{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:52:02Z","timestamp":1792504322583,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":228,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Since it first appeared, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant and lasting negative impact on the health and economies of millions of individuals all over the globe. At the level of individual health too, many patients are not recovering fully and experiencing a long-term condition now commonly termed \u2018long-COVID\u2019. Long-COVID is a collection of symptoms which must last more than 12 weeks following initial COVID infection, and which cannot be adequately explained by alternate diagnoses. The neurological and psychosocial impact of long-COVID is itself now a global health crisis and therefore preventing, diagnosing, and managing these patients is of paramount importance. This review focuses primarily on: neurological functioning deficits; mental health impacts; long-term mood problems; and associated psychosocial issues, among patients suffering from long-COVID with an eye towards the neurological basis of these symptoms. A concise account of the clinical relevance of the neurological and psychosocial impacts of long-COVID, the effects on long-term morbidity, and varied approaches in managing patients with significant chronic neurological symptoms and conditions was extracted from the literature, analysed and reported. A comprehensive account of plausible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of long-COVID, its management, and future research needs have been discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T21:59:30Z","timestamp":1731103170000},"page":"1-23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neurological, psychological, psychosocial complications of long-COVID and their management"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2980-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sareesh Naduvil","family":"Narayanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeshma","family":"Padiyath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnapriya","family":"Chandrababu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lima","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baby Chakrapani","family":"P. S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Abraham","family":"Ninan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajith","family":"Sivadasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Ryan","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Wa","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"7854_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO COVID-19 dashboard, Number of COVID-19 cases reported to WHO, https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/"},{"key":"7854_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00370-3","volume":"11","author":"SL Gorst","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorst SL, Seylanova N, Dodd SR et al (2023) Core outcome measurement instruments for use in clinical and research settings for adults with post-COVID-19 condition: an international Delphi consensus study. Lancet Respir Med 11:1101\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(23)00370-3","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7854_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11102458","volume":"11","author":"NR Tziolos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tziolos NR, Ioannou P, Baliou S, Kofteridis DP (2023) Long COVID-19 pathophysiology: what do we know so far? Microorganisms 11:2458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11102458","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"7854_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12648","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612648","volume":"24","author":"A Sfera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sfera A, Rahman L, Zapata-Mart\u00edn D, Campo CM, Kozlakidis Z (2023) Long COVID as a Tauopathy: of Brain Fog and Fusogen storms. Int J Mol Sci 24:12648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241612648","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12081106","volume":"12","author":"Z Shabani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shabani Z, Liu J, Su H (2023) Vascular dysfunctions contribute to the long-term cognitive deficits following COVID-19. Biology (Basel) 12:1106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology12081106","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"key":"7854_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01110-0","volume":"40","author":"Z Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Z, Wang H, Jiang S, Teng J, Zhou D, Chen Z, Wen C, Xu Z (2024) Brain Pathology in COVID-19: clinical manifestations and potential mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 40:383\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-023-01110-0","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"7854_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-021-00267-y","volume":"18","author":"C McQuaid","year":"2021","unstructured":"McQuaid C, Brady M, Deane R (2021) SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion? Fluids Barriers CNS 18:32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12987-021-00267-y","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"7854_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","volume":"26","author":"W Sungnak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sungnak W, Huang N, B\u00e9cavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera-L\u00f3pez C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F, Worlock KB, Yoshida M, Barnes JL, HCA Lung Biological Network (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med 26:681\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"7854_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siddiqui R, Mungroo MR, Khan NA (2021) SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the central nervous: a brief review. Hosp Pract (1995) 9:157\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21548331.2021.1887677","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2021.1887677"},{"key":"7854_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573095","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.573095","volume":"11","author":"R Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen R, Wang K, Yu J, Howard D, French L, Chen Z, Wen C, Xu Z (2021) The spatial and cell-type distribution of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the human and mouse brains. Front Neuro 11:573095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.573095","journal-title":"Front Neuro"},{"key":"7854_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","volume":"19","author":"P V\u2019kovski","year":"2021","unstructured":"V\u2019kovski P, Kratzel A, Steiner S, Stalder H, Thiel V (2021) Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2. Nat Rev Microbiol 19:155\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"7854_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20202135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20202135","volume":"218","author":"E Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song E, Zhang C, Israelow B, Lu-Culligan A et al (2021) Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain. J Exp Med 218:e20202135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20202135","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"7854_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","volume":"19","author":"J Matschke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matschke J, L\u00fctgehetmann M, Hagel C et al (2020) Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: a post-mortem case series. Lancet Neurol 19:919\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30308-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","volume":"24","author":"J Meinhardt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meinhardt J, Radke J, Dittmayer C et al (2021) Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as a port of central nervous system entry in individuals with COVID-19. Nat Neurosci 24:168\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00758-5","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00591-7","volume":"6","author":"L Jiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiao L, Yang Y, Yu W et al (2021) The olfactory route is a potential way for SARS-CoV-2 to invade the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys. Signal Transduct Target Ther 6:169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00591-7","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"7854_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-020-00647-z","volume":"22","author":"M Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lima M, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Liampas I, Mentis AA, Tsouris Z, Papadimitriou A, Mitsias PD, Tsatsakis A, Bogdanos DP, Baloyannis SJ, Dardiotis E (2020) Unraveling the possible routes of SARS-COV-2 Invasion into the Central Nervous System. Curr Treat Options Neurol 22:37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11940-020-00647-z","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","volume":"11","author":"AM Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H (2020) Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus Interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 11:995\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd2985","volume":"370","author":"L Cantuti-Castelvetri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Ojha R, Pedro LD et al (2020) Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity. Science 370:856\u2013860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abd2985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7854_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200273","volume":"4","author":"CM Rangon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rangon CM, Krantic S, Moyse E, Foug\u00e8re B (2020) The vagal autonomic pathway of COVID-19 at the crossroad of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Aging: a review of knowledge. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 4:537\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ADR-200273","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03831-6","volume":"12","author":"J Arany\u00f3","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arany\u00f3 J, Bazan V, Llad\u00f3s G et al (2022) Inappropriate sinus tachycardia in post-COVID-19 syndrome. Sci Rep 12:298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-03831-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694446","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.694446","volume":"15","author":"J Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu J, Wu Z, Zhang M, Liu S, Zhou L, Yang C, Liu C (2021) The role of the gastrointestinal system in Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2. Front Neurosci 15:694446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2021.694446","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab686","volume":"74","author":"JL Jacobs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacobs JL, Bain W, Naqvi A et al (2022) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viremia is Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and predicts clinical outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 74:1525\u20131533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab686","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7854_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148635","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI148635","volume":"131","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Schneider AM, Mehta A et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with distinct proteomic pathways and predicts COVID-19 outcomes. J Clin Invest 131:e148635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI148635","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7854_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25915","volume":"92","author":"A Paniz-Mondolfi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paniz-Mondolfi A, Bryce C, Grimes Z, Gordon RE, Reidy J, Lednicky J, Sordillo EM, Fowkes M (2020) Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). J Med Virol 92:699\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25915","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"7854_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00771-8","volume":"24","author":"EM