{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:14:36Z","timestamp":1776244476073,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:52:12Z","timestamp":1774486332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TSPO-PET highlights an atypical mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7774-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingxue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuye","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liankun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8998_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10787","volume":"55","author":"R McFarland","year":"2004","unstructured":"McFarland R, Kirby DM, Fowler KJ, Ohtake A, Ryan MT, Amor DJ, Fletcher JM, Dixon JW, Collins FA, Turnbull DM et al (2004) De novo mutations in the mitochondrial ND3 gene as a cause of infantile mitochondrial encephalopathy and complex I deficiency. Ann Neurol 55:58\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.10787","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8998_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000084","volume":"21","author":"I Vodopivec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vodopivec I, Cho TA, Rizzo JF 3rd, Frosch MP, Sims KB (2016) Mitochondrial encephalopathy and optic neuropathy due to m.10158 MT-ND3 complex I mutation presenting in an adult patient: case report and review of the literature. Neurologist 21:61\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000084","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"8998_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.06.005","volume":"27","author":"V Papadopoulos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Papadopoulos V, Baraldi M, Guilarte TR, Knudsen TB, Lacap\u00e8re J-J, Lindemann P, Norenberg MD, Nutt D, Weizman A, Zhang M-R et al (2006) Translocator protein (18\u00a0kDa): new nomenclature for the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor based on its structure and molecular function. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27:402\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2006.06.005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"8998_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.12.004","volume":"118","author":"M-K Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen M-K, Guilarte TR (2008) Translocator protein 18\u00a0kDa (TSPO): molecular sensor of brain injury and repair. Pharmacol Ther 118:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.12.004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"8998_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2321","volume":"123","author":"RB Banati","year":"2000","unstructured":"Banati RB, Newcombe J, Gunn RN, Cagnin A, Turkheimer F, Heppner F, Price G, Wegner F, Giovannoni G, Miller DH et al (2000) The peripheral benzodiazepine binding site in the brain in multiple sclerosis: quantitative in vivo imaging of microglia as a measure of disease activity. Brain 123(11):2321\u20132337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/123.11.2321","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8998_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2761","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012033","volume":"96","author":"J van den Ameele","year":"2021","unstructured":"van den Ameele J, Hong YT, Manavaki R, Kouli A, Biggs H, MacIntyre Z, Horvath R, Yu-Wai-Man P, Reid E, Williams-Gray CH et al (2021) [11\u00a0C]PK11195-PET brain imaging of the mitochondrial translocator protein in mitochondrial disease. Neurology 96:e2761\u2013e2773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012033","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8998_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.156083","volume":"56","author":"S Lavisse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lavisse S, Garc\u00eda-Lorenzo D, Peyronneau M-A, Bodini B, Thiriez C, Kuhnast B, Comtat C, Remy P, Stankoff B, Bottlaender M (2015) Optimized quantification of translocator protein radioligand 18F-DPA-714 uptake in the brain of genotyped healthy volunteers. J Nucl Med : Off Publ Soc Nucl Med 56:1048\u20131054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.115.156083","journal-title":"J Nucl Med : Off Publ Soc Nucl Med"},{"key":"8998_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056441","volume":"8","author":"H Boutin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boutin H, Prenant C, Maroy R, Galea J, Greenhalgh AD, Smigova A, Cawthorne C, Julyan P, Wilkinson SM, Banister SD et al (2013) [18F]DPA-714: direct comparison with [11\u00a0C]PK11195 in a model of cerebral ischemia in rats. PLoS ONE 8:e56441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0056441","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"8998_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.058669","volume":"50","author":"F Chauveau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chauveau F, Van Camp N, Doll\u00e9 F, Kuhnast B, Hinnen F, Damont A, Boutin H, James M, Kassiou M, Tavitian B (2009) Comparative evaluation of the translocator protein radioligands 11\u00a0C-DPA-713, 18F-DPA-714, and 11\u00a0C-PK11195 in a rat model of acute neuroinflammation. J Nucl Med : Off Publ Soc Nucl Med 50:468\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2967\/jnumed.108.058669","journal-title":"J Nucl Med : Off Publ Soc Nucl Med"},{"key":"8998_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/ncn3.173","volume":"3","author":"M Mukai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mukai M, Sugaya K, Ozawa T, Goto Y, Yagishita A, Matsubara S, Bokuda K, Miyakoshi A, Nakano I (2015) Isolated mitochondrial stroke-like episodes in an elderly patient with the MT \u2010 ND 3 gene mutation. Neurol Clin Neurosci 3:153\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ncn3.173","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8998_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20310","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020310","volume":"99","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang S, Song T, Wang S (2020) Mitochondrial DNA 10158T\u2009>\u2009C mutation in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes syndrome: a case-report and literature review (CARE-complaint). Med (Baltim) 99:e20310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000020310","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"8998_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7301","volume":"56","author":"M Mukai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukai M, Nagata E, Mizuma A, Yamano M, Sugaya K, Nishino I, Goto Y-I, Takizawa S (2017) Adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke (MELAS)-like encephalopathy diagnosed based on the complete sequencing of mitochondrial DNA extracted from biopsied muscle without any myopathic changes. Intern Med (Tokyo Jpn) 56:95\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.56.7301","journal-title":"Intern Med (Tokyo Jpn)"},{"key":"8998_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.08.005","volume":"40","author":"T Kouga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kouga T, Takagi M, Miyauchi A, Shimbo H, Iai M, Yamashita S, Murayama K, Klein MB, Miller G, Goto T et al (2018) Japanese leigh syndrome case treated with EPI-743. Brain Dev 40:145\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2017.08.005","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"8998_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.313034","volume":"16","author":"M Pinti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinti M, Ferraro D, Nasi M (2021) Microglia activation: a role for mitochondrial DNA? Neural Regener Res 16:2393\u20132394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.313034","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"key":"8998_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112898","volume":"10","author":"A De Gaetano","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Gaetano A, Solodka K, Zanini G, Selleri V, Mattioli AV, Nasi M, Pinti M (2021) Molecular mechanisms of mtDNA-mediated inflammation. Cells 10:2898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10112898","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"8998_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02613-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Xia X, Wang Y, Zheng JC (2022) Mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia: a novel perspective for pathogenesis of alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation 19:248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-022-02613-9","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"8998_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615764","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1615764","volume":"6","author":"S Mani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mani S, Wasnik S, Shandilya C, Srivastava V, Khan S, Singh KK (2025) Pathogenic synergy: dysfunctional mitochondria and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. Front Aging 6:1615764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2025.1615764","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"8998_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70385","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70385","volume":"6","author":"J Mei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mei J, Ding, Gao C, Zhou J, Li Z, Zhang C, Gao J (2025) Mitochondrial diseases: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. MedComm 6:e70385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.70385","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"8998_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020512","volume":"9","author":"C Betlazar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Betlazar C, Middleton RJ, Banati R, Liu G-J (2020) The translocator protein (TSPO) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and immune processes. Cells 9:512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9020512","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"8998_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2024.5371","volume":"53","author":"P Qin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qin P, Sun Y, Li L (2024) Mitochondrial dysfunction in chronic neuroinflammatory diseases (review). Int J Mol Med 53:47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2024.5371","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"8998_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.013","volume":"39","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Finsterer J (2008) Leigh and leigh-like syndrome in children and adults. Pediatr Neurol 39:223\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.013","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T08:40:02Z","timestamp":1776242402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["8998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-026-08998-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with ethical standards and written informed consent was obtained from the participant\u2019s legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors reviewed and approved the final version for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"372"}}