{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:27:09Z","timestamp":1786591629214,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2022YFF1202800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202800"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2022YFF1202800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFF1202800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82271227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82301339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82271227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82301339"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301339"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Project of Shanghai Tongji Hospital","award":["ITJ(ZD)2405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ITJ(ZD)2405"]}]},{"name":"2022 Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","award":["20224Y0151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20224Y0151"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:08:35Z","timestamp":1785380915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness and motor subtype transition in untreated prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0024-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keke","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yetong","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Shuai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhexue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengchen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4867-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xijin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10423","key":"9259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01478-2","volume":"403","author":"HR Morris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morris HR, Spillantini MG, Sue CM, Williams-Gray CH (2024) The pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet (London England) 403(10423):293\u2013304","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"9259_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2018.10.014","volume":"103","author":"SG Reich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reich SG, Savitt JM (2019) Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Med Clin North Am 103(2):337\u2013350","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"9259_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad072","volume":"146","author":"S Joza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joza S, Hu MT, Jung KY, Kunz D, Stefani A, Du\u0161ek P, Terzaghi M, Arnaldi D, Videnovic A, Schiess MC, Hermann W, Lee JY, Ferini-Strambi L, Lewis SJG, Leclair-Visonneau L, Oertel WH, Antelmi E, Sixel-D\u00f6ring F, Cochen De Cock V, Liguori C, Liu J, Provini F, Puligheddu M, Nicoletti A, Bassetti CLA, Bu\u0161kov\u00e1 J, Dauvilliers Y, Ferri R, Montplaisir JY, Lawton M, Kim HJ, Bes F, H\u00f6gl B, \u0160onka K, Fiamingo G, Mattioli P, Lavadia ML, Suescun J, Woo KA, Marelli S, Martens KE, Janzen A, Plazzi G, Mollenhauer B, Fernandes M, Li Y, Cortelli P, Figorilli M, Cicero CE, Schaefer C, Guiraud L, Lanza G, Gagnon JF, Sunwoo JS, Ibrahim A, Girtler N, Trenkwalder C, Baldelli L, Pelletier A, Postuma RB (2023) Progression of clinical markers in prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a multicentre study. Brain: J Neurol 146(8):3258\u20133272","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"issue":"10291","key":"9259_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00218-X","volume":"397","author":"BR Bloem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bloem BR, Okun MS, Klein C (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet (London England) 397(10291):2284\u20132303","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00385-5","volume":"15","author":"ASL Ng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ng ASL, Tan YJ, Yong ACW, Saffari SE, Lu Z, Ng EY, Ng SYE, Chia NSY, Choi X, Heng D, Neo S, Xu Z, Keong NCH, Tay KY, Au WL, Tan LCS, Tan EK (2020) Utility of plasma Neurofilament light as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of the postural instability gait disorder motor subtype in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol Neurodegener 15(1):33","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"9259_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.05.016","volume":"88","author":"R von Coelln","year":"2021","unstructured":"von Coelln R, Gruber-Baldini AL, Reich SG, Armstrong MJ, Savitt JM, Shulman LM (2021) The inconsistency and instability of Parkinson\u2019s disease motor subtypes. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 88:13\u201318","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"9259_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.09.041","volume":"31","author":"S Bu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bu S, Pang H, Li X, Zhao M, Wang J, Liu Y, Yu H, Fan G (2024) Structural and functional alterations of motor-thalamus in different motor subtype of Parkinson\u2019s disease: an individual study. Acad Radiol 31(4):1605\u20131614","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9259_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14915","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14915","volume":"30","author":"Y Lan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lan Y, Yuan H, Ma X, Yin C, Liu X, Zeng X, Lyu J, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Lu H, Zhong Y, Li X, Cui Z, Lou X (2024) Resting-state functional connectivity of the occipital cortex in different subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 30(8):e14915","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"9259_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-023-01673-y","volume":"128","author":"Y Lan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lan Y, Liu X, Yin C, Lyu J, Xiaoxaio M, Cui Z, Li X, Lou X (2023) Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing tremor-dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Radiol Med 128(9):1138\u20131147","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"9259_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002768","volume":"86","author":"JF van der Heeden","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Heeden JF, Marinus J, Martinez-Martin P, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Geraedts VJ, van Hilten JJ (2016) Postural instability and gait are associated with severity and prognosis of Parkinson disease. Neurology 86(24):2243\u20132250","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9259_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3522-z","volume":"39","author":"D Aleksovski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aleksovski D, Miljkovic D, Bravi D, Antonini A (2018) Disease progression in Parkinson subtypes: the PPMI dataset. Neurol sciences: official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol 39(11):1971\u20131976","journal-title":"Neurol sciences: official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9259_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.09.003","volume":"15","author":"JS