{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1788582658727,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:42:55Z","timestamp":1744332175000},"page":"3559-3572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High-grade gliomas with autoimmune encephalitis-like presentation: case report and systematic review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2110-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Sofia","family":"Cereda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio M.","family":"Doniselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-3042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Deleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4202-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Di Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-6310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Didato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9121-5087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Pastori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7496-2083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1399-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Visani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8080-6976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7285-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Ciusani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4508-3359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Marucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-9602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Del Sole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marica","family":"Eoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2762-4599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-6737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"de Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Stabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graus F et al (2016) A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15:391\u2013404","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5086","volume":"38","author":"BP Kelley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelley BP et al (2017) Autoimmune encephalitis: pathophysiology and imaging review of an overlooked diagnosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38:1070\u20131078","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002567","volume":"21","author":"CE Uy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR (2021) Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical spectrum and management. Pract Neurol 21:412\u2013423","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4251","volume":"80","author":"EP Flanagan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flanagan EP et al (2023) Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis in adults. JAMA Neurol 80:30\u201339","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200148","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200148","volume":"10","author":"RW Van Steenhoven","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Steenhoven RW et al (2023) Mimics of autoimmune encephalitis: validation of the 2016 clinical autoimmune encephalitis criteria. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 10:e200148","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"8159_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"v1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noac202","volume":"24","author":"QT Ostrom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ostrom QT et al (2022) CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the united states in 2015\u20132019. Neuro-Oncol 24:v1\u2013v95","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"8159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","volume":"23","author":"DN Louis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louis DN et al (2021) The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro-Oncol 23:1231\u20131251","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"8159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802997-8.00002-5","volume":"134","author":"A Alentorn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alentorn A, Hoang-Xuan K, Mikkelsen T (2016) Presenting signs and symptoms in brain tumors. Handb Clin Neurol 134:19\u201326","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8767-1","volume":"265","author":"A Vogrig","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogrig A et al (2018) Glioblastoma as differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. J Neurol 265:669\u2013677","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Graus F (2022) Autoimmune encephalitis and related disorders of the nervous system. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108696722","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108696722"},{"key":"8159_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-019-02212-1","volume":"61","author":"M Zoccarato","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zoccarato M et al (2019) Conventional brain MRI features distinguishing limbic encephalitis from mesial temporal glioma. Neuroradiology 61:853\u2013860","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"8159_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov225.24","volume":"17","author":"BM Ellingson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ellingson BM et al (2015) Consensus recommendations for a standardized brain tumor imaging protocol in clinical trials. Neuro-Oncol 17:1188\u20131198","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"8159_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z","volume":"18","author":"M Weller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weller M et al (2021) EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 18:170\u2013186","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"8159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577214","volume":"342","author":"ZA Macchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macchi ZA et al (2020) Glioblastoma as an autoimmune limbic encephalitis mimic: a case and review of the literature. J Neuroimmunol 342:577214","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"8159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rayyan (2021) Intelligent systematic review. Rayyan. https:\/\/www.rayyan.ai\/. Accessed 15 Feb 2025","DOI":"10.5339\/jist.2025.15"},{"key":"8159_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consoli S et al (2023) Case report: brain tumor\u2019s pitfalls: two cases of high-grade brain tumors mimicking autoimmune encephalitis with positive onconeuronal antibodies. Front Oncol 13:1254674","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1254674"},{"key":"8159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.12298","volume":"7","author":"S Koide","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koide S et al (2019) Glioblastoma mimicking limbic encephalitis. Neurol Clin Neurosci 7:221\u2013222","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1436-x","volume":"19","author":"J Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu J et al (2019) Brain astrocytoma misdiagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a case report. BMC Neurol 19:210","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR20","first-page":"187","volume":"37","author":"JP Su\u00e1rez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez JP, Coronado M, Dom\u00ednguez ML, Dom\u00ednguez L (2018) High-grade glioma mimicking limbic encephalitis on 18F-FDG PET\/CT scan. Rev Esp Med Nucl E Imagen Mol 37:187\u2013188","journal-title":"Rev Esp Med Nucl E Imagen Mol"},{"key":"8159_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9193","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009193","volume":"96","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao F, Hao H, Sun W, Huang Y (2017) Anaplastic astrocytoma with aquaporin-4 positive in CSF: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 96:e9193","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"8159_CR22","first-page":"458790","volume":"2014","author":"D Athauda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Athauda D, Delamont RS, Pablo-Fernandez ED (2014) High grade glioma mimicking voltage gated potassium channel complex associated antibody limbic encephalitis. Case Rep Neurol Med 2014:458790","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"8159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.53.712","volume":"53","author":"H Fujii","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fujii H et al (2013) Glioblastoma with ovarian teratoma having N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody in CSF\u2013a case report. