{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:41:15Z","timestamp":1792456875126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2314-B-002-300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2314-B-002-300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2320-B-002-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2320-B-002-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1741913210000},"page":"2965-2977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The interrelationship between intestinal immune cells and enteric \u03b1-synuclein in the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Yuan-Kai","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Sen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"8114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou Z, Pan J, Tang S, Duan D, Yu D, Nong H, Wang Z (2021) Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson\u2019s Disease in 204 Countries\/Territories From 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 9","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.776847"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14108","volume":"27","author":"R Balestrino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balestrino R, Schapira AHV (2020) Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 27(1):27\u201342","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"8114_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13593","volume":"139","author":"DG Hernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hernandez DG, Reed X, Singleton AB (2016) Genetics in Parkinson disease: Mendelian versus non-Mendelian inheritance. J Neurochem 139(S1):59\u201374","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"8114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.020","volume":"38","author":"TS Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan TS, Lin HI, Lin CH, Wu RM (2016) Lack of CHCHD2 mutations in Parkinson\u2019s disease in a Taiwanese population. Neurobiol Aging 38:218e1\u2013218e2","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"8114_CR5","first-page":"6465793","volume":"2016","author":"L Polito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polito L, Greco A, Seripa D (2016) Genetic profile, environmental exposure, and their interaction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsons Dis 2016:6465793","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"9996","key":"8114_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","volume":"386","author":"LV Kalia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalia LV, Lang AE (2015) Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet 386(9996):896\u2013912","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00007-1","volume":"14","author":"A Fasano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fasano A, Visanji NP, Liu LW, Lang AE, Pfeiffer RF (2015) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol 14(6):625\u2013639","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.22220","volume":"16","author":"AH Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan AH, Chuah KH, Beh YY, Schee JP, Mahadeva S, Lim SY (2023) Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Neuro-Gastroenterology perspectives on a multifaceted problem. J Mov Disorders 16(2):138\u2013151","journal-title":"J Mov Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"8114_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.09.026","volume":"20","author":"C-H Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin C-H, Lin J-W, Liu Y-C, Chang C-H, Wu R-M (2014) Risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease following severe constipation: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(12):1371\u20131375","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr119","volume":"174","author":"X Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A (2011) A prospective study of bowel movement frequency and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Am J Epidemiol 174(5):546\u2013551","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.3.456","volume":"57","author":"RD Abbott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, White LR, Masaki KH, Tanner CM, Curb JD, Grandinetti A, Blanchette PL, Popper JS, Ross GW (2001) Frequency of bowel movements and the future risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 57(3):456","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.05.016","volume":"28","author":"E Svensson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Svensson E, Henderson VW, Borghammer P, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, S\u00f8rensen HT (2016) Constipation and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A Danish population-based cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 28:18\u201322","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"21","key":"8114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34af5","volume":"73","author":"R Savica","year":"2009","unstructured":"Savica R, Carlin JM, Grossardt BR, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE, Maraganore DM, Bharucha AE, Rocca WA (2009) Medical records Documentation of constipation preceding Parkinson disease. Neurology 73(21):1752","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"8114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028032","volume":"6","author":"CB Forsyth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Forsyth CB, Shannon KM, Kordower JH, Voigt RM, Shaikh M, Jaglin JA, Estes JD, Dodiya HB, Keshavarzian A (2011) Increased intestinal permeability correlates with sigmoid mucosa alpha-Synuclein staining and endotoxin exposure markers in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE 6(12):e28032","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0196-0","volume":"3","author":"T Clairembault","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clairembault T, Leclair-Visonneau L, Coron E, Bourreille A, Le Dily S, Vavasseur F, Heymann M-F, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P (2015) Structural alterations of the intestinal epithelial barrier in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 3(1):12","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"8114_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.09.007","volume":"50","author":"D Devos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Devos D, Lebouvier T, Lardeux B, Biraud M, Rouaud T, Pouclet H, Coron E, Bruley des Varannes S, Naveilhan P, Nguyen J-M, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P (2013) Colonic inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 50:42\u201348","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"8114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.022","volume":"50","author":"A Schwiertz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwiertz A, Spiegel J, Dillmann U, Grundmann D, B\u00fcrmann J, Fa\u00dfbender K, Sch\u00e4fer K-H, Unger MM (2018) Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability are elevated in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 50:104\u2013107","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-002-0808-2","volume":"110","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak H, Rub U, Gai WP, Del Tredici K (2003) Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: possible routes by which vulnerable neuronal types May be subject to neuroinvasion by an unknown pathogen. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 110(5):517\u2013536","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"8114_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202481","volume":"11","author":"P Borghammer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borghammer P (2021) The \u03b1-Synuclein origin and connectome model (SOC model) of Parkinson\u2019s disease: explaining motor asymmetry, Non-Motor phenotypes, and cognitive decline. J Parkinson\u2019s Disease 11:455\u2013474","journal-title":"J Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02633-6","volume":"130","author":"P Borghammer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borghammer P (2023) The brain-first vs. body-first model of Parkinson\u2019s disease with comparison to alternative models. J Neural Transm 130(6):737\u2013753","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.11.012","volume":"396","author":"H Braak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braak H, de Vos RAI, Bohl J, Del Tredici K (2006) Gastric \u03b1-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in Meissner\u2019s and Auerbach\u2019s plexuses in cases staged for Parkinson\u2019s disease-related brain pathology. Neurosci Lett 396(1):67\u201372","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-016-0408-2","volume":"5","author":"M Barrenschee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barrenschee M, Zorenkov D, B\u00f6ttner M, Lange C, Cossais F, Scharf AB, Deuschl G, Schneider SA, Ellrichmann M, Fritscher-Ravens A, Wedel T (2017) Distinct pattern of enteric phospho-alpha-synuclein aggregates and gene expression profiles in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 5(1):1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"8114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan F, Chen Y, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen X, Ye Q (2018) Gastrointestinal nervous system \u03b1-synuclein as a potential biomarker of Parkinson disease. Medicine 97(28)","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011337"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25298","volume":"28","author":"A Gold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gold A, Turkalp ZT, Munoz DG (2013) Enteric alpha-synuclein expression is increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease but not Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 28(2):237\u2013241","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1214-6","volume":"127","author":"D Hilton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hilton D, Stephens M, Kirk L, Edwards P, Potter R, Zajicek J, Broughton E, Hagan H, Carroll C (2014) Accumulation of \u03b1-synuclein in the bowel of patients in the pre-clinical phase of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol 127(2):235\u2013241","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24648","volume":"79","author":"MG Stokholm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stokholm MG, Danielsen EH, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Borghammer P (2016) Pathological \u03b1-synuclein in Gastrointestinal tissues from prodromal Parkinson disease patients. Ann Neurol 79(6):940\u2013949","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25020","volume":"27","author":"KM Shannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shannon KM, Keshavarzian A, Dodiya HB, Jakate S, Kordower JH (2012) Is alpha-synuclein in the colon a biomarker for premotor Parkinson\u2019s disease?? Evidence from 3 cases. Mov Disord 27(6):716\u2013719","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","volume":"14","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Mechelli A, Natale G, Volpicelli-Daley L, Di Lazzaro G, Ghiglieri V (2023) Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 14(3):176","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26473","volume":"31","author":"SJ Chung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chung SJ, Kim J, Lee HJ, Ryu H-S, Kim K, Lee JH, Jung KW, Kim MJ, Kim M-J, Kim YJ, Yun S-C, Lee J-Y, Hong S-M, Myung S-J (2016) Alpha-synuclein in gastric and colonic mucosa in Parkinson\u2019s disease: limited role as a biomarker. Mov Disord 31(2):241\u2013249","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"8114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25779","volume":"29","author":"MT Gray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gray MT, Munoz DG, Gray DA, Schlossmacher MG, Woulfe JM (2014) Alpha-synuclein in the appendiceal mucosa of neurologically intact subjects. Mov Disord 29(8):991\u2013998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"465","key":"8114_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaar5280","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aar5280","volume":"10","author":"BA Killinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Killinger BA, Madaj Z, Sikora JW, Rey N, Haas AJ, Vepa Y, Lindqvist D, Chen H, Thomas PM, Brundin P, Brundin L, Labrie V (2018) The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Transl Med 10(465):eaar5280","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"8114_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu B, Fang F, Pedersen NL, Tillander A, Ludvigsson J, Ekbom FA, Svenningsson P, Chen H, Wirdefeldt K (2017) Vagotomy and Parkinson disease, Neurology 88(21) 1996","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003961"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24448","volume":"78","author":"E Svensson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Svensson E, Horv\u00e1th-Puh\u00f3 E, Thomsen RW, Djurhuus JC, Pedersen L, Borghammer P, S\u00f8rensen HT (2015) Vagotomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 78(4):522\u2013529","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1343-6","volume":"128","author":"S Holmqvist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holmqvist S, Chutna O, Bousset L, Aldrin-Kirk P, Li W, Bj\u00f6rklund T, Wang Z-Y, Roybon L, Melki R, Li J-Y (2014) Direct evidence of Parkinson pathology spread from the Gastrointestinal tract to the brain in rats. Acta Neuropathol 128(6):805\u2013820","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0257-5","volume":"13","author":"N Uemura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Uemura N, Yagi H, Uemura MT, Hatanaka Y, Yamakado H, Takahashi R (2018) Inoculation of \u03b1-synuclein preformed fibrils into the mouse Gastrointestinal tract induces lewy body-like aggregates in the brainstem via the vagus nerve. Mol Neurodegeneration 13(1):21","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegeneration"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02040-w","volume":"138","author":"N Van Den Berge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Den Berge N, Ferreira N, Gram H, Mikkelsen TW, Alstrup AKO, Casadei N, Tsung-Pin P, Riess O, Nyengaard JR, Tamg\u00fcney G, Jensen PH, Borghammer P (2019) Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats. Acta Neuropathol 138(4):535\u2013550","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8114_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2019.134651","volume":"716","author":"N Uemura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Uemura N, Yagi H, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R (2020) Limited spread of pathology within the brainstem of \u03b1-synuclein BAC Transgenic mice inoculated with preformed fibrils into the Gastrointestinal tract. Neurosci Lett 716:134651","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.05.035","volume":"103","author":"S Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim S, Kwon SH, Kam TI, Panicker N, Karuppagounder SS, Lee S, Lee JH, Kim WR, Kook M, Foss CA, Shen C, Lee H, Kulkarni S, Pasricha PJ, Lee G, Pomper MG, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ko HS (2019) Transneuronal propagation of pathologic alpha-Synuclein from the gut to the brain models Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuron 103(4):627\u2013641 e7","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8114_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-019-0146-z","volume":"8","author":"L Rota","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rota L, Pellegrini C, Benvenuti L, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Blandizzi C, Cattaneo A, Colla E (2019) Constipation, deficit in colon contractions and alpha-synuclein inclusions within the colon precede motor abnormalities and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system in a mouse model of alpha-synucleinopathy. Transl Neurodegener 8:5","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"9","key":"8114_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq038","volume":"19","author":"Y-M Kuo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuo Y-M, Li Z, Jiao Y, Gaborit N, Pani AK, Orrison BM, Bruneau BG, Giasson BI, Smeyne RJ, Gershon MD, Nussbaum RL (2010) Extensive enteric nervous system abnormalities in mice Transgenic for artificial chromosomes containing Parkinson disease-associated \u03b1-synuclein gene mutations precede central nervous system changes. Hum Mol Genet 19(9):1633\u20131650","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"8114_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.01.008","volume":"112","author":"FP Manfredsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manfredsson FP, Luk KC, Benskey MJ, Gezer A, Garcia J, Kuhn NC, Sandoval IM, Patterson JR, O\u2019Mara A, Yonkers R, Kordower JH (2018) Induction of alpha-synuclein pathology in the