{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:39:26Z","timestamp":1787791166879,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dysphagia at time of diagnosis suggests atypical parkinsonism instead Parkinson\u00b4s disease (PD). Our aim was to analyze the frequency of dysphagia in patients with early PD comparing with a control group and to identify related factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with early PD (\u2264\u20092\u00a0years from symptoms onset) who were recruited from January\/2016 to November\/2017 (baseline visit; V0) and evaluated annually for 5\u00a0years from the Spanish cohort COPPADIS were included in this prospective study. Controls were assessed at baseline and at 2-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up. Dysphagia was defined as a score\u2009\u2265\u20091 in the item 20 of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dysphagia was more frequent at baseline in PD patients (19.6% [36\/184]; 62.3\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u00a0years old; 56.8% males) than in controls (5.3% [11\/206]; 60.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.3\u00a0years old; 50% males) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and in all visits as well (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). A worse quality of sleep (Parkinson\u00b4s Disease Sleep Scale; OR\u2009=\u20090.974; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), a greater impulse-control behavior (ICB) (Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale; OR\u2009=\u20091.066; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014), and non-motor symptoms burden (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; OR\u2009=\u20091.016; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021) were independent factors associated with dysphagia at baseline. In those subjects with dysphagia, no differences were observed between patients and controls in the mean NMSS-item 20 overtime, and it didn\u00b4t change throughout the follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dysphagia was frequent in early PD patients compared to controls. However, it was minor and did not progress over time. Sleep, ICB, and non-motor symptoms burden were related to dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:14:45Z","timestamp":1739952885000},"page":"2637-2653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Dysphagia in Parkinson\u00b4s disease. A 5-year follow-up study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Santos-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"de Deus Fonticoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Jes\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cosgaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Garc\u00eda Caldentey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Caballol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Legarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iria","family":"Cabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"L\u00f3pez Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Aramburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"\u00c1vila Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"G\u00f3mez Mayordomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Dotor Garc\u00eda-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Borru\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berta","family":"Solano Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"\u00c1lvarez Sauco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Cubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebenzui","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pare\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"S\u00e1nchez Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria G.","family":"Alonso Losada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"L\u00f3pez Ariztegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Gast\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Kulisevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Seijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caridad","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben","family":"Alonso Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Ord\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Men\u00e9ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darrian","family":"McAfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Martinez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"COPPADIS Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. D.","family":"Adarmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Almeria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Alonso Losada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Alonso C\u00e1novas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Alonso Frech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Alonso Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"\u00c1lvarez Sauco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Aneiros D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Arn\u00e1iz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ascunce Vidondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Bernardo Lambrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Bejr-Kasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Bot\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Borrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Buongiorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cabello Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Cabo L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Caballol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"C\u00e1mara Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Canfield Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Carabajal Pend\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Carrillo Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Clavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cortina Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cosgaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cots Foraster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Crespo Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"de Deus Fonticoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"de F\u00e1bregues-Boixar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"D\u00edez-Fairen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dotor Garc\u00eda-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Erro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Estelrich Peyret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Guill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"G\u00e1mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Garc\u00eda Caldentey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Garc\u00eda Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Garc\u00eda D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Garc\u00eda Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Gast\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"G\u00f3mez Garre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"G\u00f3mez Mayordomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Aloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Aramburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Ardura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Palm\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Golpe