{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:21:56Z","timestamp":1774538516795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]],"date-time":"2023-03-25T02:02:31Z","timestamp":1679709751000},"page":"2883-2888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Tolerability of clobazam as add-on therapy in patients aged 50\u00a0years and older with drug-resistant epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elanagan","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"Frawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjorie E.","family":"Bunch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6765_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thurman DJ, Beghi E, Begley CE, Berg AT, Buchhalter JR, Ding D et al (2011) Standards for epidemiologic studies and surveillance of epilepsy. Epilepsia 52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03121.x"},{"key":"6765_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kwan P, Brodie MJ (2000) Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med 342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002033420503"},{"key":"6765_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4 M, Schmidt D (2006) Natural history of treated childhood-onset epilepsy: prospective, long-term population-based study. Brain 129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awh726","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh726"},{"key":"6765_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sankar R (2012) GABAA receptor physiology and its relationship to the mechanism of action of the 1,5-benzodiazepine clobazam. CNS Drugs 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11599020-000000000-00000","DOI":"10.2165\/11599020-000000000-00000"},{"key":"6765_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Purcarin G, Ng Y-T (2014) Experience in the use of clobazam in the treatment of Lennox\u2013Gastaut syndrome. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1756285614521314","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285614521314"},{"key":"6765_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ng YT, Conry JA, Drummond R, Stolle J, Weinberg MA (2011) Randomized, phase III study results of clobazam in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Neurology 77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318232de76","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318232de76"},{"key":"6765_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Conry JA, Ng Y-T, Paolicchi JM, Kernitsky L, Mitchell WG, Ritter FJ et al (2009) Clobazam in the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia 50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01935.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2008.01935.x"},{"key":"6765_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt D (1986) Clobazam for Refractory Focal Epilepsy. Arch Neurol 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080064023","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520080064023"},{"key":"6765_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koeppen D, Baruzzi A, Capozza M, Chauvel P, Courjon J, Favel P et al (1987) Clobazam in therapy-resistant patients with partial epilepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Epilepsia 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03678.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1987.tb03678.x"},{"key":"6765_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allen JW, Oxley J, Robertson MM, Trimble MR, Richens A, Jawad SS (1983) Clobazam as adjunctive treatment in refractory epilepsy. BMJ 286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.286.6373.1246","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6373.1246"},{"key":"6765_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Geriatrics Society (2015) 2015 Updated beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13702","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13702"},{"key":"6765_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barker M (2004) Persistence of cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00096-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6177(03)00096-9"},{"key":"6765_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Geriatrics Society (2019) 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria\u00ae for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. J Am GeriatrSoc 67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15767","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"key":"6765_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marini C, King MA, Archer JS, Newton MR, Berkovic SF (2003) Idiopathic generalised epilepsy of adult onset: clinical syndromes and genetics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.74.2.192","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.2.192"},{"key":"6765_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jensen HS, Nichol K, Lee D, Ebert B (2014) Clobazam and its active metabolite N-desmethylclobazam display significantly greater affinities for \u03b12- versus \u03b11-GABAA\u2013receptor complexes. PLoS One 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088456","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088456"},{"key":"6765_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klehm J, Thome-Souza S, S\u00e1nchez Fern\u00e1ndez I, Bergin AM, Bolton J, Harini C et al (2014) Clobazam: effect on frequency of seizures and safety profile in different subgroups of children with epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.01.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.01.025"},{"key":"6765_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefan H (2011) Epilepsy in the elderly: facts and challenges. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01464.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01464.x"},{"key":"6765_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leppik IE, Birnbaum AK (2010) Epilepsy in the elderly. Ann N. Y. Acad Sci 1184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05113.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05113.x"},{"key":"6765_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walzer M, Bekersky I, Blum RA, Tolbert D (2012) Pharmacokinetic drug interactions between clobazam and drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Pharmacotherapy 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01028.x","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2012.01028.x"},{"key":"6765_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geffrey AL, Pollack SF, Bruno PL, Thiele EA (2015) Drug-drug interaction between clobazam and cannabidiol in children with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13060","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13060"},{"key":"6765_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Montenegro MA, Ferreira CM, Cendes F, Li LM, Guerreiro CAM (2005) Clobazam as add-on therapy for temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci \/ J Can Des Sci Neurol 32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0317167100016942","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100016942"},{"key":"6765_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Montenegro MA, Cendes F, Noronha ALA, Mory SB, Carvalho MI, Marques LHN et al (2001) Efficacy of clobazam as add-on therapy in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.31600.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.31600.x"},{"key":"6765_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen J, Peltola J, Raitanen J, Alapirtti T, Rainesalo S (2017) Comparative effectiveness of eight antiepileptic drugs in adults with focal refractory epilepsy: the influence of age, gender, and the sequence in which drugs were introduced onto the market. J Neurol 264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8526-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8526-8"},{"key":"6765_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jamil A, Levinson N, Gelfand M, Hill CE, Khankhanian P, Davis KA (2020) Efficacy and tolerability of clobazam in adults with drug-refractory epilepsy. Neurol Clin Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000992.","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000992"},{"key":"6765_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alsfouk BAA, Hakeem H, Chen Z, Walters M, Brodie MJ, Kwan P (2020) Characteristics and treatment outcomes of newly diagnosed epilepsy in older people: a 30\u2010year longitudinal cohort study. Epilepsia 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16721","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16721"},{"key":"6765_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barcs G, Hal\u00e1sz P (2009) Effectiveness and tolerance of clobazam in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00180.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00180.x"},{"key":"6765_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shimizu H, Kawasaki J, Yuasa S, Tarao Y, Kumagai S, Kanemoto K (2003) Use of clobazam for the treatment of refractory complex partial seizures. Seizure 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00287-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(02)00287-X"},{"key":"6765_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paton C (2002) Benzodiazepines and disinhibition: a review. Psychiatric Bull 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/pb.26.12.460","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.26.12.460"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T08:17:15Z","timestamp":1689236235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["6765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06765-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"IRB for this study was approved on 21-Feb 2022 under Exempt Category (d)(4)(iii) with Waiver of HIPAA\u00a0Authorization (Secondary research for which consent is not required) (5409).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and Informed consent"}}]}}