{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T06:46:58Z","timestamp":1775890018337,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]],"date-time":"2006-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T12:24:01Z","timestamp":1143462241000},"page":"215-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":302,"title":["Zygomycosis: the re-emerging fungal infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Chayakulkeeree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Ghannoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Perfect","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"107_CR1","first-page":"866","volume-title":"Medical mycology","author":"KJ Kwon-Chung","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE (1992) Medical mycology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, p 866"},{"key":"107_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.236","volume":"13","author":"JA Ribes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ribes JA, Vanover-Sams CL, Baker DJ (2000) Zygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:236\u2013301","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"107_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1017\/S0006323198005167","volume":"73","author":"T Cavalier-Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cavalier-Smith T (1998) A revised six-kingdom system of life. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 73:203\u2013266","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"107_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01079.x","volume":"11","author":"AB Jensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensen AB, Dromph KM (2005) The causal agents of \u201centomophthoramycosis\u201d belong to two different orders: a suggestion for modification of the clinical nomenclature. Clin Microbiol Infect 11:249\u2013250","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"107_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1470-9465.2004.00843.x","volume":"10","author":"RM Prabhu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prabhu RM, Patel R (2004) Mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis: a review of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Microbiol Infect 10(Suppl 1):31\u201347","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"107_CR6","first-page":"2973","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"AM Sugar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sugar AM (2005) Agents of mucormycosis and related species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 2973\u20132984"},{"key":"107_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(02)00037-5","volume":"16","author":"CE Gonzalez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gonzalez CE, Rinaldi MG, Sugar AM (2002) Zygomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 16:895\u2013914","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"107_CR8","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Clinical mycology","author":"F Dromer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dromer F, McGinnis MR (2003) Zygomycosis. In: Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MA (eds) Clinical mycology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 297\u2013308"},{"key":"107_CR9","first-page":"134","volume":"5","author":"R Ciferri","year":"1929","unstructured":"Ciferri R, Ashford BK (1929) New species of Mortierella isolated from human skin. P R J Pub Health Trop Med 5:134\u2013143","journal-title":"P R J Pub Health Trop Med"},{"key":"107_CR10","first-page":"330","volume":"8","author":"E Nicolau","year":"1947","unstructured":"Nicolau E, Evolcenu R (1947) Recherches mycologiques dans un cas de mycetome du pied a grains noirs. (Mortierella mycetomi). Annu Bull Dermatol 8:330\u2013343","journal-title":"Annu Bull Dermatol"},{"key":"107_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1086\/432579","volume":"41","author":"MM Roden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, Sein M, Sein T, Chiou CC, Chu JH, Kontoyiannis DP, Walsh TJ (2005) Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 41:634\u2013653","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1086\/318144","volume":"31","author":"V Rickerts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rickerts V, Bohme A, Viertel A, Behrendt G, Jacobi V, Tintelnot K, Just-Nubling G (2000) Cluster of pulmonary infections caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 31:910\u2013913","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.6.925","volume":"18","author":"DP Kontoyianis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kontoyianis DP, Vartivarian S, Anaissie EJ, Samonis G, Bodey GP, Rinaldi M (1994) Infections due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in patients with cancer: report of three cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 18:925\u2013928","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1482","volume":"97","author":"S Zeilender","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zeilender S, Drenning D, Glauser FL, Bechard D (1990) Fatal Cunninghamella bertholletiae infection in an immunocompetent patient. Chest 97:1482\u20131483","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"107_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1086\/313802","volume":"30","author":"T Solano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Solano T, Atkins B, Tambosis E, Mann S, Gottlieb T (2000) Disseminated mucormycosis due to Saksenaea vasiformis in an immunocompetent adult. Clin Infect Dis 30:942\u2013943","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.5.881","volume":"17","author":"WG Weinberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Weinberg WG, Wade BH, Cierny G III, Stacy D, Rinaldi MG (1993) Invasive infection due to Apophysomyces elegans in immunocompetent hosts. Clin Infect Dis 17:881\u2013884","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/00362178085380051","volume":"18","author":"A Kamalam","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kamalam A, Thambiah AS (1980) Cutaneous