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We investigated the association between peripheral blood and CNS inflammatory parameters in 45 sporadic ALS patients compared to 30 controls, analyzing peripheral blood tests (C-reactive protein [CRP], blood count, fibrinogen) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunological measures (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha [TNF-\u03b1], TNF receptor type 1 [TNFR-1], CRP) alongside clinical characteristics. Results revealed significantly higher concentrations of TNFR-1 in the CSF of ALS patients compared to the control group (1,029.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009176.0 vs. 846.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009167.5 pg\/ml;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). This difference remained significant in multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age and sex (OR 1.82 per 100 pg\/ml increment, 95% CI 1.26\u20132.63;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0015). In an exploratory ROC analysis, CSF TNFR-1 discriminated patients from controls with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.67\u20130.88). TNFR-1 correlated with age (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.32,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.038), associations with disease severity and a lower concentration in bulbar-onset disease were exploratory and not robustly significant. Plasma and CSF CRP concentrations did not differ significantly between groups, but strongly correlated with each other in both ALS (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.83) and control (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.82) cohorts, indicating a disease-non-specific relationship. CSF TNFR-1 is independently associated with sporadic ALS and warrants further investigation as a candidate disease-associated inflammatory biomarker. Given the limitations, our findings do not prove diagnostic accuracy or causality. Longitudinal studies with disease controls and blood-CSF barrier integrity measures are needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-026-09480-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:05:17Z","timestamp":1792224317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis an exploratory cross-sectional association study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8043-7349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"We\u0142nicka-Weso\u0142owska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"\u0141uczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemys\u0142aw","family":"Nowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Paczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Meller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Machowska-Sempruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Machali\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Go\u0142\u0105b-Janowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.06.007","volume":"102","author":"AL Kj\u00e6ldgaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kj\u00e6ldgaard AL, Pilely K, Olsen KS, Pedersen SW, Lauritsen A\u00d8, M\u00f8ller K, Garred P (2018) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The complement and inflammatory hypothesis. 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The obtained results were also used in Agnieszka We\u0142nicka-Weso\u0142owska\u2019s doctoral dissertation, but not published in a journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"865"}}