enteric nervous system of the rat and non-human primate results in Gastrointestinal dysmotility and transient CNS pathology. Neurobiol Dis 112:106\u2013118","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0589-7","volume":"23","author":"C Challis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Challis C, Hori A, Sampson TR, Yoo BB, Challis RC, Hamilton AM, Mazmanian SK, Volpicelli-Daley LA, Gradinaru V (2020) Gut-seeded alpha-synuclein fibrils promote gut dysfunction and brain pathology specifically in aged mice. Nat Neurosci 23(3):327\u2013336","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"8114_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12728","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012728","volume":"5","author":"T Lebouvier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lebouvier T, Neunlist M, Bruley des Varannes S, Coron E, Drouard A, N\u2019Guyen J-M, Chaumette T, Tasselli M, Paillusson S, Flamand M, Galmiche J-P, Damier P, Derkinderen P (2010) Colonic biopsies to assess the neuropathology of Parkinson\u2019s disease and its relationship with symptoms. PLoS ONE 5(9):e12728","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1040-2","volume":"124","author":"DM Annerino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Annerino DM, Arshad S, Taylor GM, Adler CH, Beach TG, Greene JG (2012) Parkinson\u2019s disease is not associated with Gastrointestinal myenteric ganglion neuron loss. Acta Neuropathol 124(5):665\u2013680","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8114_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-140422","volume":"4","author":"A-G Corbill\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corbill\u00e9 A-G, Coron E, Neunlist M, Derkinderen P, Lebouvier T (2014) Appraisal of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic innervation of the submucosal plexus in PD. J Parkinson\u2019s Disease 4:571\u2013576","journal-title":"J Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12995","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12995","volume":"29","author":"F Giancola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giancola F, Torresan F, Repossi R, Bianco F, Latorre R, Ioannou A, Guarino M, Volta U, Clavenzani P, Mazzoni M, Chiocchetti R, Bazzoli F, Travagli RA, Sternini C, De Giorgio R (2017) Downregulation of neuronal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in Parkinson\u2019s disease and chronic constipation. Neurogastroenterology Motil 29(5):e12995","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterology Motil"},{"issue":"8979","key":"8114_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92707-7","volume":"346","author":"C Singaram","year":"1995","unstructured":"Singaram C, Gaumnitz EA, Torbey C, Ashraf W, Quigley EMM, Sengupta A, Pfeiffer R (1995) Dopaminergic defect of enteric nervous system in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with chronic constipation. Lancet 346(8979):861\u2013864","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8114_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lebouvier T, Chaumette T, Damier P, Coron E, Touchefeu Y, Vrignaud S, Naveilhan P, Galmiche JP, Varannes SB, Derkinderen P, Neunlist M (eds) (2008) Pathological lesions in colonic biopsies during Parkinson\u2019s disease, Gut 57(12) 1741","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.162503"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-223262","volume":"12","author":"C O\u2019Day","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Day C, Finkelstein DI, Diwakarla S, McQuade RM (2022) A critical analysis of intestinal enteric neuron loss and constipation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinsons Dis 12(6):1841\u20131861","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33117","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33117","volume":"6","author":"AS Baumuratov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baumuratov AS, Antony PMA, Ostaszewski M, He F, Salamanca L, Antunes L, Weber J, Longhino L, Derkinderen P, Koopman WJH, Diederich NJ (2016) Enteric neurons from Parkinson\u2019s disease patients display ex vivo aberrations in mitochondrial structure. Sci Rep 6(1):33117","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-016-0358-6","volume":"26","author":"M Arnhold","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arnhold M, Dening Y, Chopin M, Ar\u00e9valo E, Schwarz M, Reichmann H, Gille G, Funk RHW (2016) Pan-Montojo, changes in the sympathetic innervation of the gut in rotenone treated mice as possible early biomarker for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Clin Auton Res 26(3):211\u2013222","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"8114_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaffernicht G, Shang Q, Stievenard A, B\u00f6tzel K, Dening Y, Kempe R, Toussaint M, G\u00fcndel D, Kranz M, Reichmann H, Vanbesien-Mailliot C, Brust P, Dieterich M, Funk RHW, Ravens U, Pan-Montojo F (2021) Pathophysiological Changes in the Enteric Nervous System of Rotenone-Exposed Mice as Early Radiological Markers for Parkinson\u2019s Disease, Frontiers in Neurology 12","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.642604"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","volume":"167","author":"TR Sampson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sampson TR, Debelius JW, Thron T, Janssen S, Shastri GG, Ilhan ZE, Challis C, Schretter CE, Rocha S, Gradinaru V, Chesselet M-F, Keshavarzian A, Shannon KM, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Wittung-Stafshede P, Knight R (2016) Mazmanian, gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell 167(6):1469\u20131480e12","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8114_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.03.014","volume":"135","author":"T Sampson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sampson T (2020) The impact of Indigenous microbes on Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 135:104426","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"8114_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2017.04.019","volume":"1667","author":"F Hopfner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hopfner F, K\u00fcnstner A, M\u00fcller SH, K\u00fcnzel S, Zeuner KE, Margraf NG, Deuschl G, Baines JF, Kuhlenb\u00e4umer G (2017) Gut microbiota in Parkinson disease in a Northern German cohort. Brain Res 1667:41\u201345","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"8114_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26307","volume":"30","author":"A Keshavarzian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keshavarzian A, Green SJ, Engen PA, Voigt RM, Naqib A, Forsyth CB, Mutlu E, Shannon KM (2015) Colonic bacterial composition in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 30(10):1351\u20131360","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26942","volume":"32","author":"EM Hill-Burns","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hill-Burns EM, Debelius JW, Morton JT, Wissemann WT, Lewis MR, Wallen ZD, Peddada SD, Factor SA, Molho E, Zabetian CP, Knight R, Payami H (2017) Parkinson\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut Microbiome. Mov Disord 32(5):739\u2013749","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"8114_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0142164","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142164","volume":"10","author":"S Hasegawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasegawa S, Goto S, Tsuji H, Okuno T, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Shibata A, Fujisawa Y, Minato T, Okamoto A, Ohno K, Hirayama M (2015) Intestinal dysbiosis and Lowered serum Lipopolysaccharide-Binding protein in Parkinson\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE 10(11):e0142164","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27581","volume":"34","author":"M Barichella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barichella M, Severgnini M, Cilia R, Cassani E, Bolliri C, Caronni S, Ferri V, Cancello R, Ceccarani C, Faierman S, Pinelli G, De Bellis G, Zecca L, Cereda E, Consolandi C, Pezzoli G (2019) Unraveling gut microbiota in Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism. Mov Disord 34(3):396\u2013405","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8114_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019","volume":"32","author":"MM Unger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann K-U, Grundmann D, Philippeit H, B\u00fcrmann J, Fa\u00dfbender K, Schwiertz A, Sch\u00e4fer K-H (2016) Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 32:66\u201372","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26069","volume":"30","author":"F Scheperjans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scheperjans F, Aho V, Pereira PAB, Koskinen K, Paulin L, Pekkonen E, Haapaniemi E, Kaakkola S, Eerola-Rautio J, Pohja M, Kinnunen E, Murros K, Auvinen P (2015) Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson\u2019s disease and clinical phenotype. Mov Disord 30(3):350\u2013358","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00156-z","volume":"7","author":"S Romano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romano S, Savva GM, Bedarf JR, Charles IG, Hildebrand F, Narbad A (2021) Meta-analysis of the Parkinson\u2019s disease gut Microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 7(1):27","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-0112-6","volume":"6","author":"ZD Wallen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallen ZD, Appah M, Dean MN, Sesler CL, Factor SA, Molho E, Zabetian CP, Standaert DG, Payami H (2020) Characterizing dysbiosis of gut Microbiome in PD: evidence for overabundance of opportunistic pathogens. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 6(1):11","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-017-0428-y","volume":"9","author":"JR Bedarf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bedarf JR, Hildebrand F, Coelho LP, Sunagawa S, Bahram M, Goeser F, Bork P, W\u00fcllner U (2017) Functional implications of microbial and viral gut metagenome changes in early stage L-DOPA-na\u00efve Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Genome Med 9(1):39","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"8114_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.007","volume":"53","author":"A Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin A, Zheng W, He Y, Tang W, Wei X, He R, Huang W, Su Y, Huang Y, Zhou H, Xie H (2018) Gut microbiota in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease in Southern China. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 53:82\u201388","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"8114_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e848","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013225","volume":"98","author":"S-J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S-J, Chen C-C, Liao H-Y, Lin Y-T, Wu Y-W, Liou J-M, Wu M-S, Kuo C-H, Lin C-H (2022) Association of fecal and plasma levels of Short-Chain fatty acids with gut microbiota and clinical severity in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology 98(8):e848","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00427-6","volume":"16","author":"VTE Aho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aho VTE, Houser MC, Pereira PAB, Chang J, Rudi K, Paulin L, Hertzberg V, Auvinen P, Tansey MG, Scheperjans F (2021) Relationships of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, inflammation, and the gut barrier in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegeneration 16(1):6","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"8114_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.P. Segain, D.R.d.l. Bl\u00e9ti\u00e8re, A. Bourreille, V. Leray, N. Gervois, C. Rosales,L. Ferrier, C. Bonnet, H.M. Blotti\u00e8re, J.P. Galmiche, Butyrate inhibits inflammatory responses through NF\u03baB inhibition: implications for Crohn\u2019s disease, Gut 47(3) (2000) 397","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.3.397"},{"issue":"9","key":"8114_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy182","volume":"24","author":"L Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou L, Zhang M, Wang Y, Dorfman RG, Liu H, Yu T, Chen X, Tang D, Xu L, Yin Y, Pan Y, Zhou Q, Zhou Y, Yu C (2018) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii produces butyrate to maintain Th17\/Treg balance and to ameliorate colorectal colitis by inhibiting histone deacetylase 1. Inflamm Bowel Dis 24(9):1926\u20131940","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"8114_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recharla N, Geesala R, Shi X-Z (2023) Gut microbial metabolite butyrate and its therapeutic role in inflammatory bowel disease. A Literature Review, Nutrients","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202304.0501.v1"},{"key":"8114_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.02.008","volume":"50","author":"A Camacho-Soto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camacho-Soto A, Gross A, Searles Nielsen S, Dey N, Racette BA (2018) Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in medicare beneficiaries. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 50:23\u201328","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00318-7","volume":"8","author":"D Freuer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freuer D, Meisinger C (2022) Association between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease: A Mendelian randomization study. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 8(1):55","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e025574","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-025574","volume":"9","author":"R Javier Pinel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javier Pinel R, Carlos Javier Madrid N, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rez N, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 T, Cabello V, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Pi\u00f1a A, V\u00edctor Campos G, Mar\u00eda Rosario G\u00f3mez C, Adolfo M\u00ednguez S (2019) Francisco Escamilla, association of Parkinson\u2019s disease and treatment with aminosalicylates in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study in a Spain drug dispensation records. BMJ Open 9(6):e025574","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"8114_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0605","volume":"75","author":"I Peter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peter I, Dubinsky M, Bressman S, Park A, Lu C, Chen N, Wang A (2018) Anti-Tumor necrosis factor therapy and incidence of Parkinson disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. JAMA Neurol 75(8):939\u2013946","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2017-315666","volume":"68","author":"M Villumsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villumsen M, Aznar S, Pakkenberg B, Jess T, Brudek T (2019) Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a Danish nationwide cohort study 1977\u20132014. Gut 68(1):18","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy190","volume":"25","author":"P Weimers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weimers P, Halfvarson J, Sachs MC, Saunders-Pullman R, Ludvigsson JF, Peter I, Burisch J, Ol\u00e9n O (2019) Inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease: A nationwide Swedish cohort study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 25(1):111\u2013123","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000735","volume":"22","author":"J-C Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin J-C, Lin C-S, Hsu C-W, Lin C-L, Kao C-H (2016) Association between Parkinson\u2019s disease and inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide Taiwanese retrospective cohort study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22(5):1049\u20131055","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"8114_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park S, Kim J, Chun J, Han K, Soh H, Kang EA, Lee HJ, Im JP, Kim JS (2019) Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at an increased risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease: A South Korean nationwide Population-Based study. J Clin Med","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081191"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2018.09.017","volume":"51","author":"F Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu F, Li C, Gong J, Zhu W, Gu L, Li N (2019) The risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Disease 51(1):38\u201342","journal-title":"Dig Liver Disease"},{"key":"8114_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Yuan M, Liu Y, Yang F, Chen W-Z, Xu Z-Z, Xiang Z-B, Xu R-S (2022) Association between inflammatory bowel diseases and Parkinson\u2019s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regeneration