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Nevertheless, its diagnosis and management is difficult, since specific diagnostic criteria and guidelines for treatment are still lacking. The aim of this Delphi study is to reach a shared point of view among different Italian specialists on depression in AD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An online Delphi survey with 30 questions regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment of depression in AD was administered anonymously to a panel of 53 expert clinicians.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Consensus was achieved in most cases (86%). In the 80% of statements, a positive consensus was reached, while in 6% a negative consensus was achieved. No consensus was obtained in 14%. Among the most relevant findings, the link between depression and AD is believed to be strong and concerns etiopathogenesis and phenomenology. Further, depression in AD seems to have specific features compared to major depressive disorder (MDD). Regarding diagnosis, the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for MDD seems to be not able to detect the specific aspects of depression in AD. Concerning treatment, antidepressant drugs are generally considered the main option for depression in dementia, according to previous guidelines. In order to limit side effects, multimodal and SSRI antidepressant are preferred by clinicians. In particular, the procognitive effect of vortioxetine seems to be appealing for the treatment of depression in AD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study highlights some crucial aspects of depression in AD, but more investigations and specific recommendations are needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06891-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T22:01:45Z","timestamp":1688508105000},"page":"4323-4332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Exploring depression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: an Italian Delphi Consensus on phenomenology, diagnosis, and management"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0119-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Padovani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Antonini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bellelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fagiolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferini Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sorbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Stocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.024","volume":"88","author":"C Reitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reitz C, Mayeux R (2014) Alzheimer disease: epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors and biomarkers. 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This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"FB has received compensation for consultancy and speaker related activities from Zambon, UCB, Chiesi Pharma, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Bial, SynAgile, Biogen, Kiowa, and Impax. AA has received compensation for consultancy and speaker related activities from UCB, Boehringer Ingelheim, General Electric, Britannia, AbbVie, Kyowa Kirin, Zambon, Bial, Neuroderm, Theravance Biopharma, Roche, and Medscape; he receives research support from Bial, Lundbeck, Roche, Angelini Pharmaceuticals, Horizon 2020\u2014Grant 825785, Horizon2020 Grant 101016902, Ministry of Education University and Research (MIUR) Grant ARS01_01081, and Cariparo Foundation. He serves as consultant for Boehringer\u2013Ingelheim for legal cases on pathological gambling. AF is\/has been a consultant and\/or a speaker and\/or has received research grants from Angelini, Apsen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lundbeck, Janssen, Viatris, Otsuka, Recordati, Sonofi, Aventis, and Sunovion. LFS has received speaker fees from Jazz Pharma, Lundbeck, Angelini, Valeas, Bioprojet, Fidia, and Idorsia and has served on scientific advisory boards for Jazz Pharma, Italfarmaco, Bioprojet, Bayer, and Idorsia. CM received funds from the following companies: Novo-nordisk, Angelini, Lundbeck, Roche, Biogen as consultant in scientific board and congress speaker. PB, GB, SS, and AP declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}