Rhea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rhea EM, Logsdon AF, Hansen KM, Williams LM, Reed MJ, Baumann KK, Holden SJ, Raber J, Banks WA, Erickson MA (2021) The S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier in mice. Nat Neurosci 24:368\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-020-00771-8","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00719-9","volume":"6","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhou L, Bao L et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood-brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 6:337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-021-00719-9","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"7854_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689108400224","volume":"84","author":"MC Sharpe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sharpe MC, Archard LC, Banatvala JE et al (1991) A report\u2013chronic fatigue syndrome: guidelines for research. J R Soc Med 84:118\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107689108400224","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"7854_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marsters CM, Bakal JA, Lam GY, McAlister FA, Power C (2024) Increased frequency and mortality in persons with neurological disorders during COVID-19. Brain.awae117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awae117. PMID: 38641563","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae117"},{"key":"7854_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1712475114","volume":"114","author":"AL Komaroff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Komaroff AL (2017) Inflammation correlates with symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:8914\u20138916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1712475114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7854_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7150","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1710519114","volume":"114","author":"JG Montoya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montoya JG, Holmes TH, Anderson JN, Maecker HT, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Valencia IJ, Chu L, Younger JW, Tato CM, Davis MM (2017) Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E7150\u2013E7158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710519114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7854_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1400121","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400121","volume":"1","author":"M Hornig","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hornig M, Montoya JG, Klimas NG et al (2015) Distinct plasma immune signatures in ME\/CFS are present early in the course of illness. Sci Adv 1:e1400121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.1400121","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"7854_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00063","volume":"4","author":"AJ Ocon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ocon AJ (2013) Caught in the thickness of brain fog: exploring the cognitive symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Front Physiol 4:63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2013.00063","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"7854_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0139","volume":"32","author":"MH Samuels","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samuels MH, Bernstein LJ (2022) Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: what is it, how is it measured, and what can be done about it. Thyroid 32:752\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2022.0139","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"7854_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100668","volume":"55","author":"G Gava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gava G, Orsili I, Alvisi S, Mancini I, Seracchioli R, Meriggiola MC (2019) Cognition, Mood and Sleep in Menopausal Transition: the role of menopause hormone therapy. Med (Kaunas) 55:668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55100668","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"key":"7854_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13706","volume":"1","author":"GW Yelland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yelland GW (2017) Gluten-induced cognitive impairment (brain fog) in coeliac disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1:90\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13706","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"7854_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30701-5","volume":"20","author":"D Yelin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yelin D, Wirtheim E, Vetter P et al (2020) Long-term consequences of COVID-19: research needs. Lancet Infect Dis 20:1115\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30701-5","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7854_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215013272110418","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211041846","volume":"12","author":"MS Razai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Razai MS, Al-Bedaery R, Anand L, Fitch K, Okechukwu H, Saraki TM, Oakeshott P (2021) Patients\u2019 experiences of Long COVID in the Community and Recommendations for Improving Services: a Quality Improvement Survey. J Prim Care Community Health 12:21501327211041846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21501327211041846","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"key":"7854_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","volume":"35","author":"M Colonna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colonna M, Butovsky O (2017) Microglia function in the Central Nervous System during Health and Neurodegeneration. Annu Rev Immunol 35:441\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.05.004","volume":"94","author":"CS Subhramanyam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Subhramanyam CS, Wang C, Hu Q, Dheen ST (2019) Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 94:112\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2019.05.004","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"7854_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.11.005","volume":"25","author":"S Voet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Voet S, Prinz M, van Loo G (2019) Microglia in Central Nervous System inflammation and multiple sclerosis Pathology. Trends Mol Med 25:112\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.11.005","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"7854_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4320","volume":"175","author":"CS Jack","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jack CS, Arbour N, Manusow J, Montgrain V, Blain M, McCrea E, Shapiro A, Antel JP (2005) TLR signaling tailors innate immune responses in human microglia and astrocytes. J Immunol 175:4320\u20134330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.175.7.4320","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100127","volume":"7","author":"G Vargas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vargas G, Medeiros Geraldo LH, Gede\u00e3o Salom\u00e3o N, Viana Paes M, Regina Souza Lima F, Carvalho Alcantara Gomes F (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and glial cells: insights and perspectives. Brain Behav Immun Health 7:100127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100127","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"7854_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.04.002","volume":"42","author":"TC Theoharides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theoharides TC (2020a) Stress, inflammation, and autoimmunity: the 3 modern erinyes. Clin Ther 42:742\u2013744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2020.04.002","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"7854_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.007","volume":"125","author":"TC Theoharides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theoharides TC (2020b) The impact of psychological stress on mast cells. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 125:388\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.007","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420941476","volume":"26","author":"D Kempuraj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Thangavel R, Khan A, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A (2020) COVID-19, mast cells, Cytokine Storm, psychological stress, and Neuroinflammation. Neuroscientist 26:402\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858420941476","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"7854_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001","volume":"79","author":"E Hendriksen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hendriksen E, van Bergeijk D, Oosting RS, Redegeld FA (2017) Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 79:119\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"7854_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1159\/000443093","volume":"38","author":"X Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang Y, Dong H, Xu Y, Zhang S (2016) Induction of Microglial activation by Mediators released from mast cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 38:1520\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000443093","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"7854_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416687249","volume":"23","author":"SD Skaper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skaper SD, Facci L, Zusso M, Giusti P (2017) Neuroinflammation, mast cells, and Glia: dangerous liaisons. Neuroscientist 23:478\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858416687249","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"7854_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/61914","volume":"25","author":"YB Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Conti P (2016) The role of mast cells in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Adv Clin Exp Med 25:781\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17219\/acem\/61914","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"7854_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00054","volume":"13","author":"D Kempuraj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kempuraj D, Mentor S, Thangavel R et al (2019) Mast cells in stress, Pain, blood-brain barrier, Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 13:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2019.00054","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201709069","volume":"217","author":"DV Hansen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hansen DV, Hanson JE, Sheng M (2018) Microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Cell Biol 217:459\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.201709069","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"7854_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.007","volume":"125","author":"TC Theoharides","year":"2020","unstructured":"Theoharides TC (2020) The impact of psychological stress on mast cells. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 125:388\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2020.07.007","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2004.09.007","volume":"25","author":"TC Theoharides","year":"2004","unstructured":"Theoharides TC, Donelan JM, Papadopoulou N, Cao J, Kempuraj D, Conti P (2004) Mast cells as targets of corticotropin-releasing factor and related peptides. Trends Pharmacol Sci 25:563\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2004.09.007","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.2741\/2174","volume":"12","author":"TC Theoharides","year":"2007","unstructured":"Theoharides TC, Konstantinidou AD (2007) Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the blood-brain-barrier. Front Biosci 12:1615\u20131628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/2174","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"7854_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0110-z","volume":"7","author":"M Fiorentino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiorentino M, Sapone A, Senger S, Camhi SS, Kadzielski SM, Buie TM, Kelly DL, Cascella N, Fasano A (2016) Blood-brain barrier and intestinal epithelial barrier alterations in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Autism 7:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-016-0110-z","journal-title":"Mol Autism"},{"key":"7854_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.77.6.8263159","volume":"77","author":"G Mastorakos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP, Weber JS (1993) Recombinant interleukin-6 activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1690\u20131694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.77.6.8263159","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7854_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0805","volume":"145","author":"D Kempuraj","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kempuraj D, Papadopoulou NG, Lytinas M et al (2004) Corticotropin-releasing hormone and its structurally related urocortin are synthesized and secreted by human mast cells. Endocrinology 145:43\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2003-0805","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"7854_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2033369","volume":"384","author":"MH Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee MH, Perl DP, Nair G et al (2021) Microvascular Injury in the brains of patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 384:481\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2033369","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7854_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02025","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2025","volume":"11","author":"S Nazari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nazari S, Azari Jafari A, Mirmoeeni S et al (2021) Central nervous system manifestations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 11:e02025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/brb3.2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"7854_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30462-4","volume":"8","author":"M Taquet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ (2021) Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62\u2008354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry 8:130\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30462-4","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4017","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00725","volume":"11","author":"AM Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig AM (2020) Deleterious outcomes in long-hauler COVID-19: the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS in chronic COVID syndrome. ACS Chem Neurosci 11:4017\u20134020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00725","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120162","volume":"434","author":"L Premraj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Premraj L, Kannapadi NV, Briggs J, Seal SM, Battaglini D, Fanning J, Suen J, Robba C, Fraser J, Cho SM (2022) Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 434:120162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120162","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","volume":"397","author":"C Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y et al (2021) 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet 397:220\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7854_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.23736\/S0031-0808.21.04399-8","volume":"65","author":"R DE Lorenzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"DE Lorenzo R, Cinel E, Cilla M et al (2023) Physical and psychological sequelae at three months after acute illness in COVID-19 survivors. Panminerva Med 65:312\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0031-0808.21.04399-8","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"7854_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11290","volume":"23","author":"V Efstathiou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Efstathiou V, Stefanou MI, Demetriou M et al (2022) Long COVID and neuropsychiatric manifestations (review). Exp Ther Med 23:363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2022.11290","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"7854_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S344299","volume":"14","author":"S Scarpelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scarpelli S, Nadorff MR, Bjorvatn B et al (2022) Nightmares in people with COVID-19: did Coronavirus infect our dreams? Nat Sci Sleep 14:93\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S344299","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"7854_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.037","volume":"89","author":"MG Mazza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C et al (2020) Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain Behav Immun 89:594\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.037","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"7854_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-021-00454-w","volume":"28","author":"GEM Boari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boari GEM, Bonetti S, Braglia-Orlandini F et al (2021) Short-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2-Related Pneumonia: a follow up study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 28:373\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40292-021-00454-w","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"key":"7854_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.3331","volume":"325","author":"L Morin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Writing Committee for the COMEBAC Study Group, Morin L, Savale L, Pham T et al (2021) Four-Month Clinical Status of a cohort of patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. JAMA 325:1525\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.3331","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7854_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02003-7","volume":"19","author":"\u00c1 Romero-Duarte","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romero-Duarte \u00c1, Rivera-Izquierdo M, Guerrero-Fern\u00e1ndez de Alba I et al (2021) Sequelae, persistent symptomatology and outcomes after COVID-19 hospitalization: the ANCOHVID multicentre 6-month follow-up study. BMC Med 19:129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-021-02003-7","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"7854_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13284","volume":"290","author":"YF Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang YF, Liu T, Yu JN, Xu XR, Zahid KR, Wei YC, Wang XH, Zhou FL (2021) Half-year follow-up of patients recovering from severe COVID-19: analysis of symptoms and their risk factors. J Intern Med 290:444\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joim.13284","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"7854_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05586-4","volume":"42","author":"A Pilotto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pilotto A, Cristillo V, Cotti Piccinelli S et al (2021) Long-term neurological manifestations of COVID-19: prevalence and predictive factors. Neurol Sci 42:4903\u20134907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05586-4","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.06.022","volume":"83","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as C, G\u00f3mez-Mayordomo V, de-la-Llave-Rinc\u00f3n AI et al (2021) Anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality as long-term post-COVID sequelae in previously hospitalized patients: a multicenter study. J Infect 83:496\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.06.022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7854_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00084-5","volume":"8","author":"M Taquet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taquet M, Geddes JR, Husain M, Luciano S, Harrison PJ (2021) 6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Psychiatry 8:416\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00084-5","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00383-0","volume":"9","author":"RA Evans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Evans RA, McAuley H, Harrison EM et al (2021) Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK Multicentre, prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 9:1275\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00383-0","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"7854_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111535","volume":"175","author":"C Chinvararak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chinvararak C, Chalder T (2023) Prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with long COVID assessed by standardised questionnaires and diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 175:111535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111535","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"7854_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138389","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1138389","volume":"14","author":"M Marchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marchi M, Grenzi P, Serafini V, Capoccia F, Rossi F, Marrino P, Pingani L, Galeazzi GM, Ferrari S (2023) Psychiatric symptoms in Long-COVID patients: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry 14:1138389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1138389","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2021.1874056","volume":"35","author":"DM Whiteside","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whiteside DM, Oleynick V, Holker E, Waldron EJ, Porter J, Kasprzak M (2021) Neurocognitive deficits in severe COVID-19 infection: Case series and proposed model. Clin Neuropsychol 35:799\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2021.1874056","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"7854_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.12865\/CHSJ.47.04.17","volume":"47","author":"DG Gl\u0103van","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gl\u0103van DG, Gheorman V, Aldea M, Militaru F, Udri\u015ftoiu I (2021) The influence of Covid-19 infection on Neurocognitive disorders. Curr Health Sci J 47:590\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12865\/CHSJ.47.04.17","journal-title":"Curr Health Sci J"},{"key":"7854_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9613600","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9613600","volume":"2022","author":"A Nakamura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakamura A, Farrer TJ, Liu A (2022) Long-term sequelae in Young Convalescent COVID-19 patients. Case Rep Neurol Med 2022:9613600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/9613600","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"7854_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04478-7","volume":"27","author":"M Godoy-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Godoy-Gonz\u00e1lez M, Navarra-Ventura G, Gom\u00e0 G et al (2023) Objective and subjective cognition in survivors of COVID-19 one year after ICU discharge: the role of demographic, clinical, and emotional factors. Crit Care 27:188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04478-7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"7854_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11176-x","volume":"269","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-de-Las-Pe\u00f1as C, Mart\u00edn-Guerrero JD, Cancela-Cilleruelo I et al (2022) Exploring trajectory recovery curves of post-COVID cognitive symptoms in previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors: the LONG-COVID-EXP-CM multicenter study. J Neurol 269:4613\u20134617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11176-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01614-7","volume":"28","author":"N Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng N, Zhao YM, Yan W et al (2023) A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term physical and mental sequelae of COVID-19 pandemic: call for research priority and action. Mol Psychiatry 28:423\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-022-01614-7","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25398-6","volume":"12","author":"W Imoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imoto W, Yamada K, Kawai R et al (2022) A cross-sectional, multicenter survey of the prevalence and risk factors for long COVID. Sci Rep 12:22413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-25398-6","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.01.012","volume":"162","author":"ML