{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:38:40Z","timestamp":1791941920052,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004769","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate the relationship of early neurological deterioration (END) with admission glycemia (aG) and new stress hyperglycemia indexes in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present retrospective study included 171 ICH patients from two stroke centers. END was defined as an increase \u2265 4 points in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and\/or a decrease \u2265 2 points in Glasgow Coma Scale within 72 hours from admission. The included stress hyperglycemia indexes were glycemic gap (GGAP), stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), and glucose-glycated hemoglobin ratio. GGAP was calculated as aG \u2013 28,7*glycated hemoglobin + 46,7; SHR as aG \/ (28,7*glycated hemoglobin \u2013 46,7); Glucose-glycated hemoglobin ratio as aG \/ glycated hemoglobin. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses for END. The receiver operating characteristic curves were built for END-related glycemic measures; area under curves (AUC) were calculated and compared. The optimized threshold values were calculated, and significant glycemic measures were dichotomized. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for the dichotomized measures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>END was present in 21 patients (12.3%) and was significantly associated with GGAP, SHR and glucose-glycated hemoglobin ratio, but not with aG. The AUC of the three stress hyperglycemia indexes did not differ significantly. The optimized cutoffs were 35.68 (sensitivity 0.47, specificity 0.81), 1.15 (sensitivity 0.62, specificity 0.68), and 26.67(sensitivity 0.43, specificity 0.80) for GGAP, SHR, and glucose-glycated hemoglobin ratio respectively. END was also associated with all stress hyperglycemia indexes expressed as categorical variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>GGAP, SHR, and glucose-glycated hemoglobin ratio were predictors of END in ICH patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T07:22:56Z","timestamp":1742368976000},"page":"3135-3145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stress hyperglycemia indexes and early neurological deterioration in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo Tiberio","family":"Curr\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Merlino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Moraru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fedra","family":"Kuris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Nesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ballante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"d\u2019Altilia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rascun\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Morotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Mazzacane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Cavallini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","volume":"8","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA et al (2009) Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol 8:355\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"8097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.04.028","volume":"284","author":"M Sykora","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sykora M, Diedler J, Turcani P et al (2009) Subacute perihematomal edema in intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with impaired blood pressure regulation. J Neurol Sci 284:108\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2009.04.028","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223349.97278.e0","volume":"67","author":"P Delgado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delgado P, \u00c1lvarez-Sab\u00edn J, Abilleira S et al (2006) Plasma D-dimer predicts poor outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 67:94\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223349.97278.e0","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12230-6","author":"W Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu W, Zhou J, Ma B, Fan C (2024) Predictors of early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12230-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00806-1","volume":"402","author":"L Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma L, Hu X, Song L et al (2023) The third intensive care bundle with blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT3): an international, stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet 402:27\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00806-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106871","volume":"208","author":"AY Dorn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dorn AY, Sun PY, Sanossian N et al (2021) Admission glycemic gap in the assessment of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 208:106871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106871","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"8097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-022-00985-x","volume":"13","author":"CD Nouh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nouh CD, Ray B, Xu C et al (2022) Quantitative analysis of stress-induced hyperglycemia and intracranial blood volumes for predicting mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 13:595\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-022-00985-x","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"8097_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15432","volume":"29","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Wang W, Li G et al (2022) Prognostic value of glycemic gap in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Eur J Neurol 29:2725\u20132733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15432","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"8097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105669","volume":"30","author":"E Zarean","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zarean E, Lattanzi S, Looha MA et al (2021) Glycemic gap predicts in-hospital mortality in diabetic patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 30:105669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105669","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"8097_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211070681","volume":"15","author":"H Chu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chu H, Huang C, Tang Y et al (2022) The stress hyperglycemia ratio predicts early hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 15:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17562864211070681","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"8097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01293-0","volume":"16","author":"S Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang S, Tian X, Gao F et al (2024) Prognostic significance of the stress hyperglycemia ratio and admission blood glucose in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Diabetol Metab Syndr 16:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01293-0","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"8097_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01303-1","volume":"16","author":"D Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen D, Cai X, Zhu Q et al (2024) Increased stress hyperglycemia ratio at hospital admission in stroke patients are associated with increased in-hospital mortality and length of stay. Diabetol Metab Syndr 16:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01303-1","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"8097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song X, Zhang J, Wang W et al (2023) Different indicators of stress-induced hyperglycemia and poor outcomes after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage short title: stress-induced hyperglycemia and ICH outcomes. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.06.19.23291632","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.19.23291632"},{"key":"8097_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52063","volume":"11","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang Q, Gu H et al (2024) Comparison of stress hyperglycemia ratio and glycemic gap on acute ICH in-hospital outcomes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 11:1492\u20131501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.52063","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"8097_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-022-02760-9","volume":"22","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Wang Y, Wang W et al (2022) Stress hyperglycemia is predictive of clinical outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. BMC Neurol 22:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-022-02760-9","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00747-y","volume":"32","author":"Xhua Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye Xhua, Cai X, li, Nie Dliang et al (2020) Stress-induced hyperglycemia and remote diffusion-weighted imaging lesions in primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 32:427\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00747-y","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"8097_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987320901616","volume":"5","author":"L Prats-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prats-S\u00e1nchez L, Guasch-Jim\u00e9nez M, Gich I et al (2020) Influence of time to admission to a comprehensive stroke centre on the outcome of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. Eur Stroke J 5:115\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2396987320901616","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"8097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.01.011","volume":"33","author":"X Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang X, Lu XM, Huang LF, Ye H (2012) Copeptin is associated with one-year mortality and functional outcome in patients with acute spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. Peptides (NY) 33:336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.01.011","journal-title":"Peptides (NY)"},{"key":"8097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182343387","volume":"77","author":"D Rodriguez-Luna","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Luna D, Rubiera M, Ribo M et al (2011) Ultraearly hematoma growth predicts poor outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 77:1599\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182343387","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8097_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-020-00845-6","volume":"12","author":"ZK Law","year":"2021","unstructured":"Law ZK, Dineen R, England TJ et al (2021) Predictors and outcomes of neurological deterioration in intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the TICH-2 randomized controlled trial. Transl Stroke Res 12:275\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-020-00845-6","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"key":"8097_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.11.020","volume":"19","author":"W Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun W, Peacock A, Becker J et al (2012) Correlation of leukocytosis with early neurological deterioration following supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 19:1096\u20131100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.11.020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40109-5","volume":"13","author":"SH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee SH, Sohn JH, Kim C et al (2023) Pre-stroke glycemic variability estimated by glycated albumin predicts hematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 13:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-40109-5","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"8097_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007704","volume":"46","author":"AS Lord","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lord AS, Gilmore E, Choi HA, Mayer SA (2015) Time course and predictors of neurological deterioration after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 46:647\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007704","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Specogna AV, Turin TC, Patten SB, Hill MD (2014) Factors associated with early deterioration after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0096743","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096743"},{"key":"8097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.8.653","volume":"55","author":"CL Franke","year":"1992","unstructured":"Franke CL, Van Swielen JC, Algra A, Van Gijn J (1992) Prognostic factors in patients with intracerebral haematoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55:653\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.55.8.653","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8097_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang F, Ren Y, Fu W et al (2019) Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and blood glucose level at admission in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Sci Rep 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-52214-5","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52214-5"},{"key":"8097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zheng J, Shi L, Liang F et al (2018) Sirt3 ameliorates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage in diabetic rats. Front Neurosci 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00414","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00414"},{"key":"8097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S257333","volume":"14","author":"F Liang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liang F, Wang J, Zhu X et al (2020) Melatonin alleviates neuronal damage after intracerebral hemorrhage in hyperglycemic rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 14:2573\u20132584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S257333","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"8097_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60553-5","volume":"373","author":"KM Dungan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dungan KM, Braithwaite SS, Preiser JC (2009) Stress hyperglycaemia. Lancet 373:1798\u20131807","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lehmann F, Schenk LM, Schneider M et al (2021) Predictive relevance of baseline lactate and glucose levels in patients with spontaneous deep-seated intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Sci 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11050633","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050633"},{"key":"8097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.675983","volume":"44","author":"C Chiu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chiu C, Di, Chen CCV, Shen CC et al (2013) Hyperglycemia exacerbates intracerebral hemorrhage via the downregulation of aquaporin-4: temporal assessment with magnetic resonance imaging. Stroke 44:1682\u20131689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.675983","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8097_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006372","volume":"46","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Hu Q, Manaenko A et al (2015) 17\u03b2-estradiol attenuates hematoma expansion through estrogen receptor \u0391\/silent information regulator 1\/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in hyperglycemic intracerebral hemorrhage mice. Stroke 46:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006372","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8097_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000088060.83709.2C","volume":"34","author":"EC Song","year":"2003","unstructured":"Song EC, Chu K, Jeong SW et al (2003) Hyperglycemia exacerbates brain edema and perihematomal cell death after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 34:2215\u20132220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000088060.83709.2C","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8097_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tao J, Hu Z, Lou F et al (2022) Higher stress hyperglycemia ratio is associated with a higher risk of stroke-associated pneumonia. Front Nutr 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.784114","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.784114"},{"key":"8097_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae051","author":"RD Barmanray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barmanray RD, Kyi M, Worth LJ et al (2024) Hyperglycemia in hospital: an independent marker of infection, acute kidney injury, and stroke for hospital inpatients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae051","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"8097_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wada S, Yoshimura S, Inoue M et al (2018) Outcome prediction in acute stroke patients by continuous glucose monitoring. J Am Heart Assoc 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.008744","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008744"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T04:45:59Z","timestamp":1749530759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08097-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The research was approved by the institutional review board of each center. Every patient or a legal representative provided a written informed consent to data collection and publication for research purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Andrea Morotti received consulting honoraria from EMG-REG International and AstraZeneca.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}