{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:27:15Z","timestamp":1786591635190,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pusan National University Yangsan Hosptial","award":["30-2022-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-2022-008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:10:50Z","timestamp":1784254250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal enhancement patterns on 3D-FLAIR MRI in labyrinthine infarction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Hyun Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Hye","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Kug","family":"Baik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Dong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4120-9228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Hwan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2016.00857","volume":"19","author":"HA Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim HA, Lee H (2017) Recent advances in understanding audiovestibular loss of a vascular cause. J Stroke 19:61\u201366","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"9254_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.08.039","volume":"313","author":"H Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee H (2012) Audiovestibular loss in anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory infarction: a window to early detection? J Neurol Sci 313:153\u2013159","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9254_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci15070725","volume":"15","author":"AA Tarnutzer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tarnutzer AA, Lee SU, Kim JS, Kaski D (2025) The challenge of diagnosing labyrinthine stroke: a critical review. Brain Sci 15:725","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"9254_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.564682","volume":"40","author":"H Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee H, Kim JS, Chung EJ, Yi HA, Chung IS, Lee SR, Shin JY (2009) Infarction in the territory of anterior inferior cerebellar artery: spectrum of audiovestibular loss. Stroke 40:3745\u20133751","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9254_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2463\/mrms.2014-0132","volume":"14","author":"S Naganawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naganawa S (2015) The technical and clinical features of 3D-FLAIR in neuroimaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 14:93\u2013106","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med Sci"},{"key":"9254_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.21790\/rvs.2025.014","volume":"24","author":"TH Kong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kong TH, Seo YJ (2025) Multimodal diagnostic evaluation in M\u00e9ni\u00e8re disease: a narrative review of vestibular function tests and gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance imaging for endolymphatic hydrops. Res Vestib Sci 24:205\u2013214","journal-title":"Res Vestib Sci"},{"key":"9254_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662264","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.662264","volume":"12","author":"CI Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song CI, Pogson JM, Andresen NS, Ward BK (2021) MRI with gadolinium as a measure of blood\u2013labyrinth barrier integrity in patients with inner ear symptoms: a scoping review. Front Neurol 12:662264","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000228005.78187.23","volume":"116","author":"M Sugiura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sugiura M, Naganawa S, Teranishi M, Nakashima T (2006) Three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Laryngoscope 116:1451\u20131454","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9254_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27084","volume":"128","author":"H Byun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Park CW, Park DW, Kim TY (2018) Clinical value of 4-hour delayed gadolinium-enhanced 3D-FLAIR MR images in acute vestibular neuritis. Laryngoscope 128:1946\u20131951","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9254_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4439","volume":"36","author":"TY Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim TY, Park DW, Lee YJ, Lee JY, Lee SH, Chung JH, Lee S (2015) Comparison of inner ear contrast enhancement among patients with unilateral inner ear symptoms in MR images obtained 10 minutes and 4 hours after gadolinium injection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 36:2367\u20132372","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9254_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52123","volume":"11","author":"KT Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim KT, Park S, Lee SU, Park E, Kim B, Kim BJ, Kim JS (2024) Four-hour delayed 3D-FLAIR MRIs in patients with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 11:2030\u20132039","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09456-0","volume":"266","author":"M Eliezer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eliezer M, Verillaud B, Guichard JP, Kania R, Toupet M, Herman P, Houdart E, Hautefort C (2019) Labyrinthine infarction caused by vertebral artery dissection: consideration based on MRI. J Neurol 266:2575\u20132577","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09407-9","volume":"266","author":"M Eliezer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eliezer M, Toupet M, Guichard JP, Kania R, Houdart E, Hautefort C (2019) Cochleovestibular artery syndrome: consideration based on VHIT, VEMP, and inner ear MRI. J Neurol 266:2327\u20132329","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-024-08837-0","volume":"281","author":"M Risoud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Risoud M, Toulemonde P, Beck C, Charley Q, Suzzoni \u00c9, Vincent C, Dubrulle F (2024) MRI-confirmed cochlear artery infarct clinically diagnosed in a patient with sickle cell disease: a case report. