{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1790383793143,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMDR\/SG\/11\/2023-1780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMDR\/SG\/11\/2023-1780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T03:18:25Z","timestamp":1756178305000},"page":"4779-4789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Converging pathologies in neurodegeneration: the mechanistic interplay between \u03b1-Synuclein and Tau in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jeyaram Bharathi","family":"Jeyabalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Pandi A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankar","family":"Veintramuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramasamy","family":"Sivasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muralikrishnan","family":"Dhanasekaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1015-8317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antony","family":"Justin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031851","author":"RNL Lamptey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lamptey RNL, Chaulagain B, Trivedi R et al (2022) A review of the common neurodegenerative disorders: current therapeutic approaches and the potential role of nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23031851","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"8421_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10367","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10367","volume":"8","author":"P Chopade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chopade P, Chopade N, Zhao Z et al (2023) Alzheimer\u2019s and parkinson\u2019s disease therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 8:e10367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/btm2.10367","journal-title":"Bioeng Transl Med"},{"key":"8421_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.242","volume":"9","author":"M Goedert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Del Tredici K, Braak H (2013) 100 years of lewy pathology. Nat Rev Neurol 9:13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.242","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Palathoti JJB, Dhanasekaran N M, et al (2023) Neurotrophin mimetics and Tropomyosin kinase receptors: a futuristic Pharmacological tool for parkinson\u2019s. Neurol Sci Off J Ital Neurol Soc Ital Soc Clin Neurophysiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-06684-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-06684-1"},{"key":"8421_CR5","unstructured":"Kumar A, Sidhu J, Lui F, Tsao JW (2024) Alzheimer disease. Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"8421_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dugger BN, Dickson DW (2017) Pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035"},{"key":"8421_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vacchi E, Kaelin-Lang A, Melli G (2020) Tau and alpha synuclein synergistic effect in neurodegenerative diseases: when the periphery is the core. Int J Mol Sci 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21145030","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145030"},{"key":"8421_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Picca A, Calvani R, Coelho-Junior HJ et al (2020) Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation: intertwined roads to neurodegeneration. Antioxid (Basel Switzerland) 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9080647","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080647"},{"key":"8421_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-120410","volume":"23","author":"T Duka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duka T, Duka V, Joyce JN, Sidhu A (2009) Alpha-synuclein contributes to GSK-3beta-catalyzed Tau phosphorylation in parkinson\u2019s disease models. FASEB J 23:2820\u20132830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.08-120410","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"8421_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.57078","volume":"17","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wei W, Zhao M et al (2021) Interaction between A\u03b2 and Tau in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Int J Biol Sci 17:2181\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.57078","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"8421_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giri M, Kendre PN, Bhalke R et al (2024) Chap. 26 - Combinatorial therapy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In: Prajapati BG, Chellappan DK, Kendre PNBT-AD and ADDS (eds). Academic Press, pp 439\u2013461","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-13205-6.00026-1"},{"key":"8421_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Badiola N, de Oliveira RM, Herrera F et al (2011) Tau enhances \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in cellular models of synucleinopathy. PLoS ONE 6:e26609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0026609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026609"},{"key":"8421_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570553","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2025.1570553","volume":"19","author":"FJ Padilla-God\u00ednez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Padilla-God\u00ednez FJ, V\u00e1zquez-Garc\u00eda ER, Trujillo-Villagr\u00e1n MI et al (2025) \u0391-synuclein and tau: interactions, cross-seeding, and the redefinition of synucleinopathies as complex proteinopathies. Front Neurosci 19:1570553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2025.1570553","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0320-x","volume":"14","author":"D Twohig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Twohig D, Nielsen HM (2019) \u03b1-synuclein in the pathophysiology of alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 14:23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-019-0320-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"8421_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7470","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA119.012284","volume":"295","author":"J Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu J, Zhang S, Ma X et al (2020) Structural basis of the interplay between \u03b1-synuclein and Tau in regulating pathological amyloid aggregation. J Biol Chem 295:7470\u20137480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA119.012284","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"8421_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-43","volume":"9","author":"S Moussaud","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moussaud S, Jones DR, Moussaud-Lamodi\u00e8re EL et al (2014) Alpha-synuclein and tau: teammates in neurodegeneration? Mol Neurodegener 9:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1750-1326-9-43","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"8421_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3549","volume":"14","author":"DJ Irwin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irwin DJ, Lee VM-Y, Trojanowski JQ (2013) Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: convergence of \u03b1-synuclein, tau and amyloid-\u03b2 pathologies. Nat Rev Neurosci 14:626\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3549","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003537","volume":"9","author":"R Morales","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morales R, Moreno-Gonzalez I, Soto C (2013) Cross-seeding of misfolded proteins: implications for etiology and pathogenesis of protein misfolding diseases. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003537","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"8421_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vidovi\u0107 M, Rikalovic MG (2022) Alpha-Synuclein aggregation pathway in parkinson\u2019s disease: current status and novel therapeutic approaches. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11111732. Cells 11:","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11111732"},{"key":"8421_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02040-w","volume":"138","author":"N Van Den Berge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Den Berge N, Ferreira N, Gram H et al (2019) Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats. Acta Neuropathol 138:535\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-019-02040-w","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8421_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl269","volume":"129","author":"K Buerger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buerger K, Ewers M, Pirttil\u00e4 T et al (2006) CSF phosphorylated tau protein correlates with neocortical neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 129:3035\u20133041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl269","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8421_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3495","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.10.3495","volume":"11","author":"JV Shah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shah JV, Flanagan LA, Janmey PA, Leterrier J-F (2000) Bidirectional translocation of neurofilaments along microtubules mediated in part by dynein\/dynactin. Mol Biol Cell 11:3495\u20133508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1091\/mbc.11.10.3495","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"8421_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.01.008","volume":"112","author":"FP Manfredsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manfredsson FP, Luk KC, Benskey MJ et al (2018) Induction of alpha-synuclein pathology in the enteric nervous system of the rat and non-human primate results in gastrointestinal dysmotility and transient CNS pathology. Neurobiol Dis 112:106\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.01.008","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-140491","volume":"5","author":"HE Allen Reish","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allen Reish HE, Standaert DG (2015) Role of \u03b1-synuclein in inducing innate and adaptive immunity in Parkinson disease. J Parkinsons Dis 5:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-140491","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-019-0241-9","volume":"30","author":"EH Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn EH, Kang SS, Liu X et al (2020) Initiation of Parkinson\u2019s disease from gut to brain by \u03b4-secretase. Cell Res 30:70\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41422-019-0241-9","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"8421_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.32135","volume":"10","author":"MJ Morgan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morgan MJ, Gamez G, Menke C et al (2014) Regulation of autophagy and chloroquine sensitivity by oncogenic RAS in vitro is context-dependent. Autophagy 10:1814\u20131826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/auto.32135","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"8421_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.034","volume":"289","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Kurz MW (2010) The epidemiology of dementia associated with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Sci 289:18\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.034","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8421_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Whittaker HT, Qui Y, Bettencourt C, Houlden H (2017) Multiple system atrophy: genetic risks and alpha-synuclein mutations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.12193.1. F1000Research 6:2072","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12193.1"},{"key":"8421_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-012138","volume":"2","author":"NM Kanaan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanaan NM, Manfredsson FP (2012) Loss of functional alpha-synuclein: a toxic event in parkinson\u2019s disease? J Parkinsons Dis 2:249\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-012138","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nordengen K, Morland C (2024) From synaptic physiology to synaptic pathology: the enigma of \u03b1-Synuclein. Int J Mol Sci 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25020986","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020986"},{"key":"8421_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stefanis L (2012) \u03b1-Synuclein in parkinson\u2019s disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:a009399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a009399","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009399"},{"key":"8421_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137532","volume":"817","author":"A Gholami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gholami A (2023) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the role of proteins in formation, mechanisms, and new therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Lett 817:137532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137532","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"8421_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1707-9","volume":"133","author":"T Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo T, Noble W, Hanger DP (2017) Roles of Tau protein in health and disease. Acta Neuropathol 133:665\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-017-1707-9","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8421_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006247","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006247","volume":"2","author":"E-M Mandelkow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandelkow E-M, Mandelkow E (2012) Biochemistry and cell biology of Tau protein in neurofibrillary degeneration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:a006247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a006247","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"8421_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barto\u0161\u00edk V, Plucarov\u00e1 J, Lan\u00edkov\u00e1 A et al (2024) Structural basis of binding the unique N-terminal domain of microtubule-associated protein 2c to proteins regulating kinases of signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 300:107551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2024.107551"},{"key":"8421_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01150-0","volume":"14","author":"KH Shim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shim KH, Kang MJ, Youn YC et al (2022) Alpha-synuclein: a pathological factor with A\u03b2 and tau and biomarker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 14:201.