Res 17(2)","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.317981"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06879.x","volume":"114","author":"RF Villar\u00e1n","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villar\u00e1n RF, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Sarmiento M, De Pablos RM, Arg\u00fcelles S, Delgado-Cort\u00e9s MJ, Sobrino V, Van Rooijen N, Venero JL, Herrera AJ, Cano J, Machado A (2010) Ulcerative colitis exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced damage to the nigral dopaminergic system: potential risk factor in Parkinson`s disease. J Neurochem 114(6):1687\u20131700","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"8114_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grathwohl S, Quansah E, Maroof N, Steiner JA, Spycher L, Benmansour F, Duran-Pacheco G, Siebourg-Polster J, Oroszlan-Szovik K, Remy H, Haenggi M, Stawiski M, Selhausen M, Mailver P, Wolfert A, Emrich T, Madaj Z, Su A, Escobar Galvis ML, Mueller C, Herrmann A, Brundin P, Britschgi M (2021) Specific immune modulation of experimental colitis drives enteric alpha-synuclein accumulation and triggers age-related Parkinson-like brain pathology. Free Neuropathol 2","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-100199\/v1"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-019-08539-5","volume":"21","author":"Y Kishimoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kishimoto Y, Zhu W, Hosoda W, Sen JM, Mattson MP (2019) Chronic mild gut inflammation accelerates brain neuropathology and motor dysfunction in \u03b1-Synuclein mutant mice. Neuromol Med 21(3):239\u2013249","journal-title":"Neuromol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01910-2","volume":"28","author":"EH Ahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahn EH, Liu X, Alam AM, Kang SS, Ye K (2023) Helicobacter hepaticus augmentation triggers dopaminergic degeneration and motor disorders in mice with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Psychiatry 28(3):1337\u20131350","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12962","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12962","volume":"50","author":"AM Espinosa-Oliva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Espinosa-Oliva AM, Ruiz R, Soto MS, Boza-Serrano A, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Roca-Ceballos MA, Garc\u00eda-Revilla J, Santiago M, Serres S, Economopoulus V, Carvajal AE, V\u00e1zquez-Carretero MD, Garc\u00eda-Miranda P, Klementieva O, Oliva-Mart\u00edn MJ, Deierborg T, Rivas E, Sibson NR, Labandeira-Garc\u00eda JL, Machado A, Peral MJ, Herrera AJ, Venero JL (2024) De Pablos, inflammatory bowel disease induces pathological \u03b1-synuclein aggregation in the human gut and brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 50(1):e12962","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00263-x","volume":"8","author":"C Pellegrini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pellegrini C, D\u2019Antongiovanni V, Miraglia F, Rota L, Benvenuti L, Di Salvo C, Testa G, Capsoni S, Carta G, Antonioli L, Cattaneo A, Blandizzi C, Colla E, Fornai M (2022) Enteric \u03b1-synuclein impairs intestinal epithelial barrier through caspase-1-inflammasome signaling in Parkinson\u2019s disease before brain pathology. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 8(1):9","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01150-2","volume":"45","author":"Z-x Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Z-x, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Zhang L, Liu Y-f, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhou C (2024) -w. Gao, N.-x. Zhang, L.-y. Feng, addition of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates to the intestinal environment recapitulates parkinsonian symptoms in model systems. Acta Pharmacol Sin 45(1):36\u201351","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"10","key":"8114_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2019.03.001","volume":"1867","author":"S Mehra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehra S, Sahay S (2019) Maji, \u03b1-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation: implications in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis, biochimica et biophysica acta (BBA) -. Proteins Proteom 1867(10):890\u2013908","journal-title":"Proteins Proteom"},{"key":"8114_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102713","volume":"124","author":"M Hemed-Shaked","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hemed-Shaked M, Cowman MK, Kim JR, Huang X, Chau E, Ovadia H, Amar K-O, Eshkar-Sebban L, Melamed M, Lev LB, Kedar E, Armengol J, Alemany J, Beyth S, Okon E, Kanduc D, Elgavish S, Wallach-Dayan SB, Cohen SJ, Naor D (2021) MTADV 5-MER peptide suppresses chronic inflammations as well as autoimmune pathologies and unveils a new potential target-Serum amyloid A. J Autoimmun 124:102713","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"7660","key":"8114_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22815","volume":"546","author":"D Sulzer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sulzer D, Alcalay RN, Garretti F, Cote L, Kanter E, Agin-Liebes J, Liong C, McMurtrey C, Hildebrand WH, Mao X, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Oseroff C, Pham J, Sidney J, Dillon MB, Carpenter C, Weiskopf D, Phillips E, Mallal S, Peters B, Frazier A (2017) Lindestam Arlehamn, A. Sette, T cells from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease recognize \u03b1-synuclein peptides. Nature 546(7660):656\u2013661","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8114_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105654","volume":"166","author":"A Kasen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kasen A, Houck C, Burmeister AR, Sha Q, Brundin L, Brundin P (2022) Upregulation of \u03b1-synuclein following immune activation: possible trigger of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 166:105654","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"8114_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0469","volume":"74","author":"A Witoelar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Witoelar A, Jansen IE, Wang Y, Desikan RS, Gibbs JR, Blauwendraat C, Thompson WK, Hernandez DG, Djurovic S, Schork AJ, Bettella F, Ellinghaus D, Franke A, Lie BA, McEvoy LK, Karlsen TH, Lesage S, Morris HR, Brice A, Wood NW, Heutink P, Hardy J, Singleton AB, Dale AM, Gasser T, Andreassen OA, Sharma M (2017) N.A.B.E.C. For the international Parkinson\u2019s disease genomics consortium, I. United Kingdom brain expression consortium, Genome-wide Pleiotropy between Parkinson disease and autoimmune diseases. JAMA Neurol 74(7):780\u2013792","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt465","volume":"23","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nalls MA, Saad M, Noyce AJ, Keller MF, Schrag A, Bestwick JP, Traynor BJ, Gibbs JR, Hernandez DG, Cookson MR, Morris HR, Williams N, Gasser T, Heutink P, Wood N, Hardy J, Martinez M, Singleton AB, T.W.T.C. (2014) T.W.T.C.C.C.N.A.B.E.C. for the international Parkinson\u2019s disease genomics consortium, C. the united Kingdom brain expression, genetic comorbidities in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Hum Mol Genet 23(3):831\u2013841.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"423","key":"8114_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaai7795","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aai7795","volume":"10","author":"KY Hui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hui KY, Fernandez-Hernandez H, Hu J, Schaffner A, Pankratz N, Hsu N-Y, Chuang L-S, Carmi S, Villaverde N, Li X, Rivas M, Levine Adam P, Bao X, Labrias Philippe R, Haritunians T, Ruane D, Gettler K, Chen E, Li D, Schiff Elena R, Pontikos N, Barzilai N, Brant Steven R, Bressman S, Cheifetz Adam S, Clark Lorraine N, Daly Mark J, Desnick Robert J, Duerr Richard H, Katz S, Lencz T, Myers Richard H, Ostrer H, Ozelius L, Payami H, Peter Y, Rioux John D, Segal Anthony W, Scott William K, Silverberg Mark S, Vance M, Jeffery I, Ubarretxena-Belandia T, Foroud G, Atzmon I, Pe\u2019er Y, Ioannou PB, McGovern Dermot Z, Yue E, Schadt Eric H (2018) Cho Judy, I. Peter, functional variants in the LRRK2 gene confer shared effects on risk for Crohn\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Transl Med 10(423):eaai7795","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00170-1","volume":"7","author":"MK Herrick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herrick MK, Tansey MG (2021) Is LRRK2 the missing link between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease? Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 7(1):26","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26529","volume":"31","author":"N Dzamko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dzamko N, Rowe DB, Halliday GM (2016) Increased peripheral inflammation in asymptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 mutation carriers. Mov Disord 31(6):889\u2013897","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02595-9","volume":"146","author":"D Cabezudo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cabezudo D, Tsafaras G, Van Acker E, Van den Haute C, Baekelandt V (2023) Mutant LRRK2 exacerbates immune response and neurodegeneration in a chronic model of experimental colitis. Acta Neuropathol 146(2):245\u2013261","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28890","volume":"37","author":"CH Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin CH, Lin HY, Ho EP, Ke YC, Cheng MF, Shiue CY, Wu CH, Liao PH, Hsu AY, Chu LA, Liu YD, Lin YH, Tai YC, Shun CT, Chiu HM, Wu MS (2022) Mild chronic colitis triggers parkinsonism in LRRK2 mutant mice through activating TNF-alpha pathway. Mov Disord 37(4):745\u2013757","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"9","key":"8114_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5577","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000548","volume":"185","author":"A Gardet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gardet A, Benita Y, Li C, Sands BE, Ballester I, Stevens C, Korzenik JR, Rioux JD, Daly MJ, Xavier RJ, Podolsky DK (2010) LRRK2 is involved in the IFN-gamma response and host response to pathogens. J Immunol 185(9):5577\u20135585","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"511","key":"8114_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaas9292","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aas9292","volume":"11","author":"B Shutinoski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shutinoski B, Hakimi M, Harmsen Irene E, Lunn M, Rocha J, Lengacher N, Zhou Yi Y, Khan J, Nguyen A, Hake-Volling Q, El-Kodsi D, Li J, Alikashani A, Beauchamp C, Majithia J, Coombs K, Shimshek D, Marcogliese Paul C, Park David S, Rioux John D, Philpott Dana J, Woulfe John M, Hayley S, Sad S, Tomlinson J, Julianna G, Brown Earl G (2019) Schlossmacher Michael, Lrrk2 alleles modulate inflammation during microbial infection of mice in a sex-dependent manner. Sci Transl Med 11(511):eaas9292","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-017-0010-8","volume":"3","author":"DA Cook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cook DA, Kannarkat GT, Cintron AF, Butkovich LM, Fraser KB, Chang J, Grigoryan N, Factor SA, West AB, Boss JM, Tansey MG (2017) LRRK2 levels in immune cells are increased in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 3(1):11","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"8114_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170014","volume":"214","author":"W Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu W, Liu Xn, Li Y, Zhao J, Liu Z, Hu Z, Wang Y, Yao Y, Miller AW, Su B, Cookson MR, Li X, Kang Z (2017) LRRK2 promotes the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. J Exp Med 214(10):3051\u20133066","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"444","key":"8114_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan8162","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aan8162","volume":"10","author":"T Takagawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takagawa T, Kitani A, Fuss I, Levine B, Brant Steven R, Peter I, Tajima M, Nakamura S, Strober W (2018) An increase in LRRK2 suppresses autophagy and enhances Dectin-1\u2013induced immunity in a mouse model of colitis. Sci Transl Med 10(444):eaan8162","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1159\/000477990","volume":"9","author":"E Stolzenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stolzenberg E, Berry D, Yang D, Lee EY, Kroemer A, Kaufman S, Wong GCL, Oppenheim JJ, Sen S, Fishbein T, Bax A, Harris B, Barbut D, Zasloff MA (2017) A role for neuronal Alpha-Synuclein in Gastrointestinal immunity. J Innate Immun 9(5):456\u2013463","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110090","volume":"38","author":"MM Alam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alam MM, Yang D, Li X-Q, Liu J, Back TC, Trivett A, Karim B, Barbut D, Zasloff M, Oppenheim JJ (2022) Alpha synuclein, the culprit in Parkinson disease, is required for normal immune function. Cell Rep 38(2):110090","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"8114_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.003","volume":"182","author":"E Drokhlyansky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drokhlyansky E, Smillie CS, Van Wittenberghe N, Ericsson M, Griffin GK, Eraslan G, Dionne D, Cuoco MS, Goder-Reiser MN, Sharova T, Kuksenko O, Aguirre AJ, Boland GM, Graham D, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Xavier RJ, Regev A (2020) The human and mouse enteric nervous system at Single-Cell resolution. Cell 182(6):1606\u20131622 e23","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"8114_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-00368-1","volume":"14","author":"A Jacobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobson A, Yang D, Vella M, Chiu IM (2021) The intestinal neuro-immune axis: crosstalk between neurons, immune cells, and microbes. Mucosal Immunol 14(3):555\u2013565","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"8114_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kellermann L, Riis LB (2021) A close view on histopathological changes in inflammatory bowel disease, a narrative review. Dig Med Res 4","DOI":"10.21037\/dmr-21-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.08.021","volume":"12","author":"JLK Yip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yip JLK, Balasuriya GK, Spencer SJ, Hill-Yardin EL (2021) The role of intestinal macrophages in Gastrointestinal homeostasis: heterogeneity and implications in disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(5):1701\u20131718","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"8114_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.004","volume":"48","author":"A-A Poirier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poirier A-A, C\u00f4t\u00e9 M, Bourque M, Morissette M, Di Paolo T, Soulet D (2016) Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory effects of raloxifene in the myenteric plexus of a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 48:61\u201371","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"8114_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.05.017","volume":"82","author":"M C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2015","unstructured":"C\u00f4t\u00e9 M, Bourque M, Poirier A-A, Aub\u00e9 B, Morissette M, Di Paolo T, Soulet D (2015) GPER1-mediated Immunomodulation and neuroprotection in the myenteric plexus of a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 82:99\u2013113","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.050","volume":"158","author":"PA Muller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muller PA, Koscso B, Rajani GM, Stevanovic K, Berres ML, Hashimoto D, Mortha A, Leboeuf M, Li XM, Mucida D, Stanley ER, Dahan S, Margolis KG, Gershon MD, Merad M, Bogunovic M (2014) Crosstalk between muscularis macrophages and enteric neurons regulates Gastrointestinal motility. Cell 158(2):300\u2013313","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.12.002","volume":"180","author":"F Matheis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matheis F, Muller PA, Graves CL, Gabanyi I, Kerner ZJ, Costa-Borges D, Ahrends T, Rosenstiel P, Mucida D (2020) Adrenergic signaling in muscularis macrophages limits Infection-Induced neuronal loss. Cell 180(1):64\u201378e16","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.07.003","volume":"12","author":"D Dora","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dora D, Ferenczi S, Stavely R, Toth VE, Varga ZV, Kovacs T, Bodi I, Hotta R, Kovacs KJ, Goldstein AM, Nagy N (2021) Evidence of a myenteric plexus barrier and its Macrophage-Dependent degradation during murine colitis: implications in enteric neuroinflammation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(5):1617\u20131641","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15119-w","volume":"11","author":"I Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi I, Zhang Y, Seegobin SP, Pruvost M, Wang Q, Purtell K, Zhang B, Yue Z (2020) Microglia clear neuron-released \u03b1-synuclein via selective autophagy and prevent neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 11(1):1386","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2012.02.004","volume":"169","author":"RJ Phillips","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phillips RJ, Powley TL (2012) Macrophages associated with the intrinsic and extrinsic autonomic innervation of the rat Gastrointestinal tract. Auton Neurosci 169(1):12\u201327","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2022.09.006","volume":"2","author":"ES Bishop","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bishop ES, Namkoong H, Aurelian L, McCarthy M, Nallagatla P, Zhou W, Neshatian L, Gurland B, Habtezion A, Becker L (2023) Age-dependent microglial disease phenotype results in functional decline in gut macrophages. Gastro Hep Adv 2(2):261\u2013276","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43224-z","volume":"14","author":"RL McFleder","year":"2023","unstructured":"McFleder RL, Makhotkina A, Groh J, Keber U, Imdahl F, Pe\u00f1a Mosca J, Peteranderl A, Wu J, Tabuchi S, Hoffmann J, Karl A-K, Pagenstecher A, Vogel J, Beilhack A, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Saliba A-E, Volkmann J, Ip CW (2023) Brain-to-gut trafficking of alpha-synuclein by CD11c\u2009+\u2009cells in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Commun 14(1):7529","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06256-9","volume":"7","author":"P Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang P, Yu LW, Espey H, Agirman G, Kazmi SA, Li K, Deng Y, Lee J, Hrncir H, Romero-Lopez A, Arnold AP, Hsiao EY (2024) Sex-dependent interactions between prodromal intestinal inflammation and LRRK2 G2019S in mice promote endophenotypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Commun Biology 7(1):570","journal-title":"Commun Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.03.002","volume":"12","author":"B Drury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Drury B, Hardisty G, Gray RD, Ho G-t (2021) Neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenic mechanisms and clinical translation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(1):321\u2013333","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac256","volume":"29","author":"HJ Lai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lai HJ, Doan HT, Lin EY, Chiu YL, Cheng YK, Lin YH, Chiang HS (2023) Histones of neutrophil extracellular traps directly disrupt the permeability and integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Inflamm Bowel Dis 29(5):783\u2013797","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"8114_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin EY, Lai HJ, Cheng YK, Leong KQ, Cheng LC, Chou YC, Peng YC, Hsu YH, Chiang HS (2020) Neutrophil extracellular traps impair intestinal barrier function during experimental colitis. Biomedicines 8(8)","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080275"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-023-00257-7","volume":"43","author":"R Kaneko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaneko R, Matsui A, Watanabe M, Harada Y, Kanamori M, Awata N, Kawazoe M, Takao T, Kobayashi Y, Kikutake C, Suyama M, Saito T, Saido TC, Ito M (2023) Increased neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease accelerate the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Inflamm Regeneration 43(1):20","journal-title":"Inflamm Regeneration"},{"issue":"8","key":"8114_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3913","volume":"21","author":"E Zenaro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zenaro E, Pietronigro E, Bianca VD, Piacentino G, Marongiu L, Budui S, Turano E, Rossi B, Angiari S, Dusi S, Montresor A, Carlucci T, Nan\u00ec S, Tosadori G, Calciano L, Catalucci D, Berton G, Bonetti B, Constantin G (2015) Neutrophils promote Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin. Nat Med 21(8):880\u2013886","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"8114_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28685","volume":"36","author":"L Mu\u00f1oz-Delgado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Delgado L, Mac\u00edas-Garc\u00eda D, Jes\u00fas S, Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez JF, Labrador-Espinosa M\u00c1, Jim\u00e9nez-Jaraba MV, Adarmes-G\u00f3mez A, Carrillo F, Mir P (2021) Peripheral immune profile and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 36(10):2426\u20132430","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8114_CR126","unstructured":"K. Ryul, K. Nyeonju, B. Kyeongho, P. Kiwon, J. Jin-Sun, Prognostic significance of peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes in early untreated Parkinson\u2019s disease: an 8-year follow-up study, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (2023)jnnp-2022-330394"},{"key":"8114_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S65","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-223152","volume":"12","author":"E Contaldi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Contaldi E, Magistrelli L, Comi C (2022) T lymphocytes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Parkinson\u2019s Disease 12:S65\u2013S74","journal-title":"J Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"8114_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.10.029","volume":"60","author":"JK Baird","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baird JK, Bourdette D, Meshul CK, Quinn JF (2019) The key role of T cells in Parkinson\u2019s disease pathogenesis and therapy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 60:25\u201331","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02296-8","volume":"18","author":"D Bhatia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhatia D, Grozdanov V, Ruf WP, Kassubek J, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Danzer KM (2021) T-cell dysregulation is associated with disease severity in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflamm 18(1):250","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"10","key":"8114_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5368","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11190-z","volume":"269","author":"Y He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Y, Peng K, Li R, Zhang Z, Pan L, Zhang T, Lin A, Hong R, Nie Z, Guan Q, Jin L (2022) Changes of T lymphocyte subpopulations and their roles in predicting the risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 269(10):5368\u20135381","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.07.015","volume":"252","author":"CH Stevens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stevens CH, Rowe D, Morel-Kopp M-C, Orr C, Russell T, Ranola M, Ward C, Halliday GM (2012) Reduced T helper and B lymphocytes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neuroimmunol 252(1):95\u201399","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1248-8","volume":"15","author":"N Kustrimovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kustrimovic N, Comi C, Magistrelli L, Rasini E, Legnaro M, Bombelli R, Aleksic I, Blandini F, Minafra B, Riboldazzi G, Sturchio A, Mauri M, Bono G, Marino F, Cosentino M (2018) Parkinson\u2019s disease patients have a complex phenotypic and functional Th1 bias: cross-sectional studies of CD4\u2009+\u2009Th1\/Th2\/T17 and Treg in drug-na\u00efve and drug-treated patients. J Neuroinflamm 15(1):205","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"8114_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0404-y","volume":"55","author":"NP Rocha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rocha NP, Assis F, Scalzo PL, Vieira \u00c9LM, Barbosa IG, de Souza MS, Christo PP, Reis HJ, Teixeira AL (2018) Reduced activated T lymphocytes (CD4\u2009+\u2009CD25+) and plasma levels of cytokines in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Neurobiol 55(2):1488\u20131497","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8114_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.07.005","volume":"11","author":"Y Baba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baba Y, Kuroiwa A, Uitti RJ, Wszolek ZK, Yamada T (2005) Alterations of T-lymphocyte populations in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 