Kieseler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kieseler ML, Duchaine B (2023) Persistent prosopagnosia following COVID-19. Cortex 162:56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2023.01.012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"7854_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325989","volume":"71","author":"Q Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Q, Mak JWY, Su Q et al (2022) Gut microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Gut 71:544\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325989","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"7854_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811276","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.811276","volume":"12","author":"L Gilio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gilio L, Galifi G, Centonze D, Stampanoni Bassi M (2022) Case Report: Overlap between Long COVID and Functional Neurological disorders. Front Neurol 12:811276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.811276","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13121611","volume":"13","author":"JWL Tavares-J\u00fanior","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tavares-J\u00fanior JWL, Oliveira DN, da Silva JBS et al (2023) Post-COVID-19 cognitive decline and apoe polymorphism: towards a possible link? Brain Sci 13:1611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13121611","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","volume":"623","author":"J Klein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Klein J, Wood J, Jaycox JR et al (2023) Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling. Nature 623:139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06651-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7854_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm2052","volume":"375","author":"S Spudich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spudich S, Nath A (2022) Nervous system consequences of COVID-19. Science 375:267\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abm2052","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7854_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-021-00933-8","volume":"13","author":"JF Fullard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fullard JF, Lee HC, Voloudakis G et al (2021) Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis of human brain immune response in patients with severe COVID-19. Genome Med 13:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-021-00933-8","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"7854_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031971","volume":"52","author":"LS McAlpine","year":"2021","unstructured":"McAlpine LS, Zubair AS, Maran I et al (2021) Ischemic stroke, inflammation, and Endotheliopathy in COVID-19 patients. Stroke 52:e233\u2013e238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031971","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"7854_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.002","volume":"54","author":"M Schwabenland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwabenland M, Sali\u00e9 H, Tanevski J et al (2021) Deep spatial profiling of human COVID-19 brains reveals neuroinflammation with distinct microanatomical microglia-T-cell interactions. Immunity 54:1594\u20131610e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.06.002","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"7854_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00111","volume":"12","author":"ME Boroujeni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boroujeni ME, Simani L, Bluyssen HAR et al (2021) Inflammatory response leads to neuronal death in human post-mortem cerebral cortex in patients with COVID-19. ACS Chem Neurosci 12:2143\u20132150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00111","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092262","volume":"10","author":"D Colombo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Colombo D, Falasca L, Marchioni L et al (2021) Neuropathology and inflammatory cell characterization in 10 autoptic COVID-19 brains. Cells 10:2262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10092262","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"7854_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac270","volume":"145","author":"AL Soung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soung AL, Vanderheiden A, Nordvig AS et al (2022) COVID-19 induces CNS cytokine expression and loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain 145:4193\u20134201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac270","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7854_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-022-01754-9","volume":"27","author":"AH Bayat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bayat AH, Azimi H, Hassani Moghaddam M et al (2022) COVID-19 causes neuronal degeneration and reduces neurogenesis in human hippocampus. Apoptosis 27:852\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-022-01754-9","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"7854_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Casta\u00f1eda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC et al (2022) Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation. Cell. 2022;185(14):2452\u20132468.e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008"},{"key":"7854_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00340","volume":"10","author":"MV Delpino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delpino MV, Quarleri J (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis: Imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system favors lung fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00340","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"7854_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-016-0217-7","volume":"8","author":"PG Kehoe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kehoe PG, Wong S, Al Mulhim N, Palmer LE, Miners JS (2016) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is reduced in Alzheimer\u2019s disease in association with increasing amyloid-\u03b2 and tau pathology. Alzheimers Res Ther 8:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-016-0217-7","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"7854_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30932-1","volume":"13","author":"M Charnley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Charnley M, Islam S, Bindra GK et al (2022) Neurotoxic amyloidogenic peptides in the proteome of SARS-COV2: potential implications for neurological symptoms in COVID-19. Nat Commun 13:3387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-30932-1","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7854_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12644","volume":"18","author":"L Crivelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crivelli L, Palmer K, Calandri I et al (2022) Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement 18:1047\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12644","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"7854_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269353","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269353","volume":"17","author":"HA Baseler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baseler HA, Aksoy M, Salawu A, Green A, Asghar AUR (2022) The negative impact of COVID-19 on working memory revealed using a rapid online quiz. PLoS ONE 17:e0269353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0269353","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7854_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","volume":"604","author":"G Douaud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F et al (2022) SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. Nature 604:697\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7854_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.011","volume":"97","author":"MA Fraser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraser MA, Walsh EI, Shaw ME, Abhayaratna WP, Anstey KJ, Sachdev PS, Cherbuin N (2021) Longitudinal trajectories of hippocampal volume in middle to older age community dwelling individuals. Neurobiol Aging 97:97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"7854_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28909","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28909","volume":"95","author":"M Rahmati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahmati M, Yon DK, Lee SW et al (2023) New-onset neurodegenerative diseases as long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 95:e28909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.28909","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"7854_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12488","volume":"18","author":"MN Gordon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gordon MN, Heneka MT, Le Page LM et al (2022) Impact of COVID-19 on the Onset and Progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and related dementias: a Roadmap for Future Research. Alzheimers Dement 18:1038\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12488","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"7854_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2029540","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.29540","volume":"3","author":"M Kennedy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kennedy M, Helfand BKI, Gou RY et al (2020) Delirium in older patients with COVID-19 presenting to the Emergency Department. JAMA Netw Open 3:e2029540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.29540","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"7854_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ (2023) Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol 21:133\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"7854_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a4129a","volume":"72","author":"TG Fong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fong TG, Jones RN, Shi P et al (2009) Delirium accelerates cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 72:1570\u20131575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a4129a","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7854_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11899-5","volume":"270","author":"C Pe\u00f1a-Bautista","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a-Bautista C, \u00c1lvarez-S\u00e1nchez L, Ferrer-Cairols I, Garc\u00eda-Vall\u00e9s L, Baquero M, Ch\u00e1fer-Peric\u00e1s C (2023) Assessment of COVID-19 lockdown effect on early Alzheimer Disease progression. J Neurol 270:4585\u20134592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11899-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703481","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.703481","volume":"12","author":"J Gan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gan J, Liu S, Wu H, Chen Z, Fei M, Xu J, Dou Y, Wang X, Ji Y (2021) The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and other dementias. Front Psychiatry 12:703481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.703481","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.072","volume":"81","author":"KH Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim KH, Yang S, Kim SH, Joo JY (2020) Elevation of ACE2 as a SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor gene expression in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Infect 81:e33\u2013e34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.072","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7854_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037","volume":"76","author":"P Verdecchia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verdecchia P, Cavallini C, Spanevello A, Angeli F (2020) The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur J Intern Med 76:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.037","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"7854_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04658","volume":"6","author":"R Sardar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sardar R, Satish D, Birla S, Gupta D (2020) Integrative analyses of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations reveal unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction, pathogenesis and clues for novel therapies. Heliyon 