) Estrogen-dependent effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on cortical spreading depression in rat: modelling the serotonin-ovarian hormone interaction in migraine aura. Cephalalgia 38(3):427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417690891","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T04:15:40Z","timestamp":1689221740000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06744-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of University of Palermo. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}