D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Grau Sol\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Guardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Horta-Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Idoate Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Infante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jes\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kulisevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kurtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Labandeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Labrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Lacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lage Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lastres G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Legarda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"L\u00f3pez Ariztegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"L\u00f3pez D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"L\u00f3pez Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"L\u00f3pez Manzanares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"L\u00f3pez Seoane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"del Lucas Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mart\u00ed Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Mart\u00ednez Castrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Martinez-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"McAfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. T.","family":"Meit\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Mendoza Plasencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Men\u00e9ndez Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"M\u00e9ndez del Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Miranda Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. I.","family":"Morales Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moreno Di\u00e9guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Muro Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Novo Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Novo Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Ord\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pagonabarraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Pare\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Pascual-Sedano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"P\u00e9rez Fuertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"P\u00e9rez Noguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Planas-Ballv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Planellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Prats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Prieto Jurczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pueyo Morlans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Puig Dav\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Redondo Rafales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rold\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ru\u00edz De Arcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Ru\u00edz Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"S\u00e1nchez Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Carpintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"S\u00e1nchez D\u00edez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"S\u00e1nchez Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Santacruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Santos Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Segundo Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Seijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sierra Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Solano Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Su\u00e1rez Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. P.","family":"Tartari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Valero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M et al (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30:1591\u20131601","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.11.006","volume":"18","author":"JG Kalf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalf JG, de Swart BJ, Bloem BR, Munneke M (2012) Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18:311\u2013315","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000527","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1000527","volume":"13","author":"S Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong S, Gao Y, Liu J et al (2022) The prevalence and associated factors of dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 13:1000527","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"8027_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202081","volume":"10","author":"I Claus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Claus I, Muhle P, Suttrup J et al (2020) Predictors of pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 10:1727\u20131735","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"8027_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10387-0","volume":"37","author":"P Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang P, Wang B, Chen X et al (2022) Six-year follow-up of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Dysphagia 37:1271\u20131278","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"8027_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.02.043","volume":"64","author":"M Fabbri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fabbri M, Coelho M, Abreu D et al (2019) Dysphagia predicts poor outcome in late-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 64:73\u201381","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21068","volume":"21","author":"CG Bachmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bachmann CG, Trenkwalder C (2006) Body weight in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 21:1824\u20131830","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"8027_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200099","volume":"23","author":"MA Volont\u00e9","year":"2002","unstructured":"Volont\u00e9 MA, Porta M, Comi G (2002) Clinical assessment of dysphagia in early phases of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol Sci 23(Suppl 2):S121\u2013S122","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8027_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214352","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214352","volume":"14","author":"S Polychronis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Polychronis S, Dervenoulas G, Yousaf T et al (2019) Dysphagia is associated with presynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction and greater non-motor symptom burden in early drug-na\u00efve Parkinson\u2019s patients. PLoS One 14:e0214352","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8027_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malek N, Lawton MA, Grosset KA et al; PRoBaND Clinical Consortium (2016) Autonomic dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease: results from the United Kingdom tracking Parkinson's study. Mov Disord Clin Pract 4:509\u201316","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12454"},{"key":"8027_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos Garc\u00eda D, Jes\u00fas S, Aguilar M, et al; COPPADIS Study Group (2019) COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015): an ongoing global Parkinson's disease project about disease progression with more than 1000 subjects included. Results from the baseline evaluation. Eur J Neurol 26:1399\u2013407","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14008"},{"key":"8027_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-Garc\u00eda D, Mir P, Cubo E, et al; COPPADIS Study Group (2016) COPPADIS-2015 (COhort of Patients with PArkinson's DIsease in Spain, 2015), a global--clinical evaluations, serum biomarkers, genetic studies and neuroimaging--prospective, multicenter, non-interventional, long-term study on Parkinson's disease progression. BMC Neurol 16:26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0548-9"},{"key":"8027_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55:181\u2013184","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8027_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21596","volume":"22","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Martinez-Martin P, Brown RG et al (2007) The metric properties of a novel non-motor symptoms scale for Parkinson\u2019s disease: Results from an international pilot study. Mov Disord 22:1901\u20131911","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR15","unstructured":"Fanhn S, Elton RL, Members of the UPDRS Development Committee (1987) Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Calne DB, Goldstein M (eds) Recent developments in Parkinson's disease, Vol 2. Macmillan Health Care Information, Florham Park, NJ, p-153\u201364"},{"key":"8027_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24023","volume":"27","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weintraub D, Mamikonyan E, Papay K, Shea JA, Xie SX, Siderowf A (2012) Questionnaire for impulsive-compulsive disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease-rating scale. Mov Disord 27:242\u2013247","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-Garc\u00eda D, de Deus Fonticoba T, Cores Bartolom\u00e9 C, et al; COPPADIS Study Group (2021) Depression is Associated with Impulse-compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson's disease. J Affect Disord 280(Pt B):77\u201389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.075"},{"key":"8027_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jost ST, Kaldenbach MA, Antonini A, et al; International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non-Motor Parkinson Disease Study Group (2023) Levodopa dose equivalency in Parkinson's disease: updated systematic review and proposals. Mov Disord 38:1236\u201352","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29410"},{"key":"8027_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827deb74","volume":"80","author":"TK Khoo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khoo TK, Yarnall AJ, Duncan GW, Coleman S, O\u2019Brien JT, Brooks DJ, Barker RA, Burn DJ (2013) The spectrum of nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 80:276\u2013281","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8027_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2023.38.e114","volume":"38","author":"S Cha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cha S, Chang WK, Cho HM et al (2023) Dysphagia requiring medical attention in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a Korean population-based study. J Korean Med Sci 38:e114","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"8027_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-019-0070-2","volume":"55","author":"OA Ragab","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ragab OA, Elheneedy YA, Bahnasy WS (2019) Non-motor symptoms in newly diagnosed Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg 55:24","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"key":"8027_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10681-7","volume":"39","author":"J Glinzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Glinzer J, Flynn \u00c9, Tampoukari E, Harpur I, Walshe M (2024) Dysphagia prevalence in progressive supranuclear palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dysphagia 39:1052\u20131064","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"8027_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116626","volume":"410","author":"M Marano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marano M, Gupta D, Motolese F et al (2020) Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated to the development of swallowing impairment in a cohort of early stage drug na\u00efve Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. J Neurol Sci 410:116626","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8027_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9671-9","volume":"31","author":"I Suttrup","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suttrup I, Warnecke T (2016) Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Dysphagia 31:24\u201332","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"8027_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5640","volume":"39","author":"IF Uludag","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uludag IF, Tiftikcioglu BI, Ertekin C (2016) Spontaneous swallowing during all-night sleep in patients with Parkinson disease in comparison with healthy control subjects. Sleep 39:847\u2013854","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"8027_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carneiro D, das Gra\u00e7as Wanderley de Sales Coriolano M, Belo LR, de Marcos Rabelo AR, Asano AG, Lins OG (2014) Quality of life related to swallowing in Parkinson's disease. Dysphagia 29:578\u201382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9548-3"},{"key":"8027_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.19048","volume":"12","author":"M Kwon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwon M, Lee JH (2019) Oro-pharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease and related movement disorders. J Mov Disord 12:152\u2013160","journal-title":"J Mov Disord"},{"key":"8027_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134313","volume":"707","author":"B Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu B, Luo W, Mo Y, Wei C, Tao R, Han M (2019) Meta-analysis of related factors of impulse control disorders in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 707:134313","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"8027_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.03.002","volume":"47","author":"F Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda F, Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia S, Alvarez-Moya EM, Granero R, Vallejo J, Bulik CM (2006) Impulse control disorders in eating disorders: clinical and therapeutic implications. Compr Psychiatry 47:482\u2013488","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"8027_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.018","volume":"77","author":"G Santangelo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santangelo G, Raimo S, Barone P (2017) The relationship between Impulse control disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 77:129\u2013147","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"8027_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315277","volume":"88","author":"A