infection by Syncephalastrum. Sabouraudia 18:19\u201320","journal-title":"Sabouraudia"},{"key":"107_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.9.2422-2423.1997","volume":"35","author":"PE Verweij","year":"1997","unstructured":"Verweij PE, Voss A, Donnelly JP, de Pauw BE, Meis JF (1997) Wooden sticks as the source of a pseudoepidemic of infection with Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis among immunocompromised patients. J Clin Microbiol 35:2422\u20132423","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.3.521","volume":"22","author":"MR Oliver","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oliver MR, Van Voorhis WC, Boeckh M, Mattson D, Bowden RA (1996) Hepatic mucormycosis in a bone marrow transplant recipient who ingested naturopathic medicine. Clin Infect Dis 22:521\u2013524","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/27.5.1138","volume":"27","author":"JR Rees","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL (1998) The epidemiological features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1992\u20131993: results of population-based laboratory active surveillance. Clin Infect Dis 27:1138\u20131147","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR21","first-page":"862","volume":"86","author":"L Pagano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pagano L, Girmenia C, Mele L, Ricci P, Tosti ME, Nosari A, Buelli M, Picardi M, Allione B, Corvatta L, D\u2019Antonio D, Montillo M, Melillo L, Chierichini A, Cenacchi A, Tonso A, Cudillo L, Candoni A, Savignano C, Bonini A, Martino P, Del Favero A (2001) Infections caused by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies. A report of 391 cases by GIMEMA Infection Program. Haematologica 86:862\u2013870","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"107_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1086\/339202","volume":"34","author":"KA Marr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L (2002) Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 34:909\u2013917","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1086\/375822","volume":"37","author":"S Husain","year":"2003","unstructured":"Husain S, Alexander BD, Munoz P, Avery RK, Houston S, Pruett T, Jacobs R, Dominguez EA, Tollemar JG, Baumgarten K, Yu CM, Wagener MM, Linden P, Kusne S, Singh N (2003) Opportunistic mycelial fungal infections in organ transplant recipients: emerging importance of non-Aspergillus mycelial fungi. Clin Infect Dis 37:221\u2013229","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.11.4489-4494.1995","volume":"63","author":"PG Jorens","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jorens PG, Boelaert JR, Halloy V, Zamora R, Schneider YJ, Herman AG (1995) Human and rat macrophages mediate fungistatic activity against Rhizopus species differently: in vitro and ex vivo studies. Infect Immun 63:4489\u20134494","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"107_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-80-3-419","volume":"80","author":"JH Helderman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Helderman JH, Cooper HS, Mann J (1974) Chronic phycomycosis in a controlled diabetic. Ann Intern Med 80:419","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"107_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200412000-00003","volume":"17","author":"RN Greenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greenberg RN, Scott LJ, Vaughn HH, Ribes JA (2004) Zygomycosis (mucormycosis): emerging clinical importance and new treatments. Curr Opin Infect Dis 17:517\u2013525","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR27","first-page":"231","volume":"51","author":"S Nithyanandam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nithyanandam S, Jacob MS, Battu RR, Thomas RK, Correa MA, D\u2019Souza O (2003) Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. A retrospective analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes. Indian J Ophthalmol 51:231\u2013236","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"107_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912163412507","volume":"341","author":"N Joshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Joshi N, Caputo GM, Weitekamp MR, Karchmer AW (1999) Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 341:1906\u20131912","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"107_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.016030","volume":"80","author":"A Bhansali","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bhansali A, Bhadada S, Sharma A, Suresh V, Gupta A, Singh P, Chakarbarti A, Dash RJ (2004) Presentation and outcome of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in patients with diabetes. Postgrad Med J 80:670\u2013674","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"107_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.31.12.1109","volume":"31","author":"WM Artis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Artis WM, Fountain JA, Delcher HK, Jones HE (1982) A mechanism of susceptibility to mucormycosis in diabetic ketoacidosis: transferrin and iron availability. Diabetes 31:1109\u20131114","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"107_CR31","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Fungal infections in the compromised patient","author":"KJ Skahan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Skahan KJ, Wong B, Armstrong D (1991) Clinical manifestations and management of mucormycosis in the compromised patient. In: Warnock DW, Richardson MD (eds) Fungal infections in the compromised patient. Wiley, Indianapolis, pp 153\u2013190"},{"key":"107_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/08860228909054931","volume":"11","author":"KL Gupta","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gupta KL, Radotra BD, Sakhuja V, Banerjee AK, Chugh KS (1989) Mucormycosis in patients with renal failure. Ren Fail 11:195\u2013199","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"107_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/80.4.508","volume":"80","author":"CG Espinoza","year":"1983","unstructured":"Espinoza