{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T02:20:43Z","timestamp":1779934843926,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A2C1012113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A2C1012113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used for the restoration of awareness in patients with a minimal consciousness state (MCS). Most brains of patients in MCS may structurally and electrophysiologically differ from un-damaged brains. Moreover, tDCS is currently contraindicated for patients with craniotomy or skull with metallic implants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case Presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a case with prolonged MCS over 1\u00a0year, who had severe brain damage, ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and cranioplasty with a titanium mesh, which was treated with tDCS which optimized with the simulation of the electric field based on the patient\u2019s brain MRI. The patient was resulting in emergence from MCS. Six months later, she ate meals orally and started walking with assistance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion and perspective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This personalized simulation based on MRI would make the treatment available even to patients with severe brain structural changes and metallic instrumentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07516-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T03:41:11Z","timestamp":1712634071000},"page":"3513-3516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimized trans-cranial direct current stimulation for prolonged consciousness disorder in a patient with titanium mesh cranioplasty"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sun","family":"Im","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geun-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5475-4153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7516_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30031-6","volume":"18","author":"A Thibaut","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thibaut A, Schiff N, Giacino J, Laureys S, Gosseries O (2019) Therapeutic interventions in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. Lancet Neurol 18:600\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30031-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"7516_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3016","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15974","volume":"30","author":"A Thibaut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thibaut A, Fregni F, Estraneo A, Fiorenza S, Noe E, Llorens R, Ferri J, Formisano R, Morone G, Bender A, Rosenfelder M, Lamberti G, Kodratyeva E, Kondratyev S, Legostaeva L, Suponeva N, Krewer C, Muller F, Dardenne N, Jedidi H, Laureys S, Gosseries O, Lejeune N, Martens G, Ibia D-S (2023) Sham-controlled randomized multicentre trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for prolonged disorders of consciousness. Eur J Neurol 30:3016\u20133031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15974","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"7516_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","volume":"85","author":"JT Giacino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Whyte J (2004) The JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:2020\u20132029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.033","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"7516_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.12786\/bn.2021.14.e9","volume":"14","author":"MH Ko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ko MH (2021) Safety of transcranial direct current stimulation in neurorehabilitation. Brain Neurorehabil 14:e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12786\/bn.2021.14.e9","journal-title":"Brain Neurorehabil"},{"key":"7516_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106472","volume":"153","author":"J Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee J, Lee M, Lee J, Kim REY, Lim SH, Kim D (2023) Fine-grained brain tissue segmentation for brain modeling of stroke patient. Comput Biol Med 153:106472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2022.106472","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"7516_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.10.010","volume":"47","author":"KE Nam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nam KE, Jo L, Jun SY, Sung WJ, Kim JS, Hong BY, Sul B, Lim SH (2018) Long-term effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on disability in patients with stroke. J Clin Neurosci 47:218\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.10.010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"7516_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.025","volume":"63","author":"YM Shon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shon YM, Lim SC, Lim SH (2019) Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on non-lesional focal refractory epilepsy. J Clin Neurosci 63:130\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.025","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"7516_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07233-7","volume":"9","author":"A Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu A, Voroslakos M, Kronberg G, Henin S, Krause MR, Huang Y, Opitz A, Mehta A, Pack CC, Krekelberg B, Berenyi A, Parra LC, Melloni L, Devinsky O, Buzsaki G (2018) Immediate neurophysiological effects of transcranial electrical stimulation. Nat Commun 9:5092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07233-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7516_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.04.252","volume":"52","author":"A Datta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Datta A, Bikson M, Fregni F (2010) Transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with skull defects and skull plates: high-resolution computational FEM study of factors altering cortical current flow. 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The study was performed in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and the subject\u2019s legal guardian provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}