Antonini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonini A, Barone P, Bonuccelli U, Annoni K, Asgharnejad M, Stanzione P (2017) ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 88:317\u2013324","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T06:24:28Z","timestamp":1747376668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["8027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08027-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Diego Santos-Garc\u00eda has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, Italfarmaco, Teva, Arch\u00edmedes, Esteve, Stada, Merz, and grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PI16\/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (Concesi\u00f3n de subvenciones de Proyectos de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud de la convocatoria 2020 de la Acci\u00f3n Estrat\u00e9gica en Salud 2017\u20132020 por el proyecto \u201cPROGRESI\u00d3N NO MOTORA E IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA EN LA ENFERMEDAD DE PARKINSON\u201d). Teresa de Deus: None. Silvia Jes\u00fas has received honoraria from AbbVie,\u00a0Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and holds the competitive contract \"Juan Rod\u00e9s\" supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. She has received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PI18\/01898)\u00a0and\u00a0the Consejer\u00eda de Salud de la Junta de Andaluc\u00eda (PI-0459\u20132018). Marina Cosgaya: None. Juan Garc\u00eda Caldentey has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Qualigen, Nutricia, Abbvie, Italfarmaco, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Nuria Caballol has received honoraria from Bial, Italf\u00e1rmaco, Qualigen, Zambon, UCB, Teva and KRKA and sponsorship from Zambon, TEVA and Abbvie for attending medical conferences. Ines Legarda has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Jorge Hern\u00e1ndez Vara has received travel bursaries and educational grants from Abbvie and has received honoraria for educational presentations from Abbvie, Teva, Bial, Zambon, Italfarmaco, and Sanofi-Genzyme. Iria Cabo L\u00f3pez: has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial. Lydia L\u00f3pez Manzanares compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: AbbVie, Acorda, Bial, Intec Pharma, Italfarmaco, Pfizer, Roche, Teva, UCB, and Zambon. Isabel Gonz\u00e1lez Aramburu: None. Asunci\u00f3n \u00c1vila Rivera has received honoraria from Zambon, UCB Pharma, Qualigen, Bial, and Teva, and sponsorship from Zambon and Teva for attending conferences. V\u00edctor G\u00f3mez Mayordomo has received honoraria from Bial, Merz and Zambon for educational lectures. V\u00edctor Nogueira: None. Julio Dotor Garc\u00eda-Soto compensated advisory services, consulting, research grant support, or speaker honoraria: Merck, Sanofi-Genzyme, Allergan, Biogen, Roche, UCB and Novartis. Carmen Borru\u00e9-Fern\u00e1ndez: None. Berta Solano has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by UCB, Zambon, Teva, Abbvie, Bial. Mar\u00eda \u00c1lvarez Sauco has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Lydia Vela has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Sonia Escalante has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, Zambon, and Bial. Esther Cubo: Travel grants: Abbvie, Allergan, Boston; Lecturing honoraria: Abbvie, International Parkinson\u00b4s disease Movement Disorder Society. Zebenzui Mendoza: None. Isabel Pare\u00e9s has received honoraria as speaker in scientific meetings from Zambon, Abbvie, Bial, Exeltis Healthcare SL, Sociedad Extreme\u00f1a de Neurolog\u00eda, Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neurolog\u00eda and travel support for scientific meetings from Esteve. Pilar S\u00e1nchez Alonso has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Abbvie, UCB Pharma, Lundbeck, KRKA, Zambon, Bial, and Teva. Maria G. Alonso Losada has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service by Zambon and Bial. Nuria L\u00f3pez Ariztegui has received honoraria for educational presentations and advice service or travel grants by Abbvie, Italfarmaco, Stada, Lundbeck, UCB, Esteve, Abbott, Zambon, and Bial. Itziar Gast\u00f3n has received research support from Abbvie and Zambon and has served as a consultant for Abbvie, Exelts, and Zambon. Jaime Kulisevsky: (1) Consulting fees: Roche,\u00a0Zambon; (2) Stock \/\u00a0allotment: No; (3) Patent royalties \/ licensing fees: No; (4) Honoraria (e.g. lecture fees):\u00a0Zambon, Teva,\u00a0Bial, UCB; (5) Fees for promotional\u00a0materials: No; (6) Research funding: Roche,\u00a0Zambon, Ciberned; Instituto de\u00a0SaludCarlos III;\u00a0Fundaci\u00f3La\u00a0Marat\u00f3de TV3; (7) Scholarship from corporation: No; (8) Corporate laboratory funding: No; (9) Others (e.g. trips, travel, or gifts): No. Manuel Seijo has received honoraria for educational services from KRKA, UCB, Zambon, Bial; travel grants from\u00a0Daiichi and Roche. Caridad Valero has received honoraria for educational services from Zambon, Abbvie and UCB. Ruben Alonso Redondo: None. Maria Teresa Buongiorno: None. Carlos Ord\u00e1s: None. Manuel Men\u00e9ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez has received consulting honoraria from Eisai Spain and research grants from by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), and Fundaci\u00f3n Alimerka. Darrian McAfee: None. Pablo Martinez-Martin has received honoraria from the Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) for management of the COA International Program of the Society. Pablo Mir has received honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Allergan, Bial, Merz, UCB, and Zambon and have received grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [ PI16\/01575] co-founded by ISCIII (Subdirecci\u00f3n General de Evaluaci\u00f3n y Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n) and by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), the Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda, Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andaluc\u00eda [CVI-02526, CTS-7685], the Consejer\u00eda de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andaluc\u00eda [ PI-0437\u20132012, PI-0471\u20132013], the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurolog\u00eda, the Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, the Fundaci\u00f3n Alicia Koplowitz, the Fundaci\u00f3n Mutua Madrile\u00f1a.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial disclosures for the previous 12\u00a0months"}},{"value":"For this study, we received approval from the Comit\u00e9 de \u00c9tica de la Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica de Galicia from Spain (2014\/534; 02\/DEC\/2014). Written informed consents from all participants in this study were obtained. We confirm that we have read the Journal\u2019s position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines. The protocol and the statistical analysis plan are available on request. Deidentified participant data are not available for legal and ethical reasons.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical aspects"}},{"value":"For this study, the consent form and the approval can be found at .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent"}},{"value":"None.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}