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This secondary analysis of the triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency in ischaemic stroke (TARDIS) trial explored clinical outcomes across prior antiplatelet groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TARDIS was an international prospective-randomised open-label blinded-endpoint trial assessing 30\u00a0days of triple vs. guideline antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA. The number of pre-stroke\/TIA antiplatelet agents was collected pre-randomisation. The primary outcome was the combined incidence of, and dependency from, any recurrent stroke (using the modified Rankin Scale) or TIA within 90\u00a0days analysed using ordinal logistic regression with adjustment for prognostic factors. Baseline imaging features of brain frailty were adjudicated centrally by neuroimaging experts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      1080\/3096 (34.9%) participants were on an antiplatelet agent prior to their stroke\/TIA and were older, more likely to be male, had more co-morbidities and dependency, and more baseline imaging features of brain frailty than those not on prior antiplatelets. They had a higher incidence of, and dependency from, recurrent stroke or TIA at day 90: 86 (8%) vs. 112 (5.6%), adjusted common OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.02\u20131.92,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036; the result was neutralised when adjusted for brain frailty. Randomisation to triple vs. guideline therapy did not influence this effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants taking prior antiplatelets were frailer and had a higher incidence and severity of recurrent stroke or TIA at 90\u00a0days compared with those not on prior antiplatelets prior to adjustment for brain frailty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ISRCTN47823388.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08625-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:13:16Z","timestamp":1769231596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of prior antiplatelet therapy on recurrence in patients with acute cerebral ischaemia: data from the triple antiplatelets for reducing dependency after ischaemic stroke (TARDIS) randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2604-4410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason P.","family":"Appleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Beridze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob A.","family":"Dineen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thompson G.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Sprigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2734-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip M.","family":"Bath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the TARDIS investigators*","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"8625_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802712","volume":"378","author":"P Amarenco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amarenco P, Lavall\u00e9e PC, Monteiro Tavares L, Labreuche J, Albers GW, Abboud H et al (2018) Five-year risk of stroke after TIA or minor ischemic stroke. 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National competent authorities gave approvals for the study in each participating country. The trial was overseen by a trial steering committee and an international advisory committee, comprising each national coordinator.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}},{"value":"JPA is supported, in part, by a Nottingham University Hospitals Research & Innovation award; PMB is Stroke Association Professor of Stroke Medicine and an Emeritus NIHR Senior Investigator; TGR is an NIHR Senior Investigator. All other authors have no competing interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"191"}}