{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:15:12Z","timestamp":1785453312773,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T05:59:03Z","timestamp":1759989543000},"page":"6217-6226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk of dementia in patients treated with anticholinergics for overactive bladder syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9550-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Kotochinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Carrazzoni Godoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima Maria Thaiz da Fonte Gomes","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Guedes Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellgner","family":"Fernandes Oliveira Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Barroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thales","family":"Pardini Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"8546_CR1","unstructured":"WHO\u00a0(2017) Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017\u20132025. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-151348-7"},{"issue":"12","key":"8546_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e693","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00211-8","volume":"4","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li R, Xie J, Chen J, Liu S, Pan A, Liu G (2023) Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with incident early-onset and late-onset dementia: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Healthy Longev 4(12):e693\u2013e702","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"3","key":"8546_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2217\/1745509X.4.3.311","volume":"4","author":"M Boustani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boustani M, Campbell N, Munger S, Maidment I, Fox C (2008) Impact of anticholinergics on the aging brain: a review and practical application. Aging Health 4(3):311\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/1745509X.4.3.311","journal-title":"Aging Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"8546_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2016.1165664","volume":"15","author":"PS Nishtala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nishtala PS, Salahudeen MS, Hilmer SN (2016) Anticholinergics: theoretical and clinical overview. Expert Opin Drug Saf 15(6):753\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14740338.2016.1165664","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"12","key":"8546_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2024.2418950","volume":"23","author":"H Conn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Conn H, Jankovic J (2024) Drug-induced parkinsonism: diagnosis and treatment. Expert Opin Drug Saf 23(12):1503\u20131513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2024.2418950","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"8546_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2011.579899","volume":"10","author":"P Gerretsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerretsen P, Pollock BG (2011) Drugs with anticholinergic properties: a current perspective on use and safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf 10(5):751\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14740338.2011.579899","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"8546_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","volume":"134","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 134:178\u2013189","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"8546_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4827","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84229-2","volume":"11","author":"T Harnod","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harnod T, Yang YC, Chiu LT, Wang JH, Lin SZ, Ding DC (2021) Use of bladder antimuscarinics is associated with an increased risk of dementia: a retrospective population-based case\u2013control study. Sci Rep 11:4827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-84229-2","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"8546_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000799","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000799","volume":"3","author":"B Iyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iyen B, Coupland C, Bell BG, Ashcroft DM, Orrell MW, Bishara D, Dening T, Avery AJ (2024) Risk of dementia associated with anticholinergic drugs for overactive bladder in adults aged\u2009\u2265\u200955 years: nested case-control study. BMJ Med 3(1):e000799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjmed-2023-000799","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"8546_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002804","volume":"208","author":"MF Malcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Malcher MF, Droupy S, Berr C, Ziad A, Huguet H, Faillie JL, Serrand C, Mura T (2022) Dementia associated with anticholinergic drugs used for overactive bladder: a nested case-control study using the French National Medical-Administrative database. J Urol 208(4):863\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000002804","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8546_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.10.009","volume":"8","author":"R Matta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matta R, Gomes T, Juurlink D, Jarvi K, Herschorn S, Nam RK (2022) Receipt of overactive bladder drugs and incident dementia: a population-based case-control study. Eur Urol Focus 8(5):1433\u20131440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2021.10.009","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"issue":"1","key":"8546_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70036","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.70036","volume":"40","author":"Y Okita","year":"2025","unstructured":"Okita Y, Shimomura Y, Komukai S, Zha L, Komatsu M, Kimura Y, Gon Y, Murata F, Maeda M, Kiyohara K, Kitamura T, Fukuda H (2025) Risks of dementia associated with anticholinergic medication compared to Beta-3 agonist among older patients with overactive bladder in Japan: the LIFE study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 40(1):e70036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.70036","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"8546_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.02.002","volume":"10","author":"JS Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park JS, Choi SB, Jang WS, Kim J, Ham WS (2024) Risks of dementia after treatment with an Anticholinergic, Beta-3 Agonist, or combination of both for an overactive bladder: A Korean National cohort study. Eur Urol Focus 10(2):306\u2013314 Epub 2024 Feb 21","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"8546_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Richardson K, Fox C, Maidment I, Steel N, Loke YK, Arthur A, Myint PK, Grossi CM, Mattishent K, Bennett K, Campbell NL, Boustani M, Robinson L, Brayne C, Matthews FE, Savva GM (2018) Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study. BMJ 361:k1315. Erratum in: BMJ. 2019;367:l6213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l6213","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6213"},{"issue":"1","key":"8546_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15040","volume":"126","author":"B Welk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Welk B, McArthur E (2020) Increased risk of dementia among patients with overactive bladder treated with an anticholinergic medication compared to a beta-3 agonist: a population-based cohort study. BJU Int 126(1):183\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.15040","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"8546_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Morgan RL, Rooney AA, Taylor KW, Thayer KA, Raquel A, Silva RA, Courtney Lemeris C, Akl EA, Bateson TF, Berkman ND, Glenn BS, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, LaKind JS, McAleenan A, Meerpohl JJ, Nachman RM, Obbagy JE, O\u2019Connor A, Radke EG, Savovi\u0107 J, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Shea B, Tilling K, Verbeek J, Viswanathan M, Sterne JAC (2024) A tool to assess risk of bias in non-randomized follow-up studies of exposure effects (ROBINS-E). Environ Int (published online Mar 24); https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108602"},{"issue":"7454","key":"8546_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","volume":"328","author":"GRADE Working Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"GRADE Working Group (2004) Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 328(7454):1490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"8546_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2315074","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.15074","volume":"6","author":"D Luchristt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luchristt D, Bretschneider CE, Kenton K, Simon M, Brown O (2023) Inequities in filled overactive bladder medication prescriptions in the US. JAMA Netw Open 6(5):e2315074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.15074","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"8546_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dmochowski RR, Thai S, Iglay K (2021) Increased risk of incident dementia following use of anticholinergic agents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn 37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24536","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24536"},{"key":"8546_CR20","unstructured":"United States. Health Care Financing Administration (1995) ICD-9-CM : international classification of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification, 5th edn. Washington, D.C.? U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Health Care Financing Administration. Print"},{"key":"8546_CR21","volume-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1992) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision (ICD-10). World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"issue":"5","key":"8546_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003781","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003781.pub3","volume":"2023","author":"A Stoniute","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stoniute A, Madhuvrata P, Still M, Barron-Millar E, Nabi G, Omar MI (2023) Oral anticholinergic drugs versus placebo or no treatment for managing overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (5):CD003781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003781.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"8546_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000001301","volume":"29","author":"DN Carr","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carr DN, Macharia A, Hacker MR, Winkelman WD (2023) Despite Recommendations, anticholinergics account for the majority of prescriptions to treat overactive bladder in the united States. Urogynecol (Phila) 29(5):497\u2013503 .0000000000001301. Epub 2022 Nov 12","journal-title":"Urogynecol (Phila)"},{"issue":"8","key":"8546_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.25037","volume":"41","author":"J Zillioux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zillioux J, Welk B, Suskind AM, Gormley EA, Goldman HB (2022) Sufu white paper on overactive bladder anticholinergic medications and dementia risk. Neurourol Urodyn 41(8):1928\u20131933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.25037","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"8546_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061816","volume":"27","author":"ZR Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen ZR, Huang JB, Yang SL, Hong FF (2022) Role of cholinergic signaling in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Molecules 27(6):1816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27061816","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"8546_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01309","volume":"13","author":"J L\u00f3pez-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-\u00c1lvarez J, Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones J, Ag\u00fcera-Ortiz L (2019) Anticholinergic drugs in geriatric psychopharmacology. Front Neurosci 13:1309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.01309","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:40:21Z","timestamp":1764895221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8546"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08546-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare related to this project. All authors affirm that there are no financial or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this manuscript. This research did not receive any specific funding from public, commercial, or not-for-profit agencies. Ethical approval was not required, as this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based solely on previously published data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}