{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:57:43Z","timestamp":1780991863690,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"UCB Pharma Italy","award":["UCB Pharma Italy"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCB Pharma Italy"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:58:33Z","timestamp":1779321513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disease changes and cost analysis of myasthenia gravis: a 10 years retrospective study from a reference center in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9810-5737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Mantegazza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Antozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Baggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0932-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0383-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Frangiamore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9081-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Vanoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-6821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Giannarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-0223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Polistena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Verneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1388-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Spandonaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y","volume":"5","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, Verschuuren JJGM (2019) Myasthenia gravis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"6","key":"9074_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23330","volume":"45","author":"M Benatar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benatar M, Sanders DB, Burns TM, Cutter GR, Guptill JT, Baggi F, Kaminski KJ, Mantegazza R, Meriggioli MN, Quan J, Wolfe GI (2012) Task Force on MG Study Design of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Recommendations for myasthenia gravis clinical trials. Muscle Nerve 45(6):909\u2013917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.23330","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"9074_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000647","volume":"31","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mantegazza R, Cavalcante P (2019) Diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 31(6):623\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000647","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9074_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09770-y","volume":"267","author":"J Vissing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vissing J, Jacob S, Fujita KP, O\u2019Brien F, Howard JF, REGAIN study group (2020) Minimal symptom expression\u2019 in patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis treated with eculizumab. J Neurol 267(7):1991\u20132001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09770-y","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9074_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124","volume":"96","author":"P Narayanaswami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Narayanaswami P, Sanders DB, Wolfe G, Benatar M, Cea G, Evoli A, Gilhus NE, Illa I, Kuntz NL, Massey J, Melms A, Murai H, Nicolle M, Palace J, Richman D, Verschuuren JJGM (2021) International Consensus Guidance for Management of Myasthenia Gravis: 2020 Update. J Neurol 96(3):114\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011124","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9074_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26114","volume":"58","author":"NM Engel-Nitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Engel-Nitz NM, Boscoe A, Wolbeck R, Johnson J, Silvestri NJ (2018) Burden of illness in patients with treatment refractory myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 58:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26114","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"9074_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000257","volume":"20","author":"AN Boscoe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boscoe AN, Xin H, L\u02bcItalien GJ, Harris LA, Cutter GR (2019) Impact of Refractory Myasthenia Gravis on Health-Related Quality of Life. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 20(4):173\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CND.0000000000000257","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9074_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.3.376","volume":"15","author":"H Xin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xin H, Harris LA, Aban IB, Cutter G (2019) Examining the Impact of Refractory Myasthenia Gravis on Healthcare Resource Utilization in the United States: Analysis of a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Patient Registry Sample. J Clin Neurol 15(3):376\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2019.15.3.376","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9074_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00714-0","volume":"14","author":"M Pujades-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pujades-Rodr\u00edguez M, Jedrzejczyk A, Zhou J, Pilipczuk O, Taranc\u00f3n T (2025) High-Dose Steroids, Treatment Escalation, and Healthcare Burden in Myasthenia Gravis: A US Claims-Based Cohort Study. Neurol Ther 14(3):1061\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00714-0","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"9074_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22327","volume":"45","author":"JT Guptill","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guptill