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To identify the determinants of falls in pwMS with low disability (EDSS\u2009&lt;\u20094.0) and to examine the utility of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in guiding timely fall prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty RRMS patients (EDSS\u2009&lt;\u20094.0, aged 18\u201350 years) and 30 age, sex, and education-matched healthy controls were assessed. Participants were evaluated for fall history (retrospective and prospective), static and dynamic balance, gait speed (T25FW), walking limitations (MSWS-12), cognitive function (MoCA), depression (BDI-II), and fear of falling (FES-I). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with FoF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Falls occurred in 48% of pwMS and 30% of healthy subjects (HC) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1). FoF was significantly more common in pwMS (50%) than in HCs (23.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). MS patients who fell had significantly higher MSWS-12 and FES-I scores than non-fallers (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, respectively). FoF positively correlated with age, disease duration, EDSS, static balance, and MSWS-12, and negatively with education level. In linear regression, MSWS-12 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and disease duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) were significant predictors of FoF.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FoF is common among pwMS even at low disability levels and may contribute to fall risk and activity restriction. PROMs, particularly MSWS-12 and FES-I, are valuable tools for identifying fall-prone individuals and should be integrated into routine clinical assessments to enable early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08605-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T04:24:54Z","timestamp":1767759894000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["PROMs reveal early fall risk in the absence of clinical disability in people with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3613-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur\u015fen","family":"Kurtulu\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7702-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysun","family":"\u00dcnal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6034-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beng\u00fc","family":"Altunan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0245-0713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiz","family":"Dilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6898-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asl\u0131 Aksoy","family":"G\u00fcndo\u011fdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0771-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birol","family":"Top\u00e7u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"8605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, Correale J et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. 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