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While motor symptoms are well documented, the prevalence and clinical significance of urinary dysfunction particularly urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms remain underexplored in MG, with previous reports limited to small cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 86 MG patients and 90 age- and sex-matched inpatient controls were evaluated. All participants completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). MG severity was assessed using the Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale. MG patients were further categorized into early-onset (EOMG), late-onset (LOMG), and very late-onset (VLOMG) subgroups. Logistic regression identified predictors of UI, and Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis was used to evaluate time to first UI symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MG patients had significantly higher prevalence of UI symptoms (ICIQ-UI SF\u2009\u2265\u20096 in 52.3% vs. 12.2% in controls;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). LOMG patients exhibited the highest UI prevalence (63.2%) and progressed most rapidly to UI, while EOMG patients had the latest onset. OAB symptoms were also more prominent in MG, marked by higher OABSS and increased urgency. MG-ADL score independently predicted UI (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.04\u20135.46;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UI and OAB symptoms are more common in MG patients than in controls. MG-ADL score is an independent predictor of UI, and age at disease onset may influence the timing of UI development. Early identification and intervention may improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08588-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T09:43:54Z","timestamp":1767433434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Urinary dysfunction in myasthenia Gravis: a cross-sectional case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3025-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Shihada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Gorenshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil I.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahar","family":"Shelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"8588_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI179742","volume":"134","author":"HJ Kaminski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaminski HJ, Sikorski P, Coronel SI, Kusner LL (2024) Myasthenia gravis: the future is here. 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