6:e04658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04658","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"7854_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2681-2","volume":"586","author":"JY Hur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hur JY, Frost GR, Wu X et al (2020) The innate immunity protein IFITM3 modulates \u03b3-secretase in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 586:735\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2681-2","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7854_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100243","volume":"14","author":"GD Vavougios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vavougios GD, Nday C, Pelidou SH, Gourgoulianis KI, Stamoulis G, Doskas T, Zarogiannis SG (2021) Outside-in induction of the IFITM3 trafficking system by infections, including SARS-CoV-2, in the pathobiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 14:100243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100243","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"7854_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02692-z","volume":"13","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen J, Lei Z, Zhang F, Zeng LH, Wu X, Li S, Tan J (2023) Amyloid precursor protein facilitates SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into cells and enhances amyloid-\u03b2-associated pathology in APP\/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl Psychiatry 13:396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02692-z","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202620666230202140612","volume":"20","author":"A Goyal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goyal A, Kushwah PS, Agrawal N, Pathak S (2023) APOE4: a culprit for the vulnerability of COVID-19 in Alzheimer\u2019s patients. Curr Neurovasc Res 20:162\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567202620666230202140612","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"7854_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8240","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1808-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"J Koenigsknecht-Talboo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koenigsknecht-Talboo J, Landreth GE (2005) Microglial phagocytosis induced by fibrillar beta-amyloid and IgGs are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. J Neurosci 25:8240\u20138249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1808-05.2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11030305","volume":"11","author":"M Ciaccio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ciaccio M, Lo Sasso B, Scazzone C, Gambino CM, Ciaccio AM, Bivona G, Piccoli T, Giglio RV, Agnello L (2021) COVID-19 and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Brain Sci 11:305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11030305","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.05.106","volume":"1022","author":"Y Wen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wen Y, Yang S, Liu R, Simpkins JW (2004) Transient cerebral ischemia induces site-specific hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Brain Res 1022:30\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.05.106","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"7854_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e294","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010977","volume":"96","author":"A Ed\u00e9n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ed\u00e9n A, Kanberg N, Gostner J et al (2021) CSF biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 and neurologic symptoms: a Case Series. Neurology 96:e294\u2013e300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010977","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7854_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1754","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010111","volume":"95","author":"N Kanberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanberg N, Ashton NJ, Andersson LM et al (2020) Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly found in COVID-19. Neurology 95:e1754\u2013e1759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010111","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7854_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14703","volume":"28","author":"J Virhammar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Virhammar J, N\u00e4\u00e4s A, F\u00e4llmar D et al (2021) Biomarkers for central nervous system injury in cerebrospinal fluid are elevated in COVID-19 and associated with neurological symptoms and disease severity. Eur J Neurol 28:3324\u20133331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14703","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-3-34","volume":"3","author":"L Devi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Devi L, Alldred MJ, Ginsberg SD, Ohno M (2010) Sex- and brain region-specific acceleration of \u03b2-amyloidogenesis following behavioral stress in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Brain 3:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-6606-3-34","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"7854_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3333-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"NJ Justice","year":"2015","unstructured":"Justice NJ, Huang L, Tian JB, Cole A, Pruski M, Hunt AJ Jr, Flores R, Zhu MX, Arenkiel BR, Zheng H (2015) Posttraumatic stress disorder-like induction elevates \u03b2-amyloid levels, which directly activates corticotropin-releasing factor neurons to exacerbate stress responses. J Neurosci 35:2612\u20132623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3333-14.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalamara E, Pataka A, Boutou A et al (2022) Persistent Sleep Quality Deterioration among Post-COVID-19 Patients: Results from a 6-Month Follow-Up Study. J Pers Med 12:1909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12111909","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111909"},{"key":"7854_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095606","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1095606","volume":"13","author":"R Tedjasukmana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tedjasukmana R, Budikayanti A, Islamiyah WR, Witjaksono AMAL, Hakim M (2023) Sleep disturbance in post COVID-19 conditions: prevalence and quality of life. Front Neurol 13:1095606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.1095606","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00450-z","volume":"17","author":"K Numbers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Numbers K, Brodaty H (2021) The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia. Nat Rev Neurol 17:69\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00450-z","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12953","volume":"7","author":"SM Papa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papa SM, Brundin P, Fung VSC, Kang UJ, Burn DJ, Colosimo C, Chiang HL, Alcalay RN, Trenkwalder C, MDS-Scientific Issues Committee (2020) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Movement disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 7:357\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mdc3.12953","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"7854_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2246","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx177","volume":"140","author":"LA Hoffman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoffman LA, Vilensky JA (2017) Encephalitis lethargica: 100 years after the epidemic. Brain 140:2246\u20132251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx177","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7854_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.09.003","volume":"33","author":"JC Felger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Felger JC, Miller AH (2012) Cytokine effects on the basal ganglia and dopamine function: the subcortical source of inflammatory malaise. Front Neuroendocrinol 33:315\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.09.003","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"7854_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25826","volume":"92","author":"S Nataf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nataf S (2020) An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. J Med Virol 92:1743\u20131744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25826","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"7854_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28084","volume":"35","author":"A Lippi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lippi A, Domingues R, Setz C, Outeiro TF, Krisko A (2020) SARS-CoV-2: at the crossroad between aging and neurodegeneration. Mov Disord 35:716\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28084","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7854_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28622","volume":"36","author":"V Leta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leta V, Rodr\u00edguez-Violante M, Abundes A et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: the Parkinson\u2019s Long-COVID Spectrum. Mov Disord 36:1287\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.28622","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7854_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e04409","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.4409","volume":"9","author":"AV Boika","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boika AV, Sialitski MM, Chyzhyk VA, Ponomarev VV, Fomina EG (2021) Post-COVID worsening of a Parkinson\u2019s disease patient. Clin Case Rep 9:e04409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ccr3.4409","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202249","volume":"10","author":"EG Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown EG, Chahine LM, Goldman SM, Korell M, Mann E, Kinel DR, Arnedo V, Marek KL, Tanner CM (2020) The Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 10:1365\u20131377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-202249","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"7854_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2013.00013","volume":"7","author":"EK Pissadaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pissadaki EK, Bolam JP (2013) The energy cost of action potential propagation in dopamine neurons: clues to susceptibility in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Comput Neurosci 7:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncom.2013.00013","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00004-0","volume":"88","author":"KU Tufekci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tufekci KU, Meuwissen R, Genc S, Genc K (2012) Inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 88:69\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00004-0","journal-title":"Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol"},{"key":"7854_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4152","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00445","volume":"11","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Vilekar P, Huang J, Weaver DF (2020) Furosemide as a probe molecule for the Treatment of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 11:4152\u20134168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00445","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001219","volume":"41","author":"L Rozenkrantz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rozenkrantz L, Kube T, Bernstein MH, Gabrieli JDE (2022) How beliefs about coronavirus disease (COVID) influence COVID-like symptoms? - a longitudinal study. Health Psychol 41:519\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0001219","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"7854_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022203","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1022203","volume":"13","author":"P Engelmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Engelmann P, L\u00f6we B, Brehm TT et al (2022) Risk factors for worsening of somatic symptom burden in a prospective cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 13:1022203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1022203","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"7854_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768211032850","volume":"114","author":"OL Aiyegbusi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aiyegbusi OL, Hughes SE, Turner G et al (2021) Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review. J R Soc Med 114:428\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01410768211032850","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"7854_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.10.003","volume":"56","author":"CC Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai CC, Hsu CK, Yen MY, Lee PI, Ko WC, Hsueh PR (2023) Long COVID: an inevitable sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 56:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2022.10.003","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"7854_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12980","volume":"16","author":"JH Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han JH, Womack KN, Tenforde MW et al (2022) Associations between persistent symptoms after mild COVID-19 and long-term health status, quality of life, and psychological distress. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 16:680\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12980","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"7854_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-04854-z","volume":"182","author":"I Shachar-Lavie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shachar-Lavie I, Shorer M, Segal H, Fennig S, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L (2023) Mental health among children with long COVID during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Pediatr 182:1793\u20131801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-023-04854-z","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"7854_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11123440","volume":"11","author":"G Jennings","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jennings G, Monaghan A, Xue F, Duggan E, Romero-Ortu\u00f1o R (2022) Comprehensive Clinical Characterisation of Brain fog in adults reporting long COVID symptoms. J Clin Med 11:3440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11123440","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7854_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050575","volume":"9","author":"G Orr\u00f9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orr\u00f9 G, Bertelloni D, Diolaiuti F, Mucci F, Di Giuseppe M, Biella M, Gemignani A, Ciacchini R, Conversano C (2021) Long-COVID syndrome? A study on the persistence of neurological, psychological and physiological symptoms. Healthc (Basel) 9:575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9050575","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"7854_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12020154","volume":"12","author":"A Di Stadio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Stadio A, Brenner MJ, De Luca P et al (2022) Olfactory dysfunction, Headache, and Mental Clouding in adults with Long-COVID-19: what is the link between Cognition and Olfaction? A cross-sectional study. Brain Sci 12:154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12020154","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2060.2022.00030","author":"Z Ocsovszky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ocsovszky Z, Otohal J, Ber\u00e9nyi B et al (2022) The associations of long-COVID symptoms, clinical characteristics and affective psychological constructs in a non-hospitalized cohort. Physiol Int 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2060.2022.00030","journal-title":"Physiol Int 16"},{"key":"7854_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725861","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.725861","volume":"12","author":"C Gouraud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gouraud C, Bottemanne H, Lahlou-Lafor\u00eat K et al (2021) Association between Psychological Distress, Cognitive complaints, and Neuropsychological Status after a severe COVID-19 episode: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 12:725861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.725861","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000647","volume":"34","author":"AM Henneghan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Henneghan AM, Lewis KA, Gill E, Franco-Rocha OY, Vela RD, Medick S, Kesler SR (2022) Describing cognitive function and psychosocial outcomes of COVID-19 survivors: a cross-sectional analysis. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 34:499\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JXX.0000000000000647","journal-title":"J Am Assoc Nurse Pract"},{"key":"7854_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3990","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11141-8","volume":"269","author":"M Calabria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calabria M, Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez C, Grunden N et al (2022) Post-COVID-19 fatigue: the contribution of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. J Neurol 269:3990\u20133999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11141-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0500","volume":"78","author":"M Boldrini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boldrini M, Canoll PD, Klein RS (2021) How COVID-19 affects the brain. JAMA Psychiatry 78:682\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.0500","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2019373","volume":"383","author":"IH Solomon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solomon IH, Normandin E, Bhattacharyya S et al (2020) Neuropathological features of Covid-19. N Engl J Med 383:989\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2019373","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7854_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920002175","volume":"27","author":"D De Berardis","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Berardis D (2022) How concerned should we be about neurotropism of SARS-Cov-2? A brief clinical consideration of the possible psychiatric implications. CNS Spectr 27:258\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1092852920002175","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"7854_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00260-7","volume":"9","author":"M Taquet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taquet M, Sillett R, Zhu L, Mendel J, Camplisson I, Dercon Q, Harrison PJ (2022) Neurological and psychiatric risk trajectories after SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 2-year retrospective cohort studies including 1\u2008284\u2008437 patients. Lancet Psychiatry 9:815\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(22)00260-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa205","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa205","volume":"2","author":"MS Woo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Woo MS, Malsy J, P\u00f6ttgen J et al (2020) Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19. Brain Commun 2:fcaa205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa205","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"7854_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.120","volume":"22","author":"J Keller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keller J, Gomez R, Williams G, Lembke A, Lazzeroni L, Murphy GM Jr, Schatzberg AF (2017) HPA axis in major depression: cortisol, clinical symptomatology and genetic variation predict cognition. Mol Psychiatry 22:527\u2013536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2016.120","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20723","volume":"19","author":"AH Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller AH (2020) Beyond depression: the expanding role of inflammation in psychiatric disorders. World Psychiatry 19:108\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20723","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-016-4214-0","volume":"233","author":"A Bhattacharya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhattacharya A, Derecki NC, Lovenberg TW, Drevets WC (2016) Role of neuro-immunological factors in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Psychopharmacology 233:1623\u20131636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-016-4214-0","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"7854_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i3.283","author":"SW Jeon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeon SW, Kim YK (2016) Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? World J Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v6.i3.283. 6:283\u2009\u2013\u200993","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"key":"7854_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.2040016.008","volume":"16","author":"SJ Rhie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rhie SJ, Jung EY, Shim I (2020) The role of neuroinflammation on pathogenesis of affective disorders. J Exerc Rehabil 16:2\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12965\/jer.2040016.008","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil"},{"key":"7854_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205019666220908084559","author":"C Tsagkaris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsagkaris C, Bilal M, Aktar I et al (2022) Cytokine storm and neuropathological alterations in patients with neurological manifestations of COVID-19. Curr Alzheimer Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205019666220908084559","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"7854_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2021.1887264","volume":"25","author":"G Uzunova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uzunova G, Pallanti S, Hollander E (2021) Presentation and management of anxiety in individuals with acute symptomatic or asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and in the post-COVID-19 recovery phase. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 25:115\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13651501.2021.1887264","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"7854_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01648","volume":"11","author":"S Bhaskar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhaskar S, Sinha A, Banach M, Mittoo S, Weissert R, Kass JS, Rajagopal S, Pai AR, Kutty S (2020) Cytokine storm in COVID-19-Immunopathological mechanisms, clinical considerations, and therapeutic approaches: the REPROGRAM Consortium position paper. Front Immunol 11:1648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01648","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943","volume":"83","author":"CA Simpson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simpson CA, Diaz-Arteche C, Eliby D, Schwartz OS, Simmons JG, Cowan CSM (2021) The gut microbiota in anxiety and depression - A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 83:101943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101943","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"7854_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","volume":"104","author":"HY Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang HY, Zhang X, Yu ZH, Zhang Z, Deng M, Zhao JH, Ruan B (2018) Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 104:130\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"7854_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527","volume":"90","author":"L Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xie P (2023) Gut microbiota and its metabolites in depression: from pathogenesis to treatment. EBioMedicine 90:104527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104527","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"7854_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24476","volume":"97","author":"JM Peirce","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peirce JM, Alvi\u00f1a K (2019) The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety. J Neurosci Res 97:1223\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.24476","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"7854_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.032","volume":"94","author":"Y Pu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pu Y, Tan Y, Qu Y, Chang L, Wang S, Wei Y, Wang X, Hashimoto K (2021) A role of the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in depression-like phenotypes in mice after fecal microbiota transplantation from Chrna7 knock-out mice with depression-like phenotypes. Brain Behav Immun 94:318\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.032","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"7854_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.038","volume":"15","author":"E Aizawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aizawa E, Tsuji H, Asahara T et al (2016) Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 15:202:254\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.038","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"7854_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7880448","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7880448","volume":"2021","author":"EM Sajdel-Sulkowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sajdel-Sulkowska EM (2021) Neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19: short-chain fatty acid Deficiency and Disturbance of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Signaling. Biomed Res Int 2021:7880448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/7880448","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"7854_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.05.013","volume":"6","author":"L Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang L, Gu S, Gong Y, Li B, Lu H, Li Q, Zhang R, Gao X, Wu Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li L (2020) Clinical significance of the correlation between changes in the Major Intestinal Bacteria Species and COVID-19 severity. Eng (Beijing) 6:1178\u20131184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2020.05.013","journal-title":"Eng (Beijing)"},{"key":"7854_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168921","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01689-21","volume":"10","author":"T Mizutani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mizutani T, Ishizaka A, Koga M et al (2022) Correlation analysis between gut microbiota alterations and the Cytokine response in patients with Coronavirus Disease during hospitalization. Microbiol Spectr 10:e0168921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/spectrum.01689-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"7854_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim HS (2021) Do an altered gut microbiota and an Associated Leaky Gut affect COVID-19 severity? mBio. 12:e03022\u2013e03020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.03022-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03022-20"},{"key":"7854_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-023-03813-y","volume":"20","author":"M Bartak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bartak M, B\u0105ska P, Chodkowski M, Tymi\u0144ska B, Ba\u0144bura MW, Cymerys J (2024) Neurons cytoskeletal architecture remodeling during the replication cycle of mouse coronavirus MHV-JHM: a morphological in vitro study. BMC Vet Res 20:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-023-03813-y","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"7854_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050816","volume":"12","author":"A Leng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leng A, Shah M, Ahmad SA, Premraj L, Wildi K, Li Bassi G, Pardo CA, Choi A, Cho SM (2023) Pathogenesis underlying neurological manifestations of long COVID syndrome and potential therapeutics. Cells 12:816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12050816","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"7854_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110538","volume":"149","author":"JJL Jacobs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobs JJL (2021) Persistent SARS-2 infections contribute to long COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 149:110538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2021.110538","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"7854_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8108","volume":"375","author":"M Merad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merad M, Blish CA, Sallusto F, Iwasaki A (2022) The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19. Science 375:1122\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abm8108","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7854_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13607","volume":"2","author":"DJ DiSabato","year":"2016","unstructured":"DiSabato DJ, Quan N, Godbout JP (2016) Neuroinflammation: the devil is in the details. J Neurochem 2:136\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13607","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"7854_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107385842311949","DOI":"10.1177\/10738584231194927","volume":"11","author":"D Kempuraj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kempuraj D, Aenlle KK, Cohen J et al (2023) COVID-19 and long COVID: disruption of the neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, and tight junctions. Neuroscientist 11:10738584231194927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10738584231194927","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"7854_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.022","volume":"93","author":"C Franke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Franke C, Ferse C, Kreye J et al (2021) High frequency of cerebrospinal fluid autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. Brain Behav Immun 93:415\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.022","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"7854_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-022-01786-2","volume":"24","author":"NL DePace","year":"2022","unstructured":"DePace NL, Colombo J (2022) Long-COVID syndrome and the Cardiovascular System: a review of Neurocardiologic effects on multiple systems. Curr Cardiol Rep 24:1711\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-022-01786-2","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-05084-3","volume":"48","author":"M Sollini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sollini M, Ciccarelli M, Cecconi M, Aghemo A, Morelli P, Gelardi F, Chiti A (2021) Vasculitis changes in COVID-19 survivors with persistent symptoms: an [18F]FDG-PET\/CT study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 48:1460\u20131466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00259-020-05084-3","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"7854_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15490","volume":"19","author":"H Fogarty","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fogarty H, Townsend L, Morrin H et al (2021) Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 19:2546\u20132553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jth.15490","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"7854_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9080957","volume":"9","author":"P Ambrosino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ambrosino P, Calcaterra I, Molino A et al (2021) Persistent endothelial dysfunction in Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a case-control study. Biomedicines 9:957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9080957","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"7854_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992384","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.992384","volume":"13","author":"H Jing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Liu L, Novakovic VA, Shi J (2022) Pathophysiological mechanisms of thrombosis in acute and long COVID-19. Front Immunol 13:992384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.992384","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac115","volume":"119","author":"M Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6si","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6si M, Alcaide P, Asselbergs FW et al (2023) Long COVID and the cardiovascular system-elucidating causes and cellular mechanisms in order to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a joint Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Groups on Cellular Biology of the Heart and Myocardial and Pericardial diseases. Cardiovasc Res 119:336\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvac115","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"7854_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iba T, Connors JM, Levy JH (2023) What role does Microthrombosis Play in Long COVID? https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1774795. Semin Thromb Hemost","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1774795"},{"key":"7854_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06358-1","volume":"48","author":"A Rahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahman A, Tabassum T, Araf Y, Al Nahid A, Ullah MA, Hosen MJ (2021) Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: pathomechanism and possible management strategy. Mol Biol Rep 48:3863\u20133869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11033-021-06358-1","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.006","volume":"110","author":"M Monje","year":"2022","unstructured":"Monje M, Iwasaki A (2022) The neurobiology of long COVID. Neuron 110:3484\u20133496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.006","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7854_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.013","volume":"186","author":"AC Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong AC, Devason AS, Umana IC et al (2023) Serotonin reduction in post-acute sequelae of viral infection. Cell 186:4851\u20134867e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2023.09.013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"7854_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5618","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065618","volume":"24","author":"M Mancini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancini M, Natoli S, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Pisani A (2023) Dopamine transmission imbalance in Neuroinflammation: perspectives on long-term COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 24:5618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065618","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031182","volume":"23","author":"A Caradonna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caradonna A, Patel T, Toleska M, Alabed S, Chang SL (2022) Meta-analysis of APP expression modulated by SARS-CoV-2 infection via the ACE2 receptor. Int J Mol Sci 23:1182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031182","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-021-10012-9","volume":"16","author":"RC Camacho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Camacho RC, Alabed S, Zhou H, Chang SL (2021) Network Meta-analysis on the changes of amyloid precursor protein expression following SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 16:756\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-021-10012-9","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"7854_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2020.10.003","volume":"12","author":"KA Overmyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Overmyer KA, Shishkova E, Miller IJ et al (2021) Large-scale multi-omic analysis of COVID-19 severity. Cell Syst 12:23\u201340e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cels.2020.10.003","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"7854_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8945","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c03925","volume":"144","author":"S Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m S, Hammarstr\u00f6m P (2022) Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. J Am Chem Soc 144:8945\u20138950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.2c03925","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"7854_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12558","volume":"18","author":"S Reiken","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reiken S, Sittenfeld L, Dridi H, Liu Y, Liu X, Marks AR (2022) Alzheimer\u2019s-like signaling in brains of COVID-19 patients. Alzheimers Dement 18:955\u2013965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12558","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"7854_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1080\/19336896.2022.2095185","volume":"16","author":"A Bernardini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bernardini A, Gigli GL, Janes F, Pellitteri G, Ciardi C, Fabris M, Valente M (2022) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after COVID-19: infection-induced prion protein misfolding? A case report. Prion 16:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19336896.2022.2095185","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"7854_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23179739","volume":"23","author":"DS Mysiris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mysiris DS, Vavougios GD, Karamichali E et al (2022) Post-COVID-19 parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis: the Exosomal Cargo Hypothesis. Int J Mol Sci 23:9739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23179739","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105715","volume":"168","author":"MG Savelieff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savelieff MG, Feldman EL, Stino AM (2022) Neurological sequela and disruption of neuron-glia homeostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neurobiol Dis 168:105715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105715","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"7854_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104784","volume":"96","author":"F Sauve","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sauve F, Nampoothiri S, Clarke SA et al (2023) Long-COVID cognitive impairments and reproductive hormone deficits in men may stem from GnRH neuronal death. EBioMedicine 96:104784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104784","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"7854_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03049-1","volume":"23","author":"TL Rothstein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rothstein TL (2023) Cortical Grey matter volume depletion links to neurological sequelae in post COVID-19 long haulers. BMC Neurol 23:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03049-1","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"7854_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.028","volume":"116","author":"B Besteher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Besteher B, Rockt\u00e4schel T, Garza AP et al (2024) Cortical thickness alterations and systemic inflammation define long-COVID patients with cognitive impairment. Brain Behav Immun 116:175\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.028","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"7854_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020","volume":"101","author":"F Ceban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW et al (2022) Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 101:93\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.12.020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"7854_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01086-z","volume":"12","author":"JX Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin JX, Agbana YL, Sun ZS, Fei SW, Zhao HQ, Zhou XN, Chen JH, Kassegne K (2023) Increased interleukin-6 is associated with long COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty 12:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-023-01086-z","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"key":"7854_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020672","volume":"23","author":"M Kopa\u0144ska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kopa\u0144ska M, Batoryna M, Bartman P, Szczygielski J, Bana\u015b-Z\u0105bczyk A (2022) Disorders of the Cholinergic System in COVID-19 Era-A review of the latest research. Int J Mol Sci 23:672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23020672","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102889","volume":"236","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldstein DS (2021) Stress and the extended autonomic system. Auton Neurosci 236:102889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2021.102889","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7854_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-020-00714-0","volume":"30","author":"DS Goldstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldstein DS (2020) The extended autonomic system, dyshomeostasis, and COVID-19. Clin Auton Res 30(4):299\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-020-00714-0","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"7854_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109133","volume":"245","author":"MP Yavropoulou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yavropoulou MP, Tsokos GC, Chrousos GP, Sfikakis PP (2022) Protracted stress-induced hypocortisolemia may account for the clinical and immune manifestations of long COVID. Clin Immunol 245:109133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109133","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"7854_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08176-w","volume":"69","author":"H Ashktorab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashktorab H, Challa SR, Singh G et al (2024) Gastrointestinal manifestations and their association with neurologic and sleep problems in long COVID-19 minority patients: a prospective Follow-Up study. Dig Dis Sci 69:562\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08176-w","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9577","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119577","volume":"24","author":"B Bicknell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bicknell B, Liebert A, Borody T, Herkes G, McLachlan C, Kiat H (2023) Neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: the potential of therapeutic targeting of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 24:9577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24119577","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7854_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.048","volume":"159","author":"T Zuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuo T, Zhang F, Lui GCY et al (2020) Alterations in gut microbiota of patients with COVID-19 during time of hospitalization. Gastroenterology 159:944\u2013955e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.05.048","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"7854_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115523","volume":"329","author":"Y Bi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bi Y, Xiao Y, Pan X, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Hu L (2023) Long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms in COVID-19 survivors and its risk factors: a two-year longitudinal cohort study. Psychiatry Res 329:115523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115523","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"7854_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14103","volume":"324","author":"HC Prescott","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prescott HC, Girard TD (2020) Recovery from severe COVID-19: leveraging the lessons of Survival from Sepsis. JAMA 324:739\u2013740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.14103","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7854_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2021675","volume":"15","author":"AA Hope","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hope AA, Johnson AA, McPeake J et al (2021) Establishing a peer support program for survivors of COVID-19: a Report from the critical and Acute Illness Recovery Organization. Am J Crit Care 15:e1\u2013e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2021675","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"7854_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc055","author":"M Biehl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biehl M, Sese D (2020) Post-intensive care syndrome and COVID-19 - implications post pandemic. Cleve Clin J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3949\/ccjm.87a.ccc055","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"7854_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.09.005","volume":"118","author":"P Pooladgar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pooladgar P, Sakhabakhsh M, Soleiman-Meigooni S, Taghva A, Nasiri M, Darazam IA (2023) The effect of donepezil hydrochloride on post-COVID memory impairment: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Neurosci 118:168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2023.09.005","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"7854_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e937094","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.937094","volume":"23","author":"UA Zifko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zifko UA, Yacob M, Braun BJ, Dietz GPH (2022) Alleviation of Post-COVID-19 cognitive deficits by treatment with EGb 761\u00ae: a Case Series. Am J Case Rep 23:e937094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/AJCR.937094","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2552","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11162552","volume":"11","author":"P De Luca","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Luca P, Camaioni A, Marra P, Salzano G, Carriere G, Ricciardi L, Pucci R, Montemurro N, Brenner MJ, Di Stadio A (2022) Effect of Ultra-micronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin on Olfaction and Memory in patients with long COVID: results of a longitudinal study. Cells 11:2552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11162552","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"7854_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e938732","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.938732","volume":"24","author":"CH Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang CH, Chen SJ, Chen YC, Tsai HC (2023) A 30-Year-old woman with an 8-Week history of anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, and mild cognitive impairment following COVID-19 who responded to accelerated bilateral Theta-Burst Transcranial magnetic stimulation over the Prefrontal Cortex. Am J Case Rep 24:e938732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/AJCR.938732","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"7854_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa064","volume":"7","author":"A Grover","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grover A, Oberoi M (2021) A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother 7:148\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa064","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"},{"key":"7854_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.002","volume":"35","author":"YF Chuang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chuang YF, Breitner JCS, Chiu YL et al (2014) Use of diuretics is associated with reduced risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the Cache County study. Neurobiol Aging 35:2429\u20132435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.002","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"7854_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000868","volume":"34","author":"PJ Tully","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tully PJ, Hanon O, Cosh S, Tzourio C (2016) Diuretic antihypertensive drugs and incident dementia risk: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of prospective studies. J Hypertens 34:1027\u20131035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000868","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"7854_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0272472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272472","volume":"18","author":"D Forshaw","year":"2023","unstructured":"Forshaw D, Wall EC, Prescott G et al (2023) STIMULATE-ICP: a pragmatic, multi-centre, cluster randomised trial of an integrated care pathway with a nested, phase III, open label, adaptive platform randomised drug trial in individuals with long COVID: a structured protocol. PLoS ONE 18:e0272472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0272472","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7854_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Narayanan SN, Shivappa P, Padiyath S, Bhaskar A, Li YW, Merghani TH (2022) The prevalence and pathophysiology of chemical sense disorder caused by the Novel Coronavirus. Front Public Health 10:839182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.839182. PMID: 35734755; PMCID: PMC9207763","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.839182"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T06:09:15Z","timestamp":1735884555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"references-count":228,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07854-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"The authors report no competing interests to declare.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}