{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:03:53Z","timestamp":1785416633048,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014803","name":"T\u00fcrk N\u00f6roloji Derne\u011fi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T11:20:15Z","timestamp":1734607215000},"page":"2159-2165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Botulinum toxin modulates the blink reflex via the trigeminal afferent system in hemifacial spasm: an early and late-term effect"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2914-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Kurtkaya Ko\u00e7ak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Bora Tok\u00e7aer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"7947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.4.418","volume":"34","author":"VK Nielsen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nielsen VK (1984) Pathophysiology of hemifacial spasm: I Ephaptic transmission and ectopic excitation. Neurology 34(4):418\u2013418","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9 Part 1","key":"7947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.9_Part_1.1261","volume":"29","author":"RG Auger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Auger RG (1979) Hemifacial spasm: clinical and electrophysiologic observations. Neurology 29(9 Part 1):1261\u20131261","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.02.004","volume":"127","author":"S Kameyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kameyama S et al (2016) Ephaptic transmission is the origin of the abnormal muscle response seen in hemifacial spasm. Clin Neurophysiol 127(5):2240\u20132245","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410040202","volume":"4","author":"JH Ferguson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ferguson JH (1978) Hemifacial spasm and the facial nucleus. Annals Neurol: Official J Am Neurological Assoc Child Neurol Soc 4(2):97\u2013103","journal-title":"Annals Neurol: Official J Am Neurological Assoc Child Neurol Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"7947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000125183.81555.E4","volume":"62","author":"K Ogawara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogawara K et al (2004) Trigeminal afferent input alters the excitability of facial motoneurons in hemifacial spasm. Neurology 62(10):1749\u20131752","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90025-3","volume":"101","author":"AR M\u00f8ller","year":"1991","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller AR (1991) Interaction between the blink reflex and the abnormal muscle response in patients with hemifacial spasm: results of intraoperative recordings. J Neurol Sci 101(1):114\u2013123","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100016644","volume":"41","author":"MF Wilkinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilkinson MF, Kaufmann AM (2014) Facial motor neuron excitability in hemifacial spasm: a facial MEP study. Can J Neurol Sci 41(2):239\u2013245","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"7947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.8.1061","volume":"39","author":"J Valls-Sole","year":"1989","unstructured":"Valls-Sole J, Tolosa ES (1989) Blink reflex excitability cycle in hemifacial spasm. Neurology 39(8):1061\u20131061","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"7947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10405","volume":"18","author":"G Pavesi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pavesi G et al (2003) Trigemino-facial inhibitory reflexes in idiopathic hemifacial spasm. Mov Disord 18(5):587\u2013592","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"7947_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23692","volume":"26","author":"TC Yaltho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaltho TC, Jankovic J (2011) The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms. Mov Disord 26(9):1582\u20131592","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-011-0762-y","volume":"119","author":"B Wabbels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wabbels B, Roggenk\u00e4mper P (2012) Botulinum toxin in hemifacial spasm: the challenge to assess the effect of treatment. J Neural Transm 119:963\u2013980","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"2","key":"7947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00151-2","volume":"152","author":"N Giladi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Giladi N (1997) The mechanism of action of botulinum toxin type A in focal dystonia is most probably through its dual effect on efferent (motor) and afferent pathways at the injected site. J Neurol Sci 152(2):132\u2013135","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"S8","key":"7947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20011","volume":"19","author":"A Curr\u00e0","year":"2004","unstructured":"Curr\u00e0 A et al (2004) Central effects of botulinum toxin type A: evidence and supposition. Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc 19(S8):S60\u2013S64","journal-title":"Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"7947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13110751","volume":"13","author":"S Luvisetto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luvisetto S (2021) Botulinum neurotoxins in central nervous system: An overview from animal models to human therapy. Toxins 13(11):751","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"14","key":"7947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1413","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012662","volume":"97","author":"O Samotus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samotus O, Chen R, Jog M (2021) Changes in cortical excitability and Parkinson tremor after botulinum toxin therapy. Neurology 97(14):e1413\u2013e1424","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2011.05.032","volume":"123","author":"FJ Palomar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palomar FJ, Mir P (2012) Neurophysiological changes after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin. Clin Neurophysiol 123(1):54\u201360","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"7947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000095965.36574.0F","volume":"61","author":"B Boroojerdi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boroojerdi B, Cohen LG, Hallett M (2003) Effects of botulinum toxin on motor system excitability in patients with writer\u2019s cramp. Neurology 61(11):1546\u20131550","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010021","volume":"11","author":"D Weise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weise D, Weise CM, Naumann M (2019) Central effects of botulinum neurotoxin\u2014evidence from human studies. Toxins 11(1):21","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414524633","volume":"21","author":"R Mazzocchio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazzocchio R, Caleo M (2015) More than at the neuromuscular synapse: actions of botulinum neurotoxin A in the central nervous system. Neuroscientist 21(1):44\u201361","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110107","volume":"11","author":"P Girlanda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Girlanda P et al (1996) Unilateral injection of botulinum toxin in blepharospasm: single fiber electromyography and blink reflex study. Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc 11(1):27\u201331","journal-title":"Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"7947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00143.x","volume":"7","author":"P Ce","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ce P (2000) Central effects of botulinum toxin: study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials. Eur J Neurol 7(6):747\u2013747","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00259-5","volume":"135","author":"M Behari","year":"1996","unstructured":"Behari M, Raju G (1996) Electrophysiological studies in patients with blepharospasm before and after botulinum toxin A therapy. J Neurol Sci 135(1):74\u201377","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"7947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02840.x","volume":"17","author":"A Conte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conte A et al (2010) Electrical activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle does not increase the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A in patients with blepharospasm. Eur J Neurol 17(3):449\u2013455","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7947_CR24","first-page":"859","volume":"16","author":"B Kim","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kim B, Lee W, Kim M (1998) Blink reflex in patients with hemifacial spasm before and after botulinum toxin treatment. Korean J Neurol 16(6):859\u2013865","journal-title":"Korean J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20653","volume":"21","author":"P Mir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mir P et al (2006) Alteration of central motor excitability in a patient with hemimasticatory spasm after treatment with botulinum toxin injections. Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc 21(1):73\u201378","journal-title":"Mov Disord: Official J Mov Disord Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"7947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1179\/174313209X431129","volume":"32","author":"M Ishikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ishikawa M et al (2010) Treatment with botulinum toxin improves the hyperexcitability of the facial motoneuron in patients with hemifacial spasm. Neurol Res 32(6):656\u2013660","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"7947_CR27","first-page":"9772","volume":"8","author":"B Peng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peng B et al (2015) Clinical and electrophysiological studies of botulinum toxin type A to treat hemifacial spasm complicated with auricular symptoms. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(6):9772","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"7947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307821","volume":"86","author":"G Ferrazzano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrazzano G et al (2015) Botulinum toxin and blink rate in patients with blepharospasm and increased blinking. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86(3):336\u2013340","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"7947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480140093009","volume":"21","author":"J Kimura","year":"1969","unstructured":"Kimura J, Powers JM, Van Allen MW (1969) Reflex response of orbicularis oculi muscle to supraorbital nerve stimulation: study in normal subjects and in peripheral facial paresis. Arch Neurol 21(2):193\u2013199","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"7947_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3185-1","volume":"39","author":"ME K\u0131z\u0131ltan","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u0131z\u0131ltan ME, Gunduz A (2018) Reorganization of sensory input at brainstem in hemifacial spasm and postparalytic facial syndrome. Neurol Sci 39:313\u2013319","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7947_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3948-05.2006","volume":"26","author":"A Quartarone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quartarone A et al (2006) Enhanced long-term potentiation-like plasticity of the trigeminal blink reflex circuit in blepharospasm. J Neurosci 26(2):716\u2013721","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"7947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880171207","volume":"17","author":"JA Hamjian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamjian JA, Walker FO (1994) Serial neurophysiological studies of intramuscular botulinum-A toxin in humans. Muscle Nerve: Official J Am Assoc Electrodiagnostic Med 17(12):1385\u20131392","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve: Official J Am Assoc Electrodiagnostic Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"7947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120627","volume":"12","author":"C Sampaio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sampaio C et al (1997) DYSBOT: a single-blind, randomized parallel study to determine whether any differences can be detected in the efficacy and tolerability of two formulations of botulinum toxin type A\u2014Dysport and Botox\u2014assuming a ratio of 4: 1. Mov Disord 12(6):1013\u20131018","journal-title":"Mov Disord"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T11:57:04Z","timestamp":1744804624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["7947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-024-07947-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committee and the Turkish Ministry of Health's Medical Devices Agency. All patients were informed about the research, and written consents were obtained before being included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}]}}