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Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) was used to assess upper limb (UL) dysfunction; post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) was identified by Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA), Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Severity Scale (FEDSS), and Penetration\/Aspiration Scale (PAS). Results were analyzed by network meta-analysis (NMA), and the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were also reported. We conducted a descriptive analysis due to the inability to synthesize data on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>19 studies were included for NMA analysis. For UL disorder, the efficacy of treatments was ranked as HF-rTMS [MD (95%CI):3.00 (1.69,4.31)], iTBS [MD (95%CI): 2.16 (0.84, 3.50)], and sham stimulation (reference). For PSD, the efficacy of treatment to reduce scores of FEDSS or SSA were iTBS [FEDSS, MD (95%CI): -0.80 (-1.13, -0.47); SSA, MD (95%CI): -3.37 (-4.36, -2.38)], HF-rTMS [FEDSS, MD (95%CI): -0.43 (-0.76, -0.10); SSA, MD (95%CI): -2.62 (-3.91, -1.35)], and sham stimulation(reference). Descriptive analysis of PSCI found that both iTBS and HF-rTMS were effective in improving PSCI.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HF-rTMS demonstrates superior efficacy in UL dysfunction, while iTBS is more effective in PSD. Clinicians should carefully evaluate the type and severity of post-stroke dysfunction in each patient to select the most appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07918-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T02:51:13Z","timestamp":1734749473000},"page":"1525-1539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intermittent theta burst stimulation vs. high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-stroke dysfunction: a Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Yanbing","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongda","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2741-5728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianlai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7918_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","volume":"17","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Brainin M, Norrving B, Martins S, Sacco RL, Hacke W, Fisher M, Pandian J, Lindsay P (2022) World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2022. 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