{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T04:40:43Z","timestamp":1773117643820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QH084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:11:49Z","timestamp":1767424309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of botulinum toxin injection on cricopharyngeal dysphagia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaona","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5340-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820931470","volume":"163","author":"K Dewan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dewan K, Santa Maria C, Noel J (2020) Cricopharyngeal achalasia: management and associated outcomes-a scoping review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 163(6):1109\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0194599820931470","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016639057","volume":"11","author":"DL Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen DL, Roffe C, Beavan J, Blackett B, Fairfield CA, Hamdy S, Havard D, McFarlane M, McLauglin C, Randall M, Robson K, Scutt P, Smith C, Smithard D, Sprigg N, Warusevitane A, Watkins C, Woodhouse L, Bath PM (2016) Post-stroke dysphagia: a review and design considerations for future trials. Int J Stroke 11(4):399\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1747493016639057","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25447","volume":"126","author":"P Kocdor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kocdor P, Siegel ER, Tulunay-Ugur OE (2016) Cricopharyngeal dysfunction: a systematic review comparing outcomes of dilatation, botulinum toxin injection, and myotomy. Laryngoscope 126(1):135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.25447","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0059-7","volume":"16","author":"JJ Haapaniemi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Haapaniemi JJ, Laurikainen EA, Pulkkinen J, Marttila RJ (2001) Botulinum toxin in the treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia 16(3):171\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-001-0059-7","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00007520","volume":"259","author":"M Moerman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moerman M, Callier Y, Dick C, Vermeersch H (2002) Botulinum toxin for dysphagia due to cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 259(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00007520","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/s0196-0709(97)90080-6","volume":"18","author":"S Baredes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Baredes S, Shah CS, Kaufman R (1997) The frequency of cricopharyngeal dysfunction on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in patients with dysphagia. Am J Otolaryngol 18(3):185\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0196-0709(97)90080-6","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(00)70198-7","volume":"122","author":"SF Ahsan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ahsan SF, Meleca RJ, Dworkin JP (2000) Botulinum toxin injection of the cricopharyngeus muscle for the treatment of dysphagia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 122(5):691\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0194-5998(00)70198-7","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10310-7","volume":"37","author":"M Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie M, Zeng P, Wan G, An D, Tang Z, Li C, Wei X, Shi J, Zhang Y, Dou Z, Wen H (2022) The effect of combined guidance of Botulinum toxin injection with ultrasound, catheter balloon, and electromyography on neurogenic cricopharyngeal dysfunction: a prospective study. Dysphagia 37(3):601\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-021-10310-7","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"11","key":"8718_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04495-2","volume":"41","author":"M Panebianco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Panebianco M, Marchese-Ragona R, Masiero S, Restivo DA (2020) Dysphagia in neurological diseases: a literature review. Neurol Sci 41(11):3067\u20133073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-04495-2","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8718_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.43.2.430","volume":"43","author":"J Horner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Horner J, Brazer SR, Massey EW (1993) Aspiration in bilateral stroke patients: a validation study. Neurology 43(2):430\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.43.2.430","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0087-3","volume":"16","author":"DL Doggett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Doggett DL, Tappe KA, Mitchell MD, Chapell R, Coates V, Turkelson CM (2001) Prevention of pneumonia in elderly stroke patients by systematic diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia: an evidence-based comprehensive analysis of the literature. Dysphagia 16(4):279\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-001-0087-3","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"8","key":"8718_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200308000-00023","volume":"113","author":"SG Hiss","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hiss SG, Postma GN (2003) Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Laryngoscope 113(8):1386\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005537-200308000-00023","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-000-0059-z","volume":"2","author":"IM Lang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lang IM, Shaker R (2000) An overview of the upper esophageal sphincter. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2(3):185\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-000-0059-z","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 4a","key":"8718_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27S","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(99)00337-x","volume":"108","author":"DV Sivarao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sivarao DV, Goyal RK (2000) Functional anatomy and physiology of the upper esophageal sphincter. Am J Med 108(Suppl 4a):27S-37S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9343(99)00337-x","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"8718_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1506820","volume":"53","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeong SH, Kim YJ, Kim YJ, Park KD, Kim EJ, Chung JW, Kwon KA, Kim KO, Park DK, Kim JH, Cho JH (2018) Endoscopic botulinum toxin injection for treatment of pharyngeal dysphagia in patients with cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Scand J Gastroenterol 53(10\u201311):1201\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2018.1506820","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2114-4","volume":"270","author":"V Woisard-Bassols","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woisard-Bassols V, Alshehri S, Simonetta-Moreau M (2013) The effects of botulinum toxin injections into the cricopharyngeus muscle of patients with cricopharyngeus dysfunction associated with pharyngo-laryngeal weakness. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 270(3):805\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00405-012-2114-4","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-019-10070-5","volume":"35","author":"J Huai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huai J, Hou Y, Guan J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Yue S (2020) Botulinum toxin A injection using esophageal balloon radiography combined with CT guidance for the treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia. Dysphagia 35(4):630\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-019-10070-5","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"10","key":"8718_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000959","volume":"97","author":"YC Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang YC, Shyu SG, Wu CH, Wang TG (2018) Ultrasound-guided injection of botulinum toxin for cricopharyngeal dysphagia. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 97(10):e102\u2013e103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000959","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050321","volume":"14","author":"P Wei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wei P (2022) Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Toxins (Basel) 14(5):321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14050321","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"8718_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"b2535","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535","volume":"339","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 339:b2535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2535","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2004.11.010","volume":"26","author":"T Murry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murry T, Wasserman T, Carrau RL, Castillo B (2005) Injection of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of dysfunction of the upper esophageal sphincter. Am J Otolaryngol 26(3):157\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2004.11.010","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8718_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417897","volume":"11","author":"JC Rosenbek","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenbek JC, Robbins JA, Roecker EB, Coyle JL, Wood JL (1996) A penetration-aspiration scale. Dysphagia 11(2):93\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00417897","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0074-8","volume":"16","author":"GY Shaw","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shaw GY, Searl JP (2001) Botulinum toxin treatment for cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Dysphagia 16(3):161\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-001-0074-8","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"8","key":"8718_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.11.049","volume":"86","author":"MA Crary","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crary MA, Mann GD, Groher ME (2005) Initial psychometric assessment of a functional oral intake scale for dysphagia in stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86(8):1516\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.11.049","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-210113","volume":"49","author":"S Luan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luan S, Wu SL, Xiao LJ, Yang HY, Liao MX, Wang SL, Fan SN, Ma C (2021) Comparison studies of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection and balloon catheter dilatation in the treatment of neurogenic cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction. NeuroRehabil 49(4):629\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/NRE-210113","journal-title":"NeuroRehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"8718_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2022.2041716","volume":"57","author":"L Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu L, Chen J, Shao X, Pu X, Zheng J, Zhang J, Wu X, Wu D (2022) Botulinum toxin A injection using ultrasound combined with balloon guidance for the treatment of cricopharyngeal dysphagia: analysis of 21 cases. Scand J Gastroenterol 57(7):884\u2013890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2022.2041716","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489416689469","volume":"126","author":"MS Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim MS, Kim GW, Rho YS, Kwon KH, Chung EJ (2017) Office-based electromyography-guided botulinum toxin injection to the Cricopharyngeus muscle: optimal patient selection and technique. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 126(5):349\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003489416689469","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"8718_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.06.018","volume":"87","author":"DY Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim DY, Park CI, Ohn SH, Moon JY, Chang WH, Park SW (2006) Botulinum toxin type A for poststroke cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87(10):1346\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.06.018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181a0dc47","volume":"88","author":"SY Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee SY, Seo HG, Paik NJ (2009) Botulinum toxin injection for dysphagia: a blinded retrospective videofluoroscopic swallowing study analysis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 88(6):491\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181a0dc47","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21939","volume":"82","author":"TR Han","year":"2001","unstructured":"Han TR, Paik NJ, Park JW (2001) Quantifying swallowing function after stroke: a functional dysphagia scale based on videofluoroscopic studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82(5):677\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2001.21939","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"8718_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-1424.2024.10.006","volume":"46","author":"YL Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu YL, Li Y, Zhang QS, Li HP, Zeng HJ, Zeng J, Zhu DJ, Ma XY, Zeng X, Wang LG (2024) Combining ultrasound with balloon-guided injection of botulinum toxin in the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia. Chin J Phys Med Rehabil 46(10):898\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.issn.0254-1424.2024.10.006","journal-title":"Chin J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"8718_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318281cc1b","volume":"12","author":"DA Restivo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Restivo DA, Casabona A, Nicotra A, Zappia M, Elia M, Romano MC, Alfonsi E, Marchese-Ragona R (2013) ALS dysphagia pathophysiology: differential botulinum toxin response. Neurology 12(7):616\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318281cc1b","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03189.x","volume":"18","author":"DA Restivo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Restivo DA, Marchese-Ragona R, Patti F, Solaro C, Maimone D, Zappal\u00e1 G, Pavone A (2011) Botulinum toxin improves dysphagia associated with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 18(3):486\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03189.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"8718_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2486","volume":"29","author":"DA Restivo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Restivo DA, Marchese-Ragona R, Lauria G, Squatrito S, Gullo D, Vigneri R (2006) Botulinum toxin treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia associated with diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care 29(12):2650\u20132653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc05-2486","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"8718_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12213","volume":"25","author":"R Terr\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Terr\u00e9 R, Panad\u00e9s A, Mearin F (2013) Botulinum toxin treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with stroke. Neurogastroenterol Motil 25(11):896-e702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nmo.12213","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"10","key":"8718_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215115002327","volume":"129","author":"SD Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma SD, Kumar G, Eweiss A, Chatrath P, Kaddour H (2015) Endoscopic-guided injection of botulinum toxin into the cricopharyngeus muscle: our experience. J Laryngol Otol 129(10):990\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215115002327","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"7","key":"8718_CR37","first-page":"870","volume":"127","author":"AY Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen AY, Frankowski R, Bishop-Leone J, Hebert T, Leyk S, Lewin J, Goepfert H (2001) The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer: the M. D. Anderson dysphagia inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127(7):870\u2013876","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"8718_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","volume":"73","author":"K Slim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J (2003) Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): development and validation of a new instrument. ANZ J Surg 73(9):712\u2013716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"8718_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949009900610","volume":"99","author":"J Elidan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elidan J, Shochina M, Gonen B, Gay I (1990) Electromyography of the inferior constrictor and cricopharyngeal muscles during swallowing. