{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:15:01Z","timestamp":1792782901332,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02q2d2610","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Degenerative subaxial cervical (C3\u2013C7) disease often requires surgery when conservative care fails, yet the relationship between post-operative cervical range of motion (ROM) and patient-reported outcomes is poorly defined. We evaluated post-operative ROM and its cross-sectional association with clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a retrospective cohort with cross-sectional outcome assessment, 100 patients operated between 2015 and 2021 (anterior or posterior approach, with or without instrumentation) were assessed at a single follow-up visit. Neck-specific disability (Neck Disability Index, NDI), health-related quality of life (Short Form-12, SF-12) and cervical ROM (CROM device) were measured; pre-operative ROM was unavailable. Spearman and partial Spearman correlations (adjusted for age and comorbidity) and Mann\u2013Whitney U comparisons were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Median NDI was 16% (IQR 8\u201335), in the minimal-disability band; the SF-12 physical component (PCS-12, 40.2\u2009\u00b1\u200910.0) was below and the mental component (MCS-12, 47.6\u2009\u00b1\u200911.1) near the population norm of 50. NDI correlated negatively with ROM in all planes and with total ROM (\u03c1 = \u22120.46,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and PCS-12 positively (axial rotation \u03c1 = +0.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001); MCS-12 showed no significant association. Associations persisted after adjustment and in a Pearson sensitivity analysis. Exploratory comparisons, confounded by case-mix, showed greater axial rotation after the anterior approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater post-operative ROM is associated with lower neck-specific disability and better physical quality of life, independent of age and comorbidity, but not with mental quality of life. The cross-sectional design precludes inference about the direction of these associations. Prospective studies with pre-operative ROM baselines are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09346-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:37:24Z","timestamp":1787715444000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cervical range of motion and patient-reported outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for degenerative pathology of the subaxial cervical spine (C3\u2013C7)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Cornali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Belotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mazzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Serioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Bergomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Maria","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Zanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9346_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70S","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568217701914","volume":"7","author":"MG Fehlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Tetreault LA, Riew KD, Middleton JW, Aarabi B, Arnold PM et al (2017) A clinical practice guideline for the management of patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: recommendations for patients with mild, moderate, and severe disease and nonmyelopathic patients with evidence of cord compression. 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The study was approved by Local Ethics Committee (protocol NP 1471; approved version of 19 April 2023).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable: no individually identifiable persons or images are presented.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent for the use of clinical data for research purposes was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"736"}}