JT, Sharma BK, Marano A, Soucy A, Krueger A, Sanders DB (2012) Estimated cost of treating myasthenia gravis in an insured U.S. population. Muscle Nerve 45(3):363\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.22327","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-91372-7","volume":"15","author":"S Lehnerer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lehnerer S, Herdick M, Mevius A, Grittner U, Gansel P, Joeres L, Biskup J, Meisel A (2025) The economic burden of Myasthenia gravis from the patient\u2019s perspective and reflected in German claims data. Sci Rep 15(1):6687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-91372-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28313","volume":"71","author":"K Yoder","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yoder K, Burris R, Gurunathan S, Phillips G, Perez K, Habib AA, Narayanaswami P (2025) The Economic Burden of Myasthenia Gravis (MG): A Survey of Affected People and Their Families. Muscle Nerve 71(2):244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.28313","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"6","key":"9074_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10891-1","volume":"269","author":"S Lehnerer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lehnerer S, Jacobi J, Schilling R, Grittner U, Marbin D, Gerischer L, Stascheit F, Krause M, Hoffmann S, Meisel A (2022) Burden of disease in myasthenia gravis: taking the patient\u2019s perspective. J Neurol 269(6):3050\u20133063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10891-1","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"9074_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00912-8","volume":"38","author":"E Landfeldt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Landfeldt E, Pogoryelova O, Sejersen T, Zethraeus N, Breiner A, Lochm\u00fcller H (2020) Economic Costs of Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review. PharmacoEconomics 38(7):715\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-020-00912-8","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24911","volume":"53","author":"C Antozzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antozzi C, Brenna G, Baggi F, Camera G, Maggi L, Rezzani C, Montomoli C, Mantegazza R (2016) Validation of the Besta Neurological Institute rating scale for myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 53(1):32\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.24911","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"9074_CR16","unstructured":"Italian Ministry of Health, Ministerial decree of 18 october 2012 Remunerazione prestazioni di assistenza ospedaliera per acuti, assistenza ospedaliera di riabilitazione e di lungodegenza post acuzie e di assistenza specialistica ambulatoriale. GU Serie Generale n.23 del 28-01-2013 - Suppl. Ordinario n. 8"},{"key":"9074_CR17","unstructured":"Italian Ministry of Health Ministerial decree of 22 july 1996, Prestazioni di assistenza specialistica ambulatoriale erogabili nell\u2019ambito del Servizio sanitario nazionale e relative tariffe. GU Serie Generale n.216 del 14-09-1996 - Suppl. Ordinario n. 150"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.55.1.16","volume":"55","author":"A Jaretzki 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaretzki A 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM, Kaminski HJ, Keesey JC, Penn AS, Sanders DB (2000) Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Neurology 55(1):16\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.55.1.16","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-024-00701-1","volume":"39","author":"L Gerischer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gerischer L, Doksani P, Hoffmann S, Meisel A (2025) New and Emerging Biological Therapies for Myasthenia Gravis: A Focussed Review for Clinical Decision-Making. BioDrugs 39(2):185\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40259-024-00701-1","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"9074_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404191","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1404191","volume":"15","author":"P Cavalcante","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cavalcante P, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C (2024) Targeting autoimmune mechanisms by precision medicine in Myasthenia Gravis. Front Immunol 15:1404191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1404191","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"9074_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52122","volume":"11","author":"E Cort\u00e9s-Vicente","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s-Vicente E, Borsi AJ, Gary C, Noel WGJ, Lee JMS, Karmous W, Zhang Q, Gandhi KH, Batista AE, DeCourcy JJ, Barlow SG, Birija SL, Gibson GA (2024) The impact of diagnosis delay on European patients with generalised myasthenia gravis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 11(9):2254\u20132267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.52122","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9074_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315656","volume":"237","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mantegazza R, Beghi E, Pareyson D, Antozzi C, Peluchetti D, Sghirlanzoni A, Cosi V, Lombardi M, Piccolo G, Tonali P et al (1990) A multicentre follow-up study of 1152 patients with myasthenia gravis in Italy. J Neurol 237(6):339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00315656","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510x(91)90260-e","volume":"106","author":"E Beghi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Beghi E, Antozzi C, Batocchi AP, Cornelio F, Cosi