Reijnders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reijnders JS, Ehrt U, Lousberg R, Aarsland D, Leentjens AF (2009) The association between motor subtypes and psychopathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15(5):379\u2013382","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"9259_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-020-00938-y","volume":"17","author":"JRP Zuzu\u00e1rregui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zuzu\u00e1rregui JRP, During EH (2020) Sleep issues in Parkinson\u2019s disease and their management. Neurotherapeutics 17(4):1480\u20131494","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"8 Suppl 3","key":"9259_CR14","first-page":"S24","volume":"63","author":"AH Schapira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schapira AH (2004) Excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 63(8 Suppl 3):S24\u201327","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9259_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.826175","volume":"14","author":"Y Zi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zi Y, Cai S, Tan C, Wang T, Shen Q, Liu Q, Wang M, Li J, Zhang L, Zhou F, Song C, Yuan J, Liu Y, Liu J, Liao H (2022) Abnormalities in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity in Parkinson\u2019s disease with excessive daytime sleepiness. Front Aging Neurosci 14:826175","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"9259_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26431","volume":"30","author":"D Berg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berg D, Postuma RB, Adler CH, Bloem BR, Chan P, Dubois B, Gasser T, Goetz CG, Halliday G, Joseph L, Lang AE, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Litvan I, Marek K, Obeso J, Oertel W, Olanow CW, Poewe W, Stern M, Deuschl G (2015) MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc 30(12):1600\u20131611","journal-title":"Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"9259_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.644","volume":"5","author":"K Marek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marek K, Chowdhury S, Siderowf A, Lasch S, Coffey CS, Caspell-Garcia C, Simuni T, Jennings D, Tanner CM, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM, Seibyl J, Schuff N, Singleton A, Kieburtz K, Toga AW, Mollenhauer B, Galasko D, Chahine LM, Weintraub D, Foroud T, Tosun-Turgut D, Poston K, Arnedo V, Frasier M, Sherer T (2018) The Parkinson\u2019s progression markers initiative (PPMI) - establishing a PD biomarker cohort. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 5(12):1460\u20131477","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"9259_CR18","unstructured":"Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (2011) The parkinson progression marker initiative (PPMI). Prog Neurobiol 95(4):629\u2013635"},{"issue":"10","key":"9259_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.10.1529","volume":"40","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jankovic J, McDermott M, Carter J, Gauthier S, Goetz C, Golbe L, Huber S, Koller W, Olanow C, Shoulson I et al (1990) Variable expression of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a base-line analysis of the DATATOP cohort. The Parkinson Study Group. Neurology 40(10):1529\u20131534","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9259_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25383","volume":"28","author":"GT Stebbins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stebbins GT, Goetz CG, Burn DJ, Jankovic J, Khoo TK, Tilley BC (2013) How to identify tremor dominant and postural instability\/gait difficulty groups with the movement disorder society unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale: comparison with the unified Parkinson\u2019s disease rating scale. Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc 28(5):668\u2013670","journal-title":"Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"key":"9259_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2025.106915","volume":"210","author":"L Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng L, Wang D, Ma J, Shi Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Shi Q, Zhu X, Ming D (2025) Unraveling Parkinson\u2019s disease motor subtypes: A deep learning approach based on spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG microstates. Neurobiol Dis 210:106915","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-03001-2","volume":"133","author":"S Prasad","year":"2026","unstructured":"Prasad S, Nagaraj T, Bhat SG, Purushotham SS, Taneja R, Bhardwaj M, Samartha DK, Aramugham SS, Kumar KJ, Mailankody P, Mahale RR, Holla VV, Kamble N, Yadav R, Saini J, Pal PK (2026) White matter alterations in tremor-dominant and postural instability and gait disturbance subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 133(1):87\u201398","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-025-00909-0","volume":"11","author":"R Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin R, Cai G, Chen Y, Zheng J, Wang S, Xiao H, Ye Q, Xue Y, Jiang R (2025) Association of glymphatic system function with peripheral inflammation and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 11(1):62","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"15","key":"9259_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, Stebbins GT, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, Poewe W, Sampaio C, Stern MB, Dodel R, Dubois B, Holloway R, Jankovic J, Kulisevsky J, Lang AE, Lees A, Leurgans S, LeWitt PA, Nyenhuis D, Olanow CW, Rascol O, Schrag A, Teresi JA, van Hilten JJ, LaPelle N (2008) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc 23(15):2129\u20132170","journal-title":"Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"19","key":"9259_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9","volume":"75","author":"JC Dalrymple-Alford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dalrymple-Alford JC, MacAskill MR, Nakas CT, Livingston L, Graham C, Crucian GP, Melzer TR, Kirwan J, Keenan R, Wells S, Porter RJ, Watts R, Anderson TJ (2010) The MoCA: well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology 75(19):1717\u20131725","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9259_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","volume":"14","author":"MW Johns","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 14(6):540\u2013545","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"9259_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.7.1019","volume":"58","author":"I Arnulf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arnulf I, Konofal E, Merino-Andreu M, Houeto JL, Mesnage V, Welter ML, Lacomblez L, Golmard JL, Derenne JP, Agid Y (2002) Parkinson\u2019s disease and sleepiness: an integral part of PD. Neurology 58(7):1019\u20131024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9259_CR28","first-page":"510","volume":"23","author":"A Guill\u00e9n-Riquelme","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guill\u00e9n-Riquelme A, Buela-Casal G (2011) [Psychometric revision and differential item functioning in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)]. Psicothema 23(3):510\u2013515","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"11","key":"9259_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20153","volume":"19","author":"M Visser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Visser M, Marinus J, Stiggelbout AM, Van Hilten JJ (2004) Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the SCOPA-AUT. Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc 19(11):1306\u20131312","journal-title":"Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"16","key":"9259_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21740","volume":"22","author":"K Stiasny-Kolster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stiasny-Kolster K, Mayer G, Sch\u00e4fer S, M\u00f6ller JC, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Oertel WH (2007) The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire\u2013a new diagnostic instrument. Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc 22(16):2386\u20132393","journal-title":"Mov disorders: official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","volume":"17","author":"JA Yesavage","year":"1982","unstructured":"Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL, Lum O, Huang V, Adey M, Leirer VO (1982) Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res 17(1):37\u201349","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"9259_CR32","first-page":"1277","volume":"70","author":"JH Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang JH, Irwin DJ, Chen-Plotkin AS, Siderowf A, Caspell C, Coffey CS, Walig\u00f3rska T, Taylor P, Pan S, Frasier M, Marek K, Kieburtz K, Jennings D, Simuni T, Tanner CM, Singleton A, Toga AW, Chowdhury S, Mollenhauer B, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM (2013) Association of cerebrospinal fluid \u03b2-amyloid 1\u201342, T-tau, P-tau181, and \u03b1-synuclein levels with clinical features of drug-naive patients with early Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 70(10):1277\u20131287","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"9259_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1552-2","volume":"131","author":"JH Kang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kang JH, Mollenhauer B, Coffey CS, Toledo JB, Weintraub D, Galasko DR, Irwin DJ, Van Deerlin V, Chen-Plotkin AS, Caspell-Garcia C, Walig\u00f3rska T, Taylor P, Shah N, Pan S, Zero P, Frasier M, Marek K, Kieburtz K, Jennings D, Tanner CM, Simuni T, Singleton A, Toga AW, Chowdhury S, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM (2016) CSF biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative study. Acta Neuropathol 131(6):935\u2013949","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00377-w","volume":"8","author":"S Basaia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basaia S, Agosta F, Francia A, Cividini C, Balestrino R, Stojkovic T, Stankovic I, Markovic V, Sarasso E, Gardoni A, De Micco R, Albano L, Stefanova E, Kostic VS, Filippi M (2022) Cerebro-cerebellar motor networks in clinical subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinson\u2019s disease 8(1):113","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinson\u2019s disease"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"9259_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp234","volume":"132","author":"M Selikhova","year":"2009","unstructured":"Selikhova M, Williams DR, Kempster PA, Holton JL, Revesz T, Lees AJ (2009) A clinico-pathological study of subtypes in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 132(Pt 11):2947\u20132957","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"7","key":"9259_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26657","volume":"31","author":"JG Nutt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nutt JG (2016) Motor subtype in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Different disorders or different stages of disease? Movement disorders: official. J Mov Disorder Soc 31(7):957\u2013961","journal-title":"J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"9259_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03766-5","volume":"22","author":"J Ren","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ren J, Xie H, Weng Y, Ge Y, Yao R, Jiang Z, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Fu X, Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang S, Zhang T, Chen G, Yang D (2024) Longitudinal decline in DAT binding in Parkinson\u2019s disease: connections with sleep disturbances. BMC Med 22(1):550","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9259_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23468","volume":"26","author":"C Eggers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eggers C, Kahraman D, Fink GR, Schmidt M, Timmermann L (2011) Akinetic-rigid and tremor-dominant Parkinson\u2019s disease patients show different patterns of FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography. Mov Disord 26(3):416\u2013423","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9259_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6360-3_1","volume":"56","author":"KA Jellinger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jellinger KA (1999) Post mortem studies in Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2013is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms? J Neural Transm Suppl 56:1\u201329","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"9259_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6187-6","volume":"259","author":"S Kato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kato S, Watanabe H, Senda J, Hirayama M, Ito M, Atsuta N, Kaga T, Katsuno M, Naganawa S, Sobue G (2012) Widespread cortical and subcortical brain atrophy in Parkinson\u2019s disease with excessive daytime sleepiness. J Neurol 259(2):318\u2013326","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9259_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.229889","volume":"131","author":"Y Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen Y, Huang JY, Li J, Liu CF (2018) Excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson\u2019s disease: clinical implications and management. Chin Med J (Engl) 131(8):974\u2013981","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"}],"container-title":["Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:39:43Z","timestamp":1786588783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9259"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-026-09259-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-1874","1590-3478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1590-3478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Each site participating in the PPMI was approved by the Ethics Standards Committee for Human Experimentation before the start of the study. The Ethics Committee of Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai Tongji Hospital has exempted it from ethical review.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All subjects signed an informed consent form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"665"}}