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 281:6699\u20136703","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9254_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70010","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.70010","volume":"32","author":"HS Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim HS, Choi JH, Oh EH, Choi SY, Choi KD (2025) Dorsolateral pontine lesions produce distinct ocular motor abnormalities with anatomical correlations. Eur J Neurol 32:e70010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63437-5.00009-1","volume":"137","author":"NT Shepard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shepard NT, Jacobson GP (2016) The caloric irrigation test. Handb Clin Neurol 137:119\u2013131","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR17","first-page":"493","volume":"23","author":"JG Clark","year":"1981","unstructured":"Clark JG (1981) Uses and abuses of hearing loss classification. ASHA 23:493\u2013500","journal-title":"ASHA"},{"key":"9254_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910791233123","volume":"8","author":"K Tabuchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tabuchi K, Nishimura B, Tanaka S, Hayashi K, Hirose Y, Hara A (2010) Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the cochlea: pharmacological strategies for cochlear protection and implications of glutamate and reactive oxygen species. Curr Neuropharmacol 8:128\u2013134","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"9254_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2011.639085","volume":"132","author":"R Sano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sano R, Teranishi M, Yamazaki M, Isoda H, Naganawa S, Sone M, Hiramatsu M, Yoshida T, Suzuki H, Nakashima T (2012) Contrast enhancement of the inner ear in magnetic resonance images taken at 10 minutes or 4 hours after intravenous gadolinium injection. Acta Otolaryngol 132:241\u2013246","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"9254_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05285-z","volume":"276","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Ren T, Sun W, Liang Q, Wang W (2019) Post-contrast 3D-FLAIR in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276:1291\u20131299","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"9254_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2013.2659","volume":"139","author":"S Berrettini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berrettini S, Seccia V, Fortunato S, Forli F, Bruschini L, Piaggi P, Canapicchi R (2013) Analysis of the 3-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequence in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 139:456\u2013464","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"9254_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10523","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10523","volume":"7","author":"Y Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zhang L, Pu H, Mao L, Hu X, Jiang X, Xu N, Stetler RA, Zhang F, Liu X, Leak RK, Keep RF, Ji X, Chen J (2016) Rapid endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization enables early blood-brain barrier disruption and long-term ischemic reperfusion brain injury. Nat Commun 7:10523","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"9254_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.003","volume":"82","author":"D Knowland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knowland D, Arac A, Sekiguchi KJ, Hsu M, Lutz SE, Perrino J, Steinberg GK, Barres BA, Nimmerjahn A, Agalliu D (2014) Stepwise recruitment of transcellular and paracellular pathways underlies blood-brain barrier breakdown in stroke. Neuron 82:603\u2013617","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"9254_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171558","volume":"12","author":"Z Merali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merali Z, Huang K, Mikulis D, Silver F, Kassner A (2017) Evolution of blood-brain barrier permeability after acute ischemic stroke. PLoS ONE 12:e0171558","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9254_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01634-2","volume":"20","author":"J Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler J, Heidari P, Blayney S, Hitomi E, Luby M, Leigh R (2020) Blood-brain barrier integrity of stroke patients presenting in an extended time window. BMC Neurol 20:54","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"9254_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31194","volume":"134","author":"Y Ke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ke Y, Ma X, Jing Y, Diao T, Yu L (2024) The breakdown of blood-labyrinth barrier makes it easier for drugs to enter the inner ear. Laryngoscope 134:2377\u20132386","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"9254_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-019-0671-0","volume":"7","author":"M Krueger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krueger M, Mages B, Hobusch C, Michalski D (2019) Endothelial edema precedes blood-brain barrier breakdown in early time points after experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Acta Neuropathol Commun 7:17","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"9254_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3795","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173795","volume":"10","author":"M Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou M, Shi SX, Liu N, Jiang Y, Karim MS, Vodovoz SJ, Wang X, Zhang B, Dumont AS (2021) Caveolae-mediated endothelial transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Med 10:3795","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:42:06Z","timestamp":1786588926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09254-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital (05-2021-101). Informed contents were obtained after the nature and possible consequence of this study had been explained to participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that there was no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"639"}}