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 99(6 Pt 1):466\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949009900610","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197001000-00001","volume":"80","author":"T Shipp","year":"1970","unstructured":"Shipp T, Deatsch WW, Robertson K (1970) Pharyngoesophageal muscle activity during swallowing in man. Laryngoscope 80(1):1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1288\/00005537-197001000-00001","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"5","key":"8718_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009968","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009968.pub2","volume":"2014","author":"J Regan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Regan J, Murphy A, Chiang M, McMahon BP, Coughlan T, Walshe M (2014) Botulinum toxin for upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction in neurological swallowing disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014(5):CD009968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009968.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.118967","volume":"54","author":"RK Popli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Popli RK, Helm JF (2001) Endoscopic images in cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Gastrointest Endosc 54(6):752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mge.2001.118967","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"7","key":"8718_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215116007994","volume":"130","author":"A Ashman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ashman A, Dale OT, Baldwin DL (2016) Management of isolated cricopharyngeal dysfunction: systematic review. J Laryngol Otol 130(7):611\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022215116007994","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.174698","volume":"81","author":"E Alfonsi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alfonsi E, Merlo IM, Ponzio M, Montomoli C, Tassorelli C, Biancardi C, Lozza A, Martignoni E (2010) An electrophysiological approach to the diagnosis of neurogenic dysphagia: implications for botulinum toxin treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81(1):54\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2009.174698","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"8718_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00080","volume":"22","author":"E Alfonsi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfonsi E, Restivo DA, Cosentino G, De Icco R, Bertino G, Schindler A, Todisco M, Fresia M, Cortese A, Prunetti P, Ramusino MC, Moglia A, Sandrini G, Tassorelli C (2017) Botulinum toxin is effective in the management of neurogenic dysphagia. Clinical-electrophysiological findings and tips on safety in different neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 22(8):80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2017.00080","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"13","key":"8718_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25582","volume":"28","author":"J Ramirez-Castaneda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramirez-Castaneda J, Jankovic J, Comella C, Dashtipour K, Fernandez HH, Mari Z (2013) Diffusion, spread, and migration of botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 28(13):1775\u20131783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25582","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"8718_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1148\/89.4.639","volume":"89","author":"C Zaino","year":"1967","unstructured":"Zaino C, Jacobson HG, Lepow H, Ozturk C (1967) The pharyngoesophageal sphincter. Radiology 89(4):639\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/89.4.639","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.14006","volume":"24","author":"CL Adams","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adams CL, Lohan S, Bruce A, Kamalaraj N, Gunaratne S, White R (2021) Cricopharyngeal bar and dermatomyositis: a cause of rapidly progressive dysphagia. Int J Rheum Dis 24(1):125\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.14006","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"8718_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941312200205","volume":"122","author":"EA Kelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly EA, Koszewski IJ, Jaradeh SS, Merati AL, Blumin JH, Bock JM (2013) Botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 122(2):100\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348941312200205","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8718_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949410300105","volume":"103","author":"I Schneider","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schneider I, Thumfart WF, Pototschnig C, Eckel HE (1994) Treatment of dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle with botulinum A toxin: introduction of a new, noninvasive method. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 103(1):31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000348949410300105","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8718_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2018.42.2.358","volume":"42","author":"BW Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim BW, Kim HJ, Hyun JK, Kim SY, Kim TU (2018) Botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of postextubation dysphagia: a case report. Ann Rehabil Med 42(2):358\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5535\/arm.2018.42.2.358","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"8718_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24464","volume":"124","author":"MA Scholes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scholes MA, McEvoy T, Mousa H, Wiet GJ (2014) Cricopharyngeal achalasia in children: botulinum toxin injection as a tool for diagnosis and treatment. Laryngoscope 124(6):1475\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.24464","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"11","key":"8718_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04464.x","volume":"21","author":"MA Mateen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mateen MA, Kaffes AJ, Sriram PV, Rao GV, Reddy DN (2006) Modified technique of high-resolution ultrasonography of the normal cervical esophagus. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 21(11):1660\u20131663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04464.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8718_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0060-1","volume":"16","author":"WJ Ravich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ravich WJ (2001) Botulinum toxin for UES dysfunction: therapy or poison? Dysphagia 16(3):168\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-001-0060-1","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"11","key":"8718_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802245403","volume":"43","author":"R Terre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Terre R, Valles M, Panades A, Mearin F (2008) Long-lasting effect of a single botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to upper esophageal sphincter dysfunction: a pilot study. Scand J Gastroenterol 43(11):1296\u20131303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520802245403","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T16:04:32Z","timestamp":1773072272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["8718"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-025-08718-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent statement"}}],"article-number":"74"}}