{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:30:11Z","timestamp":1783787411195,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with in-hospital mortality among hospitalizations of adults with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) in the United States (US).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalizations for PRES in patients\u2009\u2265\u200918 years were abstracted from the NIS (2016\u20132022). To identify clinical factors associated with in-hospital mortality, univariable logistic regression models were estimated and significant predictors were retained in a multivariable logistic regression model. Collinearity was assessed via variance inflation factors. Association was quantified using adjusted odds ratios (aOR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were an estimated 75,830 PRES hospitalizations, of which, 3,665 in-hospital deaths occurred (4.8%). Decedents were older, had longer stays, and higher costs. In the adjusted model, the strongest factors associated with increased mortality were respiratory failure (aOR 5.43; 95% CI 4.40\u20136.71), sepsis (aOR 2.45; 95% CI 2.02\u20132.96), and ischemic stroke (aOR 2.25; 95% CI 1.86\u20132.72). Additional independent risk factors included cerebral edema, coma, intracerebral hemorrhage, severe liver disease, subarachnoid hemorrhage, kidney disorders, status epilepticus, encephalitis\/encephalomyelitis, malignancy, complications of transplanted organs, and COVID-19. Documented hypertensive crisis (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52 to 0.75) and history of epilepsy\/seizures (OR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.81) were associated with lower odds of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory failure, sepsis, and cerebrovascular complications drive in-hospital mortality in PRES. Early airway protection, aggressive supportive care, and prompt neurovascular evaluation for high-risk patients may improve outcomes. Prospective studies with granular clinical and imaging data are needed to refine prognostic models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-08916-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T02:38:07Z","timestamp":1771900687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Factors associated with mortality in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a nationwide analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al-Salahat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle B.","family":"Dilsaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ripudaman","family":"Kahlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Roshan","family":"Asghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"8916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2114482","volume":"388","author":"RG Geocadin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geocadin RG (2023) Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. 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We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal. We confirm adherence to ethical guidelines and ethical approval (IRB) provided in the methods section in the manuscript. We followed the RECORDS reporting guidelines throughout the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"286"}}