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Some patients with therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis (AE) continue to be unresponsive to initial and secondary treatment regimens. A 32-year-old male presented with predominant psychiatric symptoms and seizures, along with imaging evidence indicating multifocal cerebral cortical involvement. Neural antibody testing revealed dual positivity for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibodies in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping revealed the presence of the DQB1*03:01 and DQB1*06:01 alleles in the patient. Treatment with efgartigimod, the FcRn inhibitor, led to significant clinical improvements accompanied by a significant decrease in both anti-NMDAR and anti-LGI1 antibody levels. Herein, we report a rare case of therapy-refractory anti-NMDAR AE coexisting with positive LGI1 antibodies. Efgartigimod demonstrates promising potential for treating antibody-mediated AE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Clinical trial number<\/jats:bold>\n                    Not applicable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07843-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T23:38:43Z","timestamp":1737070723000},"page":"1995-2005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Efgartigimod treatment for therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis with coexistent NMDAR and LGI1 antibodies: a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenli","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7322-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e207","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000207","volume":"3","author":"M Dogan Onugoren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dogan Onugoren M, Golombeck KS, Bien C, Abu-Tair M, Brand M, Bulla-Hellwig M et al (2016) Immunoadsorption therapy in autoimmune encephalitides. 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