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Melatonin, a sleep-regulating neurohormone, shows the potential to improve sleep quality and non-motor symptoms in PD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>To evaluate melatonin\u2019s efficacy and safety in PD patients with sleep disorders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane till January 2025. The risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), while continuous outcomes were reported as mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We retrieved 2537 records. Five double-blinded RCTs were finally included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant improvement in sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in the melatonin group compared to placebo (MD= -1.88, 95% CI: [-3.07, -0.68], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002). However, no significant differences were observed for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (MD= -1.04 CI: [-2.81, 0.73], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.25), total sleep time (MD\u2009=\u200914.85\u00a0min CI: [-5.45, 35.16], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.15), sleep efficiency, sleep latency, REM sleep latency, frequency of arousals, or REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ; MD\u2009=\u20090.74, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.50). For Parkinson\u2019s disease-related outcomes, melatonin significantly improved Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) scores but showed no significant effects on UPDRS Part III scores or Parkinson\u2019s Disease Quality of Life.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Melatonin improves subjective sleep quality and non-motor symptoms in PD patients with a favorable safety profile, but effects on objective measures and motor symptoms remain inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registry number<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO. Registration Number: CRD42024619496.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08221-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T03:32:45Z","timestamp":1747625565000},"page":"4155-4168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the role of melatonin in managing sleep and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pooled analysis of double-blinded randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8445-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Samy","family":"Badran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza","family":"Khelifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ibrahim","family":"Gbreel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"8221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2024.101078","volume":"46","author":"T Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu T, Dong W, Liu J et al (2024) Disease burden of Parkinson\u2019s disease in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. 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