11(8):493\u2013498","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0163-9","volume":"33","author":"L Cen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cen L, Yang C, Huang S, Zhou M, Tang X, Li K, Guo W, Wu Z, Mo M, Xiao Y, Chen X, Yang X, Huang Q, Chen C, Qu S, Xu P (2017) Peripheral lymphocyte subsets as a marker of Parkinson\u2019s disease in a Chinese population. Neurosci Bull 33(5):493\u2013500","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6105","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4136","volume":"12","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen Y, Qi B, Xu W, Ma B, Li L, Chen Q, Qian W, Liu X, Qu H (2015) Clinical correlation of peripheral CD4+\u2013cell sub\u2013sets, their imbalance and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Med Rep 12(4):6105\u20136111","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00188-5","volume":"7","author":"AD Thome","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thome AD, Atassi F, Wang J, Faridar A, Zhao W, Thonhoff JR, Beers DR, Lai EC, Appel SH (2021) Ex vivo expansion of dysfunctional regulatory T lymphocytes restores suppressive function in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease 7(1):41","journal-title":"Npj Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},{"issue":"4","key":"8114_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9402-z","volume":"7","author":"JAH Saunders","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saunders JAH, Estes KA, Kosloski LM, Allen HE, Dempsey KM, Torres-Russotto DR, Meza JL, Santamaria PM, Bertoni JM, Murman DL, Ali HH, Standaert DG, Mosley RL (2012) Gendelman, CD4\u2009+\u2009Regulatory and effector\/memory T cell subsets profile motor dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 7(4):927\u2013938","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00289-9","volume":"8","author":"E Kozina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kozina E, Byrne M, Smeyne RJ (2022) Mutant LRRK2 in lymphocytes regulates neurodegeneration via IL-6 in an inflammatory model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 8(1):24","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"7766","key":"8114_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1405-y","volume":"571","author":"D Matheoud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matheoud D, Cannon T, Voisin A, Penttinen AM, Ramet L, Fahmy AM, Ducrot C, Laplante A, Bourque MJ, Zhu L, Cayrol R, Le Campion A, McBride HM, Gruenheid S, Trudeau LE, Desjardins M (2019) Intestinal infection triggers Parkinson\u2019s disease-like symptoms in Pink1(-\/-) mice. Nature 571(7766):565\u2013569","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8114_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106609","volume":"200","author":"M Campagnolo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Campagnolo M, Weis L, Sandre M, Tushevski A, Russo FP, Savarino E, Carecchio M, Stocco E, Macchi V, De Caro R, Parchi P, Bubacco L, Porzionato A, Antonini A, Emmi A (2024) Immune landscape of the enteric nervous system differentiates Parkinson\u2019s disease patients from controls: the PADUA-CESNE cohort. Neurobiol Dis 200:106609","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"8114_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.07.015","volume":"111","author":"F Garretti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garretti F, Monahan C, Sloan N, Bergen J, Shahriar S, Kim SW, Sette A, Cutforth T, Kanter E, Agalliu D, Sulzer D (2023) Interaction of an \u03b1-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB1\u221715:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuron 111(21):3397\u20133413e5","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8114_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen L, Ruan G, Cheng Y, Yi A, Chen D, Wei Y (2023) The role of Th17 cells in inflammatory bowel disease and the research progress. Front Immunol 13","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1055914"},{"key":"8114_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00013","volume":"10","author":"E Storelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Storelli E, Cassina N, Rasini E, Marino F, Cosentino M (2019) Do Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 contribute to Parkinson\u2019s disease?? A systematic review of available evidence. Front Neurol 10:13","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8114_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.06.015","volume":"23","author":"A Sommer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sommer A, Marxreiter F, Krach F, Fadler T, Grosch J, Maroni M, Graef D, Eberhardt E, Riemenschneider MJ, Yeo GW, Kohl Z, Xiang W, Gage FH, Winkler J, Prots I, Winner B (2018) Th17 lymphocytes induce neuronal cell death in a human iPSC-Based model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cell Stem Cell 23(1):123\u2013131 e6","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"8114_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.03.045","volume":"648","author":"S Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen S, Liu Y, Niu Y, Xu Y, Zhou Q, Xu X, Wang J, Yu M (2017) Increased abundance of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of newly-diagnosed Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Neurosci Lett 648:21\u201325","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"8114_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.904240","volume":"23","author":"L Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang L, Guo C, Zhu J, Feng Y, Chen W, Feng Z, Wang D, Sun S, Lin W, Wang Y (2017) Increased levels of Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory cellular responses in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: search for a disease Indicator. Med Sci Monit 23:1643\u20133750 (Electronic))","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"9","key":"8114_CR148","first-page":"17946","volume":"9","author":"F Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang F, Li B, Li L, Zhang H (2016) The clinical significance of the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells and their related cytokines in peripheral blood of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Int J Clin Exp Med 9(9):17946\u201317951","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"8114_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Zhao J, Chen L, Gao H, Zhang J, Wang D, Zou Y, Qin Q, Qu Y, Li J, Xiong Y, Min Z, Yan M, Mao Z (2023) Z. Xue, \u03b1-Synuclein induces Th17 differentiation and impairs the function and stability of Tregs by promoting RORC transcription in Parkinson\u2019s disease, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 108 32\u201344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.10.023"},{"key":"8114_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke JR, Bacelar TS, Fernandes GG, Silva RCd, Antonio LS, Queiroz M, de Souza RV, Valad\u00e3o LF, Ribeiro GS, De Lima EV, Colodeti LC, Mangeth LC, Wiecikowski A, da Silva TN, Paula-Neto HA, da Costa R, Cordeiro Y, Passos GF (2024) C.P. Figueiredo, Abatacept inhibits Th17 differentiation and mitigates \u03b1-synuclein-induced dopaminergic dysfunction in mice, Molecular Psychiatry","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02618-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"8114_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.017","volume":"185","author":"I Leonardi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leonardi I, Gao IH, Lin W-Y, Allen M, Li XV, Fiers WD, De Celie MB, Putzel GG, Yantiss RK, Johncilla M, Colak D, Iliev ID (2022) Mucosal fungi promote gut barrier function and social behavior via type 17 immunity. Cell 185(5):831\u2013846e14","journal-title":"Cell"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T02:02:15Z","timestamp":1749520935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["8114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08114-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT in order to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process"}},{"value":"This study is a systematic review of published studies; therefore, ethics approval was not required.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement"}},{"value":"None.This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan [grant numbers: 113-2314-B-002-300 and 113-2320-B-002-028 to H.-S.C].","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and Informed consent statement"}}]}}