{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T12:52:00Z","timestamp":1775911920205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007785","name":"Jinan Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201704101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201704101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2017MH114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2017MH114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2020QH109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2020QH109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022LSW010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022LSW010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023MH070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023MH070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QH390"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH390"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201477"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:28:39Z","timestamp":1767677319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of hepatic steatosis index with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongli","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiyao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruichun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9323-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinjian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"8592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0118-8","volume":"5","author":"BCV Campbell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campbell BCV et al (2019) Ischaemic stroke. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5:70","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"8592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00376-8","volume":"21","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gutierrez J, Turan TN, Hoh BL, Chimowitz MI (2022) Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 21:355\u2013368","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"8592_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043630","volume":"55","author":"LH Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen LH, Spagnolo-Allende A, Yang D, Qiao Y, Gutierrez J (2024) Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and imaging of atherosclerotic intracranial disease. Stroke 55:311\u2013323","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597278","volume":"42","author":"JF Arenillas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arenillas JF (2011) Intracranial atherosclerosis: current concepts. Stroke 42:S20\u201323","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.041","volume":"78","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gutierrez J et al (2021) Determinants and outcomes of asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 78:562\u2013571","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"8592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.042","volume":"78","author":"TN Turan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turan TN, Kicielinski KP (2021) Asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 78:572\u2013574","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"8592_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0878","volume":"77","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S (2020) Asymptomatic intracranial artery Stenosis-One less thing to worry about. JAMA Neurol 77:935\u2013936","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"8592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00193-6","volume":"9","author":"H Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6m H, Shang Y, Hegmar H, Nasr P (2024) Natural history and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:944\u2013956","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"8592_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","volume":"73","author":"M Eslam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eslam M et al (2020) A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement. J Hepatol 73:202\u2013209","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8592_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154868","volume":"123","author":"TME Davis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davis TME (2021) Diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism 123:154868","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"8592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-024-01542-6","volume":"24","author":"Y Castillo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castillo-N\u00fa\u00f1ez Y, Almeda-Valdes P, Gonz\u00e1lez-G\u00e1lvez G (2024) d. R. Arechavaleta-Granell, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and atherosclerosis. Curr Diab Rep 24:158\u2013166","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"8592_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-021-0888-8","volume":"16","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J et al (2022) New definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with elevated brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and albuminuria: a prospective cohort study. Front Med 16:714\u2013722","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"8592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154779","volume":"120","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S et al (2021) The progression and regression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease are associated with the development of subclinical atherosclerosis: A prospective analysis. Metabolism 120:154779","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"8592_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02083-0","volume":"22","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y et al (2023) Association of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease with systemic atherosclerosis: a community-based cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 22:342","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"8592_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"A Afshin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afshin A et al (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med 377:13\u201327","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.002","volume":"79","author":"M Kjaergaard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kjaergaard M et al (2023) Using the ELF test, FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score to screen the population for liver disease. J Hepatol 79:277\u2013286","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8592_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.08.002","volume":"42","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee J-H et al (2010) Hepatic steatosis index: A simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Disease 42:503\u2013508","journal-title":"Dig Liver Disease"},{"key":"8592_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.62010","volume":"18","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C et al (2021) Association of hepatic steatosis index and fatty liver index with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. Int J Med Sci 18:3280\u20133289","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"8592_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.045601","volume":"55","author":"X Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma X et al (2024) Association of sdLDL-C with incident carotid plaques with stable and vulnerable morphology: A prospective cohort study. Stroke 55:576\u2013585","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e039215","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.039215","volume":"14","author":"M Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen M et al (2025) Association of sleep duration with incident carotid plaque: A prospective cohort study. J Am Heart Assoc 14:e039215","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"8592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-025-01723-7","volume":"49","author":"L Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo L et al (2025) Association of novel metabolic status with asymptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis: A cross-sectional study. Int J Obes (Lond) 49:1024\u20131030","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"8592_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.621235","volume":"42","author":"L Zhao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao L et al (2011) Velocity criteria for intracranial stenosis revisited. Stroke 42:3429\u20133434","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.499392","volume":"39","author":"G Tsivgoulis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tsivgoulis G et al (2008) Applications and advantages of power Motion-Mode doppler in acute posterior circulation cerebral ischemia. Stroke 39:1197\u20131204","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000261488.05906.c1","volume":"68","author":"E Feldmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldmann E et al (2007) The stroke outcomes and neuroimaging of intracranial atherosclerosis (SONIA) trial. Neurology 68:2099\u20132106","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8592_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100004455","volume":"32","author":"C Honish","year":"2014","unstructured":"Honish C, Sadanand V, Fladeland D, Chow V, Pirouzmand F (2014) The reliability of ultrasound measurements of carotid stenosis compared to MRA and DSA. Can J Neurol Sci \/ J Canadien Des Sci Neurologiques 32:465\u2013471","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci \/ J Canadien Des Sci Neurologiques"},{"key":"8592_CR26","first-page":"643","volume":"21","author":"OB Samuels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samuels OB, Joseph GJ, Lynn MJ, Smith HA, Chimowitz MI (2000) A standardized method for measuring intracranial arterial stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:643\u2013646","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"8592_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022126","volume":"49","author":"B Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu B et al (2018) Elevated neutrophil and presence of intracranial artery stenosis increase the risk of recurrent stroke. Stroke 49:2294\u20132300","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8592_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.04.030","volume":"53","author":"G Targher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Targher G et al (2010) Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Hepatol 53:713\u2013718","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"8592_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000537","volume":"32","author":"AD Bali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bali AD, Rosenzveig A, Frishman WH (2023) Aronow, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: causation or association. Cardiol Rev 32:453\u2013462","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"8592_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197221091317","volume":"73","author":"S Balta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balta S (2022) Atherosclerosis and Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease. Angiology 73:701\u2013711","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"8592_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-020-01709-7","volume":"110","author":"P Kasper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasper P et al (2020) NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases: a clinical review. Clin Res Cardiol 110:921\u2013937","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"8592_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00013.2023","volume":"38","author":"M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li M, Wang H, Zhang X-J, Cai J, Li H (2023) NAFLD: an emerging causal factor for cardiovascular disease. Physiology 38:255\u2013265","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"8592_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200446","volume":"134","author":"L Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang L, She Z-G, Li H, Zhang X-J (2020) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a metabolic burden promoting atherosclerosis. Clin Sci 134:1775\u20131799","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"8592_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14651","volume":"24","author":"B Cariou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cariou B (2022) The metabolic triad of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, visceral adiposity and type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment. Diabetes Obes Metabolism 24:15\u201327","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metabolism"},{"key":"8592_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30084-1","volume":"7","author":"IJ Neeland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neeland IJ et al (2019) Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 7:715\u2013725","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:05:07Z","timestamp":1773068707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["8592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08592-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the manuscript for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"104"}}