CG, Halkias DG (1983) Pulmonary mucormycosis as a complication of chronic salicylate poisoning. Am J Clin Pathol 80:508\u2013511","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"107_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199011000-00016","volume":"9","author":"LL Lewis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lewis LL, Hawkins HK, Edwards MS (1990) Disseminated mucormycosis in an infant with methylmalonicaciduria. Pediatr Infect Dis J 9:851\u2013854","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"107_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80606-8","volume":"18","author":"JR Boelaert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Boelaert JR, Fenves AZ, Coburn JW (1991) Deferoxamine therapy and mucormycosis in dialysis patients: report of an international registry. Am J Kidney Dis 18:660\u2013667","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"107_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.Supplement_1.S126","volume":"14","author":"AM Sugar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sugar AM (1992) Mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis 14(Suppl 1):S126\u2013S129","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1997.01100160089018","volume":"115","author":"AA McNab","year":"1997","unstructured":"McNab AA, McKelvie P (1997) Iron overload is a risk factor for zygomycosis. Arch Ophthalmol 115:919\u2013921","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"107_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701885","volume":"24","author":"J Maertens","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maertens J, Demuynck H, Verbeken EK, Zachee P, Verhoef GE, Vandenberghe P, Boogaerts MA (1999) Mucormycosis in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients: report of five cases and review of the role of iron overload in the pathogenesis. Bone Marrow Transplant 24:307\u2013312","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"107_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90314-X","volume":"47","author":"M Locht de","year":"1994","unstructured":"de Locht M, Boelaert JR, Schneider YJ (1994) Iron uptake from ferrioxamine and from ferrirhizoferrin by germinating spores of Rhizopus microsporus. Biochem Pharmacol 47:1843\u20131850","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"107_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00446996","volume":"110","author":"F Abe","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abe F, Inaba H, Katoh T, Hotchi M (1990) Effects of iron and desferrioxamine on Rhizopus infection. Mycopathologia 110:87\u201391","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"107_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116419","volume":"91","author":"JR Boelaert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boelaert JR, de Locht M, Van Cutsem J, Kerrels V, Cantinieaux B, Verdonck A, Van Landuyt HW, Schneider YJ (1993) Mucormycosis during deferoxamine therapy is a siderophore-mediated infection. In vitro and in vivo animal studies. J Clin Invest 91:1979\u20131986","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"107_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470755259.ch13","volume-title":"Fungal infection diagnosis and management","author":"MD Richardson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Richardson MD, Warnock DW (2003) Mucormycosis. In: Richardson MD, Warnock DW (eds) Fungal infection diagnosis and management. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 230\u2013240"},{"key":"107_CR43","first-page":"383","volume":"11","author":"VA Morrison","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morrison VA, McGlave PB (1993) Mucormycosis in the BMT population. Bone Marrow Transplant 11:383\u2013388","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"107_CR44","first-page":"950","volume":"83","author":"FJ Penalver","year":"1998","unstructured":"Penalver FJ, Romero R, Fores R, Cabrera R, Briz M, Fernandez M (1998) Mucormycosis and hemopoietic transplants. Haematologica 83:950\u2013951","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"107_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410021081a","volume":"36","author":"J Pavie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pavie J, Lafaurie M, Lacroix C, Marie Zagdanski A, Debrosse D, Socie G, Derouin F, Gluckman E, Michel Molina J (2004) Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis in an allogenic bone-marrow transplant recipient with combined medical and surgical therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 36:767\u2013769","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1996.tb00106.x","volume":"39","author":"JK Saffele Van den","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van den Saffele JK, Boelaert JR (1996) Zygomycosis in HIV-positive patients: a review of the literature. Mycoses 39:77\u201384","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"107_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199512000-00007","volume":"10","author":"SE Nagy-Agren","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nagy-Agren SE, Chu P, Smith GJ, Waskin HA, Altice FL (1995) Zygomycosis (mucormycosis) and HIV infection: report of three cases and review. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 10:441\u2013449","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"107_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.1.215","volume":"164","author":"SP Blatt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Blatt SP, Lucey DR, DeHoff D, Zellmer RB (1991) Rhinocerebral zygomycosis in a patient with AIDS. J Infect Dis 164:215\u2013216","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70110-5","volume":"30","author":"MR Sanchez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sanchez MR, Ponge-Wilson I, Moy JA, Rosenthal S (1994) Zygomycosis and HIV infection. J Am Acad Dermatol 30:904\u2013908","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"107_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198704000-00018","volume":"27","author":"PC Johnson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Johnson PC, Satterwhite TK, Monheit JE, Parks D (1987) Primary cutaneous mucormycosis in trauma patients. J Trauma 27:437\u2013441","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"107_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.9.2151-2153.1990","volume":"28","author":"RD Cooter","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cooter RD, Lim IS, Ellis DH, Leitch IO (1990) Burn wound zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. J Clin Microbiol 28:2151\u20132153","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180230072017","volume":"215","author":"G Nash","year":"1971","unstructured":"Nash G, Foley FD, Goodwin MN Jr, Bruck HM, Greenwald KA, Pruitt BA Jr (1971) Fungal burn wound infection. JAMA 215:1664\u20131666","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"107_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1581-1582.2002","volume":"46","author":"QN Sun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sun QN, Fothergill AW, McCarthy DI, Rinaldi MG, Graybill JR (2002) In vitro activities of posaconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and fluconazole against 37 clinical isolates of zygomycetes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1581\u20131582","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-004-1606-7","volume":"164","author":"N Ritz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ritz N, Ammann RA, Aebischer CC, Gugger M, Jaton K, Schmid RA, Aebi C (2005) Failure of voriconazole to cure disseminated zygomycosis in an immunocompromised child. Eur J Pediatr 164:231\u2013235","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"107_CR55","first-page":"ECR42","volume":"89","author":"K Kobayashi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kobayashi K, Kami M, Murashige N, Kishi Y, Fujisaki G, Mitamura T (2004) Breakthrough zygomycosis during voriconazole treatment for invasive aspergillosis. Haematologica 89:ECR42","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"107_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200402263500923","volume":"350","author":"FM Marty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marty FM, Cosimi LA, Baden LR (2004) Breakthrough zygomycosis after voriconazole treatment in recipients of hematopoietic stem-cell transplants. N Engl J Med 350:950\u2013952","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"107_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1086\/427759","volume":"40","author":"I Oren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oren I (2005) Breakthrough zygomycosis during empirical voriconazole therapy in febrile patients with neutropenia. Clin Infect Dis 40:770\u2013771","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1086\/427752","volume":"40","author":"S Vigouroux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vigouroux S, Morin O, Moreau P, Mechinaud F, Morineau N, Mahe B, Chevallier P, Guillaume T, Dubruille V, Harousseau JL, Milpied N (2005) Zygomycosis after prolonged use of voriconazole in immunocompromised patients with hematologic disease: attention required. Clin Infect Dis 40:e35\u2013e37","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1086\/422723","volume":"39","author":"GT Siwek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Siwek GT, Dodgson KJ, de Magalhaes-Silverman M, Bartelt LA, Kilborn SB, Hoth PL, Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA (2004) Invasive zygomycosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving voriconazole prophylaxis. Clin Infect Dis 39:584\u2013587","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540410019408","volume":"36","author":"F Mattner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mattner F, Weissbrodt H, Strueber M (2004) Two case reports: fatal Absidia corymbifera pulmonary tract infection in the first postoperative phase of a lung transplant patient receiving voriconazole prophylaxis, and transient bronchial Absidia corymbifera colonization in a lung transplant patient. Scand J Infect Dis 36:312\u2013314","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1086\/423274","volume":"39","author":"A Imhof","year":"2004","unstructured":"Imhof A, Balajee SA, Fredricks DN, Englund JA, Marr KA (2004) Breakthrough fungal infections in stem cell transplant recipients receiving voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis 39:743\u2013746","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/428780","volume":"191","author":"DP Kontoyiannis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kontoyiannis DP, Lionakis MS, Lewis RE, Chamilos G, Healy M, Perego C, Safdar A, Kantarjian H, Champlin R, Walsh TJ, Raad II (2005) Zygomycosis in a tertiary-care cancer center in the era of Aspergillus-active antifungal therapy: a case-control observational study of 27 recent cases. J Infect Dis 191:1350\u20131359","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR63","unstructured":"Park BJ, Kontoyiannis DP, Pappas PG, Wannemuehler KA, Anaissie E, Fridkin SK, Walsh TJ, and the Transnet Investigators (2004) Comparison of zygomycosis and fusariosis to invasive aspergillosis (IA) among transplant recipients reporting to TRANSNET. In: Program and abstracts of the 44th ICAAC. Abstract no. M-666"},{"key":"107_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704552","volume":"34","author":"A Safdar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Safdar A, O\u2019Brien S, Kouri IF (2004) Efficacy and feasibility of aerosolized amphotericin B lipid complex therapy in caspofungin breakthrough pulmonary zygomycosis. Bone Marrow Transplant 34:467\u2013468","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"107_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1086\/313803","volume":"30","author":"DP Kontoyiannis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kontoyiannis DP, Wessel VC, Bodey GP, Rolston KV (2000) Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center. Clin Infect Dis 30:851\u2013856","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1086\/422729","volume":"39","author":"CA