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 53:712\u2013715","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"8159_CR24","first-page":"48","volume":"25","author":"J Nunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunes J et al (2012) Glioblastoma multiforme mimicking limbic encephalitis. Acta Med Port 25(Suppl 1):48\u201351","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"8159_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.3278","volume":"49","author":"R Nagata","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagata R et al (2010) A case of gliomatosis cerebri mimicking limbic encephalitis: malignant transformation to glioblastoma. Intern Med Tokyo Jpn 49:1307\u20131310","journal-title":"Intern Med Tokyo Jpn"},{"key":"8159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.166165","volume":"9","author":"UG Schulz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schulz UG, Thomas SR, Stewart W (2009) A difficult case solved at autopsy: memory loss, behavioural change and seizures. Pract Neurol 9:90\u201395","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31818fc022","volume":"15","author":"V Deramecourt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deramecourt V et al (2009) Bilateral temporal glioma presenting as a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with pure cognitive impairment. Neurologist 15:208\u2013211","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"8159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.48.497","volume":"48","author":"T Rokutanda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rokutanda T et al (2008) A case of glioblastoma misdiagnosed initially due to positive finding of anti-glutamate receptor antibody. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 48:497\u2013500","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"8159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02532-7","volume":"63","author":"A Lasocki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lasocki A, Anjari M, \u04e6rsKokurcan S, Thust SC (2021) Conventional MRI features of adult diffuse glioma molecular subtypes: a systematic review. Neuroradiology 63:353\u2013362","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"8159_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7907","volume":"44","author":"S Gillon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gillon S et al (2023) MR imaging findings in a large population of autoimmune encephalitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 44:799\u2013806","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"8159_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1481","volume":"123","author":"SH Gultekin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gultekin SH et al (2000) Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain J Neurol 123(Pt 7):1481\u20131494","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Padelli F et al (2022) In vivo brain MR spectroscopy in gliomas: clinical and pre-clinical chances. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40336-022-00502-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-022-00502-y"},{"key":"8159_CR33","first-page":"1535","volume":"13","author":"RI Grossman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grossman RI, Lenkinski RE, Ramer KN, Gonzalez-Scarano F, Cohen JA (1992) MR proton spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 13:1535\u20131543","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8159_CR34","first-page":"1378","volume":"23","author":"AM Saindane","year":"2002","unstructured":"Saindane AM et al (2002) Proton MR spectroscopy of tumefactive demyelinating lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1378\u20131386","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8159_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2019.07.008","volume":"57","author":"K Gharzeddine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gharzeddine K, Hatzoglou V, Holodny AI, Young RJ (2019) MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy of brain neoplasms. Radiol Clin North Am 57:1177\u20131188","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"8159_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22167","volume":"24","author":"H Kataoka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kataoka H, Dalmau J, Taoka T, Ueno S (2009) Reduced N-acetylaspartate in the basal ganglia of a patient with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc 24:784\u2013786","journal-title":"Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc"},{"key":"8159_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000358820","volume":"6","author":"S Mariotto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mariotto S et al (2014) Anti-N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis causing a prolonged depressive disorder evolving to inflammatory brain disease. Case Rep Neurol 6:38\u201343","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1971400915609333","volume":"29","author":"A Splendiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Splendiani A et al (2016) Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a young male patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and uncommon cerebellar involvement: a case report with review of the literature. Neuroradiol J 29:30\u201335","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"8159_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2682","volume":"18","author":"C Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi C et al (2012) 2-hydroxyglutarate detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in IDH-mutated patients with gliomas. Nat Med 18:624\u2013629","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8159_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(91)90313-V","volume":"104","author":"M Weller","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weller M et al (1991) Comparative analysis of cytokine patterns in immunological, infectious, and oncological neurological disorders. J Neurol Sci 104:215\u2013221","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8159_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03448-1","volume":"151","author":"R Medikonda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Medikonda R, Dunn G, Rahman M, Fecci P, Lim M (2021) A review of glioblastoma immunotherapy. J Neurooncol 151:41\u201353","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"8159_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092257","volume":"10","author":"M Dapash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dapash M, Hou D, Castro B, Lee-Chang C, Lesniak MS (2021) The Interplay between glioblastoma and its microenvironment. Cells 10:2257","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"8159_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.04.015","volume":"36","author":"MR Rosenfeld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenfeld MR, Dalmau J (2018) Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes. Neurol Clin 36:675\u2013685","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"8159_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00841","volume":"9","author":"G Ricken","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ricken G et al (2018) Detection methods for autoantibodies in suspected autoimmune encephalitis. Front Neurol 9:841","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"8159_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-023-04549-3","volume":"166","author":"H Arora","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arora H et al (2024) Dexamethasone and overall survival and progression free survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a meta-analysis. J Neurooncol 166:17\u201326","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T12:14:12Z","timestamp":1757160852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08159-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The article does not require ethical committee approval as it is a literature review. The patient's son has granted permission for the publication of the anonymized data of his mother (the completed and signed consent form, signed by the author Andrea Stabile and the patient's son, is attached).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent"}},{"value":"The author(s) declare that they have no competing financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}