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The clinical meaning of post-stroke sleep duration remains unclear, as longer sleep may be associated with different clinical and functional states, including greater disability. This exploratory study investigated the relationship between sleep and functional outcome during stroke rehabilitation, and the moderating role of baseline functional status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-nine patients with stroke underwent a 10-day longitudinal monitoring protocol during rehabilitation. Functional independence and motor performance were assessed at the beginning (T0) and the end (T1) of the observation period using the Barthel Index, 10-Meter Walk Test, and 9-Hole Peg Test. Sleep was assessed throughout the monitoring period using sleep diaries, and actigraphy .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional independence improved from T0 to T1, whereas motor performance did not significantly change. In unadjusted analyses, longer actigraphy-derived total sleep time and longer self-reported total time in bed were correlated with lower Barthel Index scores at T1. Moderation analyses adjusted for prior rehabilitation days showed that longer total sleep time was positively associated with Barthel Index at T1 only in patients with higher baseline independence, while longer time in bed was positively associated at average and higher baseline levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The associations between sleep duration or time in bed and later post-rehabilitation functional independence vary according to baseline functional status. Given the small sample size and observational design, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and considered preliminary and hypothesis-generating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09374-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:15:46Z","timestamp":1790824546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Does sleep matter for recovery after stroke? 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The data used were anonymized with an alphanumeric code. Participation was voluntary, with the right to freely withdraw from the study without data retention and was not associated with any financial compensation. The study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee of Santa Lucia Foundation (Prot. CE\/2022_001) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent statements","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of conflicting interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"829"}}