{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:36:47Z","timestamp":1768790207182,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC2023-235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2023-235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC2024-400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2024-400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012352","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Motor side effects may emerge after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients. Out of 60 PD patients, we observed 16 patients displaying de novo dystonic symptoms after the implantation and 11 dystonic PD patients without benefit from the stimulation. We hypothesized that a common neural pathway may cause dystonia in both conditions. Our study aims to investigate the clinical and connectivity substrates of dystonia after STN-DBS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We divided our cohort into four groups: 16 patients displaying dystonia after STN-DBS, 11 patients with previously known dystonia not improving after surgery, 14 patients with dystonic symptoms relieved by the stimulation and 19 controls who never experienced dystonia. MANOVA was used to compare clinical data and the distance of the active contact center from the STN border among the four groups. Finally, we reconstructed the \u201csour\u201d spots for dystonic symptoms and the associated structural and functional connectivity using a Parkinsonian normative connectome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>De novo dystonic and not-improved dystonic patients had a statistically significant longer PD duration before surgery (p\u2009=\u20090.001) and a greater active contact-STN distance (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, the \u201csour\u201d spots were similar in both groups and structural and functional connectivity profiles were associated with brain areas correlated with dystonia pathophysiology (cerebellum, midbrain, parietal and temporal cortices).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We formulated a two-hit model for dystonia after STN-DBS: a clinical feature of Parkinsonian patients causes predisposing altered plasticity contributing to dystonic symptoms development when coupled with the stimulation of dystonia-related subcortical and cortical structures.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T14:01:31Z","timestamp":1747317691000},"page":"3691-3701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the relationship between dystonia and STN-DBS in Parkinson\u2019s disease: insights from a single-centre cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4118-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi G.","family":"Remore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Gagliardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Borellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Fasano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria Lo","family":"Faso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Cogiamanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Mailand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Valcamonica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pirola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Schisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella M.","family":"Ampollini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulio A.","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Fiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"D\u2019Ammando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tariciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Marfia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania Elena","family":"Navone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"8230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. J. Lee, C. S. Lozano, R. F. Dallapiazza, and A. M. Lozano, (2019)\u00a0 \u201cCurrent and future directions of deep brain stimulation for neurological and psychiatric disorders,\u201d\u00a0 American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.4.JNS181761.","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.JNS181761"},{"key":"8230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Ribot et al., (Nov. 01, 2019) \u201cDystonia and dopamine: From phenomenology to pathophysiology,\u201d Elsevier Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101678.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2019.101678"},{"key":"8230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Limousin, P. Pollak, D. Hoffmannt, A. Benazzouz, J. E. Perret, and A.-L. Benabid, (1996) \u201cAbnormal Involuntary Movements Induced by Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinsonian Patients,\u201d\u00a0","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110303"},{"issue":"1","key":"8230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000260077","volume":"88","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Li Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhuang P (Jan.2010) Stimulation-induced dyskinesia in the early stage after subthalamic deep brain stimulation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 88(1):29\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000260077","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"8230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Krack, P. Pollak, P. Limousin, A. Benazzouz, G. G\u00fc Nther Deuschl, and A.-L. Benabid, (1999) \u201cFrom off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity,\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/122\/6\/1133\/388018","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.6.1133"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.125625","volume":"79","author":"M Yanase","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yanase M et al (2008) Fixed epiglottis associated with subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79(3):331\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2007.125625","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.215","volume":"4","author":"G Oyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oyama G et al (2014) Rescue GPi-DBS for a Stroke-associated Hemiballism in a Patient with STN-DBS. Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements 4:04. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/tohm.215","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"8230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Umemura, Y. Oka, K. Yamamoto, K. Okita, N. Matsukawa, and K. Yamada, (2011) \u201cComplications of Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease,\u201d\u00a0","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.51.749"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-013-1526-2","volume":"35","author":"M Esposito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Esposito M, Fasano A, Crisci C, Dubbioso R, Iodice R, Santoro L (Mar.2014) The combined treatment with orbital and pretarsal botulinum toxin injections in the management of poorly responsive blepharospasm. Neurol Sci 35(3):397\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-013-1526-2","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. Morales-Briceno, V. S. C. Fung, K. P. Bhatia, and B. Balint, (Feb. 15, 2022) \u201cParkinsonism and dystonia: Clinical spectrum and diagnostic clues,\u201d\u00a0 Elsevier B.V. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120016"},{"issue":"10","key":"8230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy217","volume":"141","author":"P Mahlknecht","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahlknecht P et al (Oct.2018) Parkinsonian signs in patients with cervical dystonia treated with pallidal deep brain stimulation. Brain 141(10):3023\u20133034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awy217","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25975","volume":"89","author":"GJB Elias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elias GJB et al (Mar.2021) Probabilistic Mapping of Deep Brain Stimulation: Insights from 15 Years of Therapy. Ann Neurol 89(3):426\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25975","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8230_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.01.004","author":"F Mameli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mameli F et al (2022) Energy Delivered by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease Correlates With Depressive Personality Trait Shift. Neuromodulation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.01.004","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"8230_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"L. G. Remore et al., (Mar. 2024) \u201cThe role of SWI sequence during the preoperative targeting of the subthalamic nucleus for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A retrospective cohort study,\u201d World Neurosurg X:p. 100342.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wnsx.2024.100342.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wnsx.2024.100342"},{"key":"8230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.068","volume":"184","author":"A Horn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horn A et al (Jan.2019) Lead-DBS v2: Towards a comprehensive pipeline for deep brain stimulation imaging. Neuroimage 184:293\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.08.068","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"8230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. Ewert et al., (Apr. 15, 2018) \u201cToward defining deep brain stimulation targets in MNI space: A subcortical atlas based on multimodal MRI, histology and structural connectivity,\u201d\u00a0 Academic Press Inc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.05.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"8230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24974","volume":"82","author":"A Horn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Horn A et al (Jul.2017) Connectivity Predicts deep brain stimulation outcome in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 82(1):67\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24974","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24187","volume":"76","author":"T Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung T, Noecker AM, Alterman RL, McIntyre CC, Tagliati M (2014) Defining a therapeutic target for pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia. Ann Neurol 76(1):22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24187","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Horn et al., (2022) \u201cOptimal deep brain stimulation sites and networks for cervical vs. generalized dystonia,\u201d Proc National Acad\u00a0 Sci 119(14):no. e2114985119.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas"},{"issue":"16","key":"8230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4500","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25137","volume":"41","author":"JC Lau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lau JC et al (Nov.2020) Direct visualization and characterization of the human zona incerta and surrounding structures. Hum Brain Mapp 41(16):4500\u20134517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.25137","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"8230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K. Marek et al., (Dec. 2011) \u201cThe Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI),\u201d\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005"},{"key":"8230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Moro, R. J. A. Esselink, A. L. Benabid, and P. Pollak, (2002) \u201cResponse to levodopa in parkinsonian patients with bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation,\u201d [Online]. Available: https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/brain\/article\/125\/11\/2408\/258653","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf249"},{"key":"8230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"E. Tolosa and Y. Compta, (Dec. 2006 ) \u201cDystonia in Parkinson\u2019s disease,\u201d https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-006-7003-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-7003-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"8230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12132","volume":"224","author":"C Watson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watson C, Lind CRP, Thomas MG (Feb.2014) The anatomy of the caudal zona incerta in rodents and primates. J Anat 224(2):95\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12132","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"8230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S. N. Haber, J. Lehman, C. Maffei, A. Yendiki, S. Haber, and L. Contact, (2022) \u201cThe rostral zona incerta: a subcortical integrative hub and potential DBS target for OCD,\u201d bioRixiv.\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.07.08.499393.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.07.08.499393"},{"key":"8230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V. K. Neychev, R. E. Gross, S. Leh\u00e9ricy, E. J. Hess, and H. A. Jinnah, (May 2011) \u201cThe functional neuroanatomy of dystonia,\u201d\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.01.