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PPT decreases in patients with migraine not only over the trigeminal cervical complex but also throughout the body.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was adopted to assess the local and widespread hyperalgesia in chronic and episodic migraine patients respect to healthy controls. The guidelines of Andersen\u2019s were used to evaluate the PPT bilaterally over 3 muscles in the trigemino-cervical complex (temporalis, sub-occipitalis, trapezius) and over 1 muscle far from this area (tensor fasciae latae).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Thirty subjects with episodic migraine (35.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.82\u00a0years), 30 with chronic migraine (53.03\u2009\u00b1\u200919.79\u00a0years), and 30 healthy controls (29.06\u2009\u00b1\u200914.03\u00a0years) were enrolled. The interaction effect was present for the trapezius muscle with a significant difference between the right and the left side in episodic group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). A group effect was highlighted in all four muscles analyzed such as suboccipital (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), temporalis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.001), trapezius (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and TFL (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). PPT was usually higher in the control group than in the episodic group which in turn was characterized by higher PPT values than the chronic group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>People with chronic and episodic migraine presented lower PPT than healthy controls both in the trigeminal and in the extra-trigeminal area. People with chronic migraine presented lower PPT than episodic migraine only in the trigeminal area. Temporalis and sub-occipitalis are the most sensitive muscles in people with chronic and episodic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07372-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T02:38:59Z","timestamp":1708742339000},"page":"3923-3929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Instrumental assessment of pressure pain threshold over trigeminal and extra-trigeminal area in people with episodic and chronic migraine: a cross-sectional observational study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6150-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Deodato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Sabot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Buoite Stella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Manganotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. 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