V, Evoli A, Lombardi M, Mantegazza R, Monticelli ML, Piccolo G et al (1991) Prognosis of myasthenia gravis: a multicenter follow-up study of 844 patients. J Neurol Sci 106(2):213\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-510x(91)90260-e","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b907b","volume":"80","author":"F Baggi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baggi F, Andreetta F, Maggi L, Confalonieri P, Morandi L, Salerno F, Bernasconi P, Montomoli C, Barberis M, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C (2013) Complete stable remission and autoantibody specificity in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 80(2):188\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b907b","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"9074_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210005","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210005","volume":"103","author":"D Bruckman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bruckman D, Lee I, Schold JD, Claytor BR, Silvestri NJ, Hehir MK, Li Y (2024) Epidemiologic Study of Myasthenia Gravis in the Elderly US Population: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Medicare Claims Database, 2006\u20132019. Neurology 103(10):e210005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9074_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000539577","volume":"9","author":"F Sciancalepore","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sciancalepore F, Lombardi N, Valdiserra G, Bonaso M, Cappello E, Hyeraci G, Crescioli G, Celani MG, Cantisani TA, Brunori P, Vecchi S, Bacigalupo I, Locuratolo N, Lacorte E, Vanacore N, Kirchmayer U (2024) Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality of Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenic Syndromes: A Systematic Review. Neuroepidemiology 9:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000539577","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"9074_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339167","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.133916","volume":"15","author":"Y Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye Y, Murdock DJ, Chen C, Liedtke W, Knox CA (2024) Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in the United States. Front Neurol 15:1339167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.133916","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210139","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210139","volume":"104","author":"J Jul Jarb\u00e6k Nielsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jul Jarb\u00e6k Nielsen J, Levison L, Andersen H (2025) Changes in Myasthenia Gravis Incidence in Denmark from 1985 to 2021: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Neurology 104(1):e210139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210139","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12781-8","volume":"272","author":"B Inan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inan B, Ozturk B, Ata N, Ulgu MM, Birinci S, Sonkaya R, Eroglu E, Karadas O, Tan E, Odabasi Z (2024) A nationwide epidemiological study of myasthenia gravis in Turkey. J Neurol 272(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12781-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2020-0145","volume":"14","author":"AM Bubuioc","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bubuioc AM, Kudebayeva A, Turuspekova S, Lisnic V, Leone MA (2021) The epidemiology of myasthenia gravis. J Med Life 14(1):7\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25122\/jml-2020-0145","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"10","key":"9074_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-333097","volume":"95","author":"J Vissing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vissing J, Atula S, Savolainen M, Meht\u00e4l\u00e4 J, Mehkri L, Olesen TB, Ylisaukko-Oja T, Lindberg-Schager I, Berggren F, Piehl FJ (2024) Epidemiology of myasthenia gravis in Denmark, Finland and Sweden: a population-based observational study. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 95(10):919\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2023-333097","journal-title":"Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000529583","volume":"57","author":"H Wartmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wartmann H, Hoffmann S, Ruck T, Nelke C, Deiters B, Volmer T (2023) Incidence, Prevalence, Hospitalization Rates, and Treatment Patterns in Myasthenia Gravis: A 10-Year Real-World Data Analysis of German Claims Data. Neuroepidemiology 57(2):121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000529583","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001076","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjno-2025-001076","volume":"7","author":"LA Miller-Wilson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Miller-Wilson LA, Arackal J, Edwards Y, Schwinn J, Rockstein KE, Venker B, Nowak RJ (2025) Epidemiology and patient characteristics of the US myasthenia gravis population: real-world evidence from a large insurance claims database. BMJ Neurol Open 7(1):e001076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjno-2025-001076","journal-title":"BMJ Neurol Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"9074_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.2712","volume":"63","author":"DB Sanders","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sanders DB, Raja SM, Guptill JT, Hobson-Webb LD, Juel VC, Massey JM (2021) The Duke myasthenia gravis clinic registry: I. Description and demographics. Muscle Nerve 