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2753","volume":"14","author":"DP Calderon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Calderon DP, Fremont R, Kraenzlin F, Khodakhah K (Mar.2011) The neural substrates of rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Nat Neurosci 14(3):357\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2753","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"8230_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. Carbon, M. Argyelan, and D. Eidelberg, ( Jul. 2010) \u201cFunctional imaging in hereditary dystonia,\u201d in European Journal of Neurology pp. 58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03054.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03054.x"},{"key":"8230_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"P. Filip, O. v. Lungu, and M. Bare\u0161, (Jul. 2013) \u201cDystonia and the cerebellum: A new field of interest in movement disorders?,\u201d\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.01.003.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.01.003"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.11.JNS182180","volume":"132","author":"S Horisawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horisawa S, Arai T, Suzuki N, Kawamata T, Taira T (2020) The striking effects of deep cerebellar stimulation on generalized fixed dystonia: Case report. J Neurosurg 132(3):712\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.11.JNS182180","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00752.2006","volume":"97","author":"F Farshadmanesh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farshadmanesh F, Klier EM, Chang P, Wang H, Crawford JD (Mar.2007) Three-dimensional eye-head coordination after injection of muscimol into the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC). J Neurophysiol 97(3):2322\u20132338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00752.2006","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"8230_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000103408","volume":"32","author":"R Hassler","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hassler R, Dieckman G (1970) Stereotactic Treatment of Different Kinds of Spasmodic Torticollis. Confin Neurol 32:135\u2013143","journal-title":"Confin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8230_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22196","volume":"24","author":"TJ Loher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loher TJ, Krauss JK (Jan.2009) Dystonia associated with pontomesencephalic lesions. Mov Disord 24(2):157\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22196","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"8230_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27470","volume":"33","author":"R Erro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erro R et al (Dec.2018) High frequency somatosensory stimulation in dystonia: Evidence fordefective inhibitory plasticity. Mov Disord 33(12):1902\u20131909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.27470","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"8230_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.011","volume":"17","author":"C Gallea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallea C et al (2018) Loss of inhibition in sensorimotor networks in focal hand dystonia. Neuroimage Clin 17:90\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.011","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"8230_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26450","author":"A Loh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Loh A et al (Jul.2022) Neural correlates of optimal deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia. Ann Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26450","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8230_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01570-1","volume":"27","author":"B Hollunder","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hollunder B et al (Mar.2024) Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation. Nat Neurosci 27(3):573\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41593-024-01570-1","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"8230_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2021.0051","volume":"12","author":"QD Strotzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strotzer QD et al (May2022) Structural Connectivity Patterns of Side Effects Induced by Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Brain Connect 12(4):374\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2021.0051","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"issue":"6","key":"8230_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz112","volume":"142","author":"DT Corp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corp DT et al (Jun.2019) Network localization of cervical dystonia based on causal brain lesions. Brain 142(6):1660\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awz112","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8230_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. M. Lozano and N. Lipsman, (Feb. 06, 2013) \u201cProbing and Regulating Dysfunctional Circuits Using Deep Brain Stimulation,\u201d https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.020.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.020"},{"key":"8230_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Neudorfer et al., (Mar. 2023) \u201cLead-DBS v3.0: Mapping deep brain stimulation effects to local anatomy and global networks,\u201d Neuroimage vol. 268.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119862.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.119862"},{"key":"8230_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13356","author":"TA Dembek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dembek TA et al (2021) Sweetspot Mapping in Deep Brain Stimulation: Strengths and Limitations of Current Approaches. Neuromodulation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ner.13356","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"8230_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. F. Glasser et al., (Sep. 01, 2016) \u201cThe Human Connectome Project\u2019s neuroimaging approach,\u201d Nature Publishing Group. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.4361.","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4361"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T14:42:59Z","timestamp":1757169779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08230-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical review and approval were waived for this retrospective study following local legislation and institutional requirements. All patients gave informed written consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.\u00a0","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}