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-022-01150-0","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"8421_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1709-7","volume":"134","author":"TL Spires-Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spires-Jones TL, Attems J, Thal DR (2017) Interactions of pathological proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Acta Neuropathol 134:187\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-017-1709-7","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8421_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00651-2","volume":"19","author":"DJ Rinauro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rinauro DJ, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Limbocker R (2024) Misfolded protein oligomers: mechanisms of formation, cytotoxic effects, and Pharmacological approaches against protein misfolding diseases. Mol Neurodegener 19:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-023-00651-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"8421_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crstbi.2022.11.002","volume":"4","author":"P Arghavani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arghavani P, Pirhaghi M, Moosavi-Movahedi F et al (2022) Amyloid management by chaperones: The mystery underlying protein oligomers\u2019 dual functions. Curr Res Struct Biol 4:356\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crstbi.2022.11.002","journal-title":"Curr Res Struct Biol"},{"key":"8421_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ajmal MR (2023) Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Proteinopathies: Causes, Mechanism and Cellular Response. Dis (Basel, Switzerland) 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases11010030","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11010030"},{"key":"8421_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-014-0073-2","volume":"6","author":"WS Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim WS, K\u00e5gedal K, Halliday GM (2014) Alpha-synuclein biology in lewy body diseases. Alzheimers Res Ther 6:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-014-0073-2","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"8421_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1608","volume":"69","author":"PT Kotzbauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kotzbauer PT, Cairns NJ, Campbell MC et al (2012) Pathologic accumulation of \u03b1-synuclein and A\u03b2 in Parkinson disease patients with dementia. Arch Neurol 69:1326\u20131331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1608","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145939","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1145939","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Jin J, Su D et al (2023) Tau-PET imaging in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Neurol 14:1145939","journal-title":"Front. Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400432","volume":"5","author":"JQ Trojanowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trojanowski JQ, Goedert M, Iwatsubo T, Lee VM (1998) Fatal attractions: abnormal protein aggregation and neuron death in parkinson\u2019s disease and lewy body dementia. Cell Death Differ 5:832\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400432","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"8421_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1","volume":"65","author":"IG McKeith","year":"2005","unstructured":"McKeith IG, Dickson DW, Lowe J et al (2005) Diagnosis and management of dementia with lewy bodies: third report of the DLB consortium. Neurology 65:1863\u20131872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187889.17253.b1","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8421_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt109","volume":"4","author":"SE Marsh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marsh SE, Blurton-Jones M (2012) Examining the mechanisms that link \u03b2-amyloid and \u03b1-synuclein pathologies. Alzheimers Res Ther 4:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/alzrt109","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"key":"8421_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.004","volume":"82","author":"TL Spires-Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spires-Jones TL, Hyman BT (2014) The intersection of amyloid beta and Tau at synapses in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron 82:756\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"8421_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-65","volume":"1","author":"JB Toledo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toledo JB, Cairns NJ, Da X et al (2013) Clinical and multimodal biomarker correlates of ADNI neuropathological findings. Acta Neuropathol Commun 1:65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2051-5960-1-65","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"8421_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2003.00530.x","volume":"24","author":"E Iseki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iseki E (2004) Dementia with lewy bodies: reclassification of pathological subtypes and boundary with parkinson\u2019s disease or alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropathology 24:72\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2003.00530.x","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"8421_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-510x(99)00327-5","volume":"174","author":"W Marui","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marui W, Iseki E, U\u00e9da K, Kosaka K (2000) Occurrence of human alpha-synuclein immunoreactive neurons with neurofibrillary tangle formation in the limbic areas of patients with alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol Sci 174:81\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-510x(99)00327-5","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8421_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rawat P, Sehar U, Bisht J et al (2022) Phosphorylated Tau in alzheimer\u2019s disease and other tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232112841","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232112841"},{"key":"8421_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bejanin A, Schonhaut DR, La Joie R et al (2017) Tau pathology and neurodegeneration contribute to cognitive impairment in alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 140:3286\u20133300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx243","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx243"},{"key":"8421_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Braak H, Del Tredici K (2016) Potential pathways of abnormal Tau and \u03b1-Synuclein dissemination in sporadic alzheimer\u2019s and parkinson\u2019s diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a023630","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a023630"},{"key":"8421_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Irwin DJ, Hurtig HI (2018) The contribution of tau, Amyloid-Beta and Alpha-Synuclein pathology to dementia in lewy body disorders. J Alzheimer\u2019s Dis Park. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2161-0460.1000444. 8:","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000444"},{"key":"8421_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02653-2","volume":"131","author":"J Sian-Hulsmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P (2024) The \u03b1-synucleinopathy syndicate: multiple system atrophy and parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm 131:585\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-023-02653-2","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"8421_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2022.102270","volume":"214","author":"U Sengupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sengupta U, Kayed R (2022) Amyloid \u03b2, tau, and \u03b1-Synuclein aggregates in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 214:102270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2022.102270","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"8421_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","volume":"65","author":"H Uchikado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uchikado H, Lin W-L, DeLucia MW, Dickson DW (2006) Alzheimer disease with amygdala lewy bodies: a distinct form of alpha-synucleinopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65:685\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.jnen.0000225908.90052.07","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0787-2","volume":"7","author":"ZA Sorrentino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sorrentino ZA, Goodwin MS, Riffe CJ et al (2019) Unique \u03b1-synuclein pathology within the amygdala in lewy body dementia: implications for disease initiation and progression. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7:142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-019-0787-2","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"8421_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00107","volume":"12","author":"E Vasili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vasili E, Dominguez-Meijide A, Outeiro TF (2019) Spreading of \u03b1-synuclein and tau: a systematic comparison of the mechanisms involved. Front Mol Neurosci 12:107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00107","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.057","volume":"154","author":"JL Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo JL, Covell DJ, Daniels JP et al (2013) Distinct \u03b1-Synuclein strains differentially promote Tau inclusions in neurons. Cell 154:103\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.057","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8421_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34885","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.148460","volume":"285","author":"T Nonaka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nonaka T, Watanabe ST, Iwatsubo T, Hasegawa M (2010) Seeded aggregation and toxicity of {alpha}-synuclein and tau: cellular models of neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 285:34885\u201334898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M110.148460","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"8421_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15046","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.736355","volume":"291","author":"T Oikawa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oikawa T, Nonaka T, Terada M et al (2016) \u0391-synuclein fibrils exhibit gain of toxic function, promoting Tau aggregation and inhibiting microtubule assembly. J Biol Chem 291:15046\u201315056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M116.736355","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"8421_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0490-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"LK Clinton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clinton LK, Blurton-Jones M, Myczek K et al (2010) Synergistic interactions between abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein: acceleration of neuropathology and cognitive decline. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 30:7281\u20137289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0490-10.2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bassil F, Meymand ES, Brown HJ et al (2021) \u03b1-Synuclein modulates Tau spreading in mouse brains. J Exp Med 218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20192193","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20192193"},{"key":"8421_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00215","volume":"58","author":"AKR Dasari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dasari AKR, Kayed R, Wi S, Lim KH (2019) Tau interacts with the c-terminal region of \u03b1-Synuclein, promoting formation of toxic aggregates with distinct molecular conformations. Biochemistry 58:2814\u20132821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00215","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"8421_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.382231","volume":"19","author":"M Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin M, Wang S, Gao X et al (2024) Pathological and physiological functional cross-talks of \u03b1-synuclein and Tau in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 19:855\u2013862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.382231","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"8421_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jan A, Gon\u00e7alves NP, Vaegter CB et al (2021) The Prion-Like spreading of Alpha-Synuclein in parkinson\u2019s disease: update on models and hypotheses. Int J Mol Sci 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22158338","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22158338"},{"key":"8421_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zampar S, Di Gregorio SE, Grimmer G et al (2024) Prion-like seeding and propagation of oligomeric protein assemblies in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Neurosci 18","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1436262"},{"key":"8421_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2022.167930","volume":"435","author":"S Neupane","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neupane S, De Cecco E, Aguzzi A (2023) The hidden Cell-to-Cell trail of \u03b1-Synuclein aggregates. J Mol Biol 435:167930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2022.167930","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"8421_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","volume":"14","author":"P Calabresi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calabresi P, Mechelli A, Natale G et al (2023) Alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other synucleinopathies: from overt neurodegeneration back to early synaptic dysfunction. Cell Death Dis 14:176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05672-9","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.01.028","volume":"207","author":"J Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu J, Lou H, Alerte TNM et al (2012) Lewy-like aggregation of \u03b1-synuclein reduces protein phosphatase 2A activity in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 207:288\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.01.028","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"8421_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00382","volume":"5","author":"J-M Taymans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taymans J-M, Baekelandt V (2014) Phosphatases of \u03b1-synuclein, LRRK2, and tau: important players in the phosphorylation-dependent pathology of parkinsonism. Front Genet 5:382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2014.00382","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"8421_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toleikis Z, Bobrovs R, Janoniene A et al (2022) Interactions between S100A9 and alpha-synuclein: insight from NMR spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23126781","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126781"},{"key":"8421_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-1004-6","volume":"124","author":"D Ebrahimi-Fakhari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Wahlster L, McLean PJ (2012) Protein degradation pathways in parkinson\u2019s disease: curse or blessing. Acta Neuropathol 124:153\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-012-1004-6","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"8421_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15194","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.457408","volume":"288","author":"SA Tanik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tanik SA, Schultheiss CE, Volpicelli-Daley LA et al (2013) Lewy body-like \u03b1-synuclein aggregates resist degradation and impair macroautophagy*\u2666. J Biol Chem 288:15194\u201315210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M113.457408","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"8421_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arotcarena M-L, Teil M, Dehay B (2019) Autophagy in synucleinopathy: the overwhelmed and defective machinery. Cells. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells8060565","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8060565"},{"key":"8421_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.4.14393","volume":"7","author":"AR Winslow","year":"2011","unstructured":"Winslow AR, Rubinsztein DC (2011) The Parkinson disease protein \u03b1-synuclein inhibits autophagy. Autophagy 7:429\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/auto.7.4.14393","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"8421_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deyell JS, Sriparna M, Ying M, Mao X (2023) The interplay between \u03b1-synuclein and microglia in \u03b1-synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24032477","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032477"},{"key":"8421_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743754","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.743754","volume":"13","author":"J Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han J, Fan Y, Wu P et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: synergistic effects of Alpha-synuclein, tau, Beta-amyloid, and iron. Front Aging Neurosci 13:743754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2021.743754","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-201965","volume":"10","author":"R Kayed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kayed R, Dettmer U, Lesn\u00e9 SE (2020) Soluble endogenous oligomeric \u03b1-synuclein species in neurodegenerative diseases: expression, spreading, and cross-talk. J Parkinsons Dis 10:791\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-201965","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"8421_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6160","volume":"358","author":"G Fusco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fusco G, Chen SW, Williamson PTF et al (2017) Structural basis of membrane disruption and cellular toxicity by \u03b1-synuclein oligomers. Science 358:1440\u20131443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aan6160","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8421_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burr\u00e9 J, Sharma M, S\u00fcdhof TC (2018) Cell biology and pathophysiology of \u03b1-synuclein. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a024091","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024091"},{"key":"8421_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.007","volume":"184","author":"T Stewart","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stewart T, Liu C, Ginghina C et al (2014) Cerebrospinal fluid \u03b1-Synuclein predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson disease progression in the DATATOP cohort. Am J Pathol 184:966\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.12.007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8421_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00560","volume":"9","author":"M Dolatshahi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dolatshahi M, Pourmirbabaei S, Kamalian A et al (2018) Longitudinal alterations of Alpha-Synuclein, amyloid beta, total, and phosphorylated Tau in cerebrospinal fluid and correlations between their changes in parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurol 9:560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.00560","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2303","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201202","volume":"99","author":"KAQ Cousins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cousins KAQ, Arezoumandan S, Shellikeri S et al (2022) CSF biomarkers of alzheimer disease in patients with concomitant \u03b1-Synuclein pathology. Neurology 99:e2303\u2013e2312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201202","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8421_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1608808","volume":"37","author":"AM Staffaroni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Staffaroni AM, Elahi FM, McDermott D et al (2017) Neuroimaging in dementia. Semin Neurol 37:510\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1608808","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1359312","volume":"33","author":"SL Risacher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Risacher SL, Saykin AJ (2013) Neuroimaging biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases and dementia. Semin Neurol 33:386\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1359312","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000309","volume":"22","author":"SN Gomperts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gomperts SN (2016) Lewy body dementias: dementia with lewy bodies and Parkinson disease dementia. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 22:435\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000000309","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"8421_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad388","volume":"147","author":"Y Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu Y, Hirst WD, Federoff HJ et al (2024) Nigrostriatal tau pathology in parkinsonism and parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 147:444\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awad388","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8421_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","volume":"7","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM et al (2021) Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Rev Dis Prim 7:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"8421_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.200","volume":"13","author":"DH Ffytche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ffytche DH, Creese B, Politis M et al (2017) The psychosis spectrum in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 13:81\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.200","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"8421_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-020-01776-5","volume":"71","author":"L Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan L, Meng L, He M, Zhang Z (2021) Tau in the pathophysiology of parkinson\u2019s disease. J Mol Neurosci 71:2179\u20132191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-020-01776-5","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"8421_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01440-6","volume":"10","author":"H Sekiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sekiya H, Tsuji A, Hashimoto Y et al (2022) Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and lewy-related pathology in parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 10:133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40478-022-01440-6","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"8421_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron2023.04.020","volume":"111","author":"M Colom-Cadena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colom-Cadena M, Davies C, Sirisi S et al (2023) Synaptic oligomeric tau in Alzheimer\u2019s disease - A potential culprit in the spread of tau pathology through the brain. Neuron 111:2170\u20132183.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron2023.04.020","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T03:13:33Z","timestamp":1759288413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["8421"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08421-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"\u00a0Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}