63(2):209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.2712","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"3","key":"9074_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2012.8.3.161","volume":"8","author":"ZF Mao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mao ZF, Mo XA, Qin C, Lai YR, Hackett ML (2012) Incidence of thymoma in myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. J Clin Neurol 8(3):161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2012.8.3.161","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16463","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16463","volume":"32","author":"D Reyes-Leiva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reyes-Leiva D, Carbayo \u00c1, Vesperinas-Castro A, Rojas-Garc\u00eda R, Querol L, Turon-Sans J, Pla-Junca F, Oliv\u00e9 M, Gallardo E, Pujades-Rodriguez M, Cort\u00e9s-Vicente E (2025) Persistent symptoms, exacerbations and drug side effects despite treatment in myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol 32(1):e16463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.16463","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000301","volume":"22","author":"L Harris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris L, Allman PH, Sheffield R, Cutter G (2020) Longitudinal Analysis of Disease Burden in Refractory and Nonrefractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis in the United States. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 22(1):11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CND.0000000000000301","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9074_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16367","volume":"9","author":"G Antonini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antonini G, Habetswallner F, Inghilleri M, Mantegazza R, Rodolico C, Sacc\u00e0 F, Sgarzi M, deRuyck F, Paci S, Phillips G, Crippa L, Veronesi C, Perrone V, Degli Esposti L, LHU study group (2023) Real world study on prevalence, treatment and economic burden of myasthenia gravis in Italy. Heliyon 9(6):e16367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16367","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"9074_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26447","volume":"60","author":"S Muppidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muppidi S, Utsugisawa K, Benatar M, Murai H, Barohn RJ, Illa I, Jacob S, Vissing J, Burns TM, Kissel JT, Nowak RJ, Andersen H, Casasnovas C, de Bleecker JL, Vu TH, Mantegazza R, O\u2019Brien FL, Wang JJ, Fujita KP, Howard JF Jr, Regain Study Group (2019) Long-term safety and efficacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 60(1):14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.26447","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"4","key":"9074_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16189","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16189","volume":"31","author":"R Frangiamore","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frangiamore R, Rinaldi E, Vanoli F, Andreetta F, Ciusani E, Bonanno S, Maggi L, Gallone A, Colasuonno A, Tramacere I, Cheli M, Pinna A, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C (2024) Efgartigimod in generalized myasthenia gravis: A real-life experience at a national reference center. Eur J Neurol 31(4):e16189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.16189","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9074_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16233","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16233","volume":"31","author":"I Engebretsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Engebretsen I, Gilhus NE, Kristiansen IS, S\u00e6ther EM, Lindberg-Schager I, Arneberg F, Bugge C (2024) The epidemiology and societal costs of myasthenia gravis in Norway: A non-interventional study using national registry data. Eur J Neurol 31(5):e16233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.16233","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:06:16Z","timestamp":1780988776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09074-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"R. Mantegazza received funding for travel, meeting attendance and advisory board participation from Alexion, argenx, Biomarin, Catalyst, Sanofy Genzyme, Regeneron and UCB. C. Antozzi received funding for travel, meeting attendance and advisory board participation from Alexion, Momenta, Sanofi, Janssen, argenx and UCB. L. Maggi received honoraria for speaking, advisory boards, and compensation for congress participations from Sanofi, Roche, Biogen, Amicus Therapeutics, Alexion, argenx, UCB, Johnson & Johnson, and Lupin. R. Frangiamore received funding for consulting and speaking from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, UCB, and argenx. F. Vanoli received funding for travel, meeting attendance and advisory board participation from Biogen, Alexion, UCB and argenx. S. Bonanno received funding for travel, meeting attendance, and advisory board participation from Alexion, Sanofi, Roche, and Biogen. B. Polistena received payments or fees for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from: Allergan, Amgen, Astellas, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, Nestl\u00e9 HS, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Servier, Takeda, Teva and consulting fees from UCB. F. Spandonaro received payments or fees for scientific advisory boards lectures, presentations, speaker bureaus, paper writing or educational events from Celgene, Daiichy Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Janssen Cilag, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi. F. Baggi, D. Giannarelli, and F. Verneau have nothing to disclose","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}],"article-number":"508"}}