Kauffman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kauffman CA (2004) Zygomycosis: reemergence of an old pathogen. Clin Infect Dis 39:588\u2013590","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(05)80041-4","volume":"39","author":"RA Yohai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yohai RA, Bullock JD, Aziz AA, Markert RJ (1994) Survival factors in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis. Surv Ophthalmol 39:3\u201322","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"107_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00437328","volume":"97","author":"A Espinel-Ingroff","year":"1987","unstructured":"Espinel-Ingroff A, Oakley LA, Kerkering TM (1987) Opportunistic zygomycotic infections. A literature review. Mycopathologia 97:33\u201341","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"107_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200409000-00005","volume":"114","author":"JL Scharf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scharf JL, Soliman AM (2004) Chronic Rhizopus invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in an immunocompetent host. Laryngoscope 114:1533\u20131535","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"107_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2500\/105065898781389994","volume":"12","author":"SR Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown SR, Shah IA, Grinstead M (1998) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Am J Rhinol 12:289\u2013292","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"107_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0720-048X(95)00644-6","volume":"20","author":"S Hussain","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hussain S, Salahuddin N, Ahmad I, Salahuddin I, Jooma R (1995) Rhinocerebral invasive mycosis: occurrence in immunocompetent individuals. Eur J Radiol 20:151\u2013155","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"107_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.1.163","volume":"20","author":"AB Radner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Radner AB, Witt MD, Edwards JE Jr (1995) Acute invasive rhinocerebral zygomycosis in an otherwise healthy patient: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 20:163\u2013166","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1053\/hn.1999.v120.a86323","volume":"120","author":"MA Feeley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feeley MA, Righi PD, Davis TE, Greist A (1999) Mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses and septum. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 120:750","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"107_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(00)80010-9","volume":"33","author":"BJ Ferguson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ferguson BJ (2000) Mucormycosis of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:349\u2013365","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"107_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5155(01)00326-4","volume":"45","author":"IT Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim IT, Shim JY, Jung BY (2001) Serous retinal detachment in a patient with rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 45:301\u2013304","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"107_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908200523","volume":"82","author":"RC Humphry","year":"1989","unstructured":"Humphry RC, Wright G, Rich WJ, Simpson R (1989) Acute proptosis and blindness in a patient with orbital phycomycosis. J R Soc Med 82:304\u2013305","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"107_CR77","first-page":"556","volume":"15","author":"TC Tsai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsai TC, Hou CC, Chou MS, Chen WH, Liu JS (1999) Rhinosino-orbital mucormycosis causing cavernous sinus thrombosis and internal carotid artery occlusion: radiological findings in a patient with treatment failure. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 15:556\u2013561","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"107_CR78","first-page":"135","volume":"58","author":"C Delbrouck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delbrouck C, Jacobs F, Fernandez Aguilar S, Devroede B, Choufani G, Hassid S (2004) Carotid artery occlusion due to fulminant rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 58:135\u2013140","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg"},{"key":"107_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000129798.22312.1E","volume":"78","author":"A Sehgal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sehgal A, Raghavendran M, Kumar D, Srivastava A, Dubey D, Kumar A (2004) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis causing basilar artery aneurysm with concomitant fungal colonic perforation in renal allograft recipient: a case report. Transplantation 78:949\u2013950","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"107_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(92)90376-B","volume":"10","author":"MR Terk","year":"1992","unstructured":"Terk MR, Underwood DJ, Zee CS, Colletti PM (1992) MR imaging in rhinocerebral and intracranial mucormycosis with CT and pathologic correlation. Magn Reson Imaging 10:81\u201387","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"107_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017662","volume":"24","author":"P Garces","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garces P, Mueller D, Trevenen C (1994) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a child with leukemia: CT and MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol 24:50\u201351","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"107_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)90243-7","volume":"57","author":"M Tedder","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tedder M, Spratt JA, Anstadt MP, Hegde SS, Tedder SD, Lowe JE (1994) Pulmonary mucormycosis: results of medical and surgical therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 57:1044\u20131050","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"107_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.12.3258","volume":"13","author":"KL Gupta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gupta KL, Khullar DK, Behera D, Radotra BD, Sakhuja V (1998) Pulmonary mucormycosis presenting as fatal massive haemoptysis in a renal transplant recipient. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13:3258\u20133260","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"107_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199808)58:4<326::AID-AJH13>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"58","author":"A Kitabayashi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kitabayashi A, Hirokawa M, Yamaguchi A, Takatsu H, Miura AB (1998) Invasive pulmonary mucormycosis with rupture of the thoracic aorta. Am J Hematol 58:326\u2013329","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"107_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-198502000-00005","volume":"289","author":"PM Passamonte","year":"1985","unstructured":"Passamonte PM, Dix JD (1985) Nosocomial pulmonary mucormycosis with fatal massive hemoptysis. Am J Med Sci 289:65\u201367","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"107_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.75.4.524","volume":"75","author":"BA Connor","year":"1979","unstructured":"Connor BA, Anderson RJ, Smith JW (1979) Mucor mediastinitis. Chest 75:525\u2013526","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"107_CR87","first-page":"595","volume":"12","author":"JW Hsu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hsu JW, Chiang CD (1996) A case report of novel roentgenographic finding in pulmonary zygomycosis: thickening of the posterior tracheal band. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 12:595\u2013600","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"107_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199209000-00011","volume":"7","author":"SA Rubin","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rubin SA, Chaljub G, Winer-Muram HT, Flicker S (1992) Pulmonary zygomycosis: a radiographic and clinical spectrum. J Thorac Imaging 7:85\u201390","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"107_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.168.6.9168721","volume":"168","author":"HP McAdams","year":"1997","unstructured":"McAdams HP, Rosado de Christenson M, Strollo DC, Patz EF Jr (1997) Pulmonary mucormycosis: radiologic findings in 32 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 168:1541\u20131548","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"107_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549409008629","volume":"26","author":"RS Dykhuizen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dykhuizen RS, Kerr KN, Soutar RL (1994) Air crescent sign and fatal haemoptysis in pulmonary mucormycosis. Scand J Infect Dis 26:498\u2013501","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19840615)53:12<2721::AID-CNCR2820531228>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"53","author":"H Funada","year":"1984","unstructured":"Funada H, Misawa T, Nakao S, Saga T, Hattori KI (1984) The air crescent sign of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis in acute leukemia. Cancer 53:2721\u20132723","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"107_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1086\/430710","volume":"41","author":"G Chamilos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chamilos G, Marom EM, Lewis RE, Lionakis MS, Kontoyiannis DP (2005) Predictors of pulmonary zygomycosis versus invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cancer. Clin Infect Dis 41:60\u201366","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.1.67","volume":"19","author":"RD Adam","year":"1994","unstructured":"Adam RD, Hunter G, DiTomasso J, Comerci G Jr (1994) Mucormycosis: emerging prominence of cutaneous infections. Clin Infect Dis 19:67\u201376","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1995.01690190087017","volume":"131","author":"TR Hata","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hata TR, Johnson RA, Barnhill R, Dover JS (1995) Ecthymalike lesions on the leg of an immunocompromised patient. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis. Arch Dermatol 131:833\u2013834, 836\u2013837","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"107_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(80)80147-3","volume":"15","author":"DM Michalak","year":"1980","unstructured":"Michalak DM, Cooney DR, Rhodes KH, Telander RL, Kleinberg F (1980) Gastrointestinal mucormycoses in infants and children: a cause of gangrenous intestinal cellulitis and perforation. J Pediatr Surg 15:320\u2013324","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"107_CR96","first-page":"103","volume":"11","author":"MH Ismail","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ismail MH, Hodkinson HJ, Setzen G, Sofianos C, Hale MJ (1990) Gastric mucormycosis. Trop Gastroenterol 11:103\u2013105","journal-title":"Trop Gastroenterol"},{"key":"107_CR97","first-page":"379","volume":"72","author":"DT Lyon","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lyon DT, Schubert TT, Mantia AG, Kaplan MH (1979) Phycomycosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Gastroenterol 72:379\u2013394","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"107_CR98","first-page":"146","volume":"23","author":"SS Virk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Virk SS, Singh RP, Arora AS, Grewal JS, Puri H (2004) Gastric zygomycosis\u2014an unusual cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleed. Indian J Gastroenterol 23:146\u2013147","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"107_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211090","volume":"24","author":"KL Siu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Siu KL, Lee WH (2004) A rare cause of intestinal perforation in an extreme low birth weight infant\u2014gastrointestinal mucormycosis: a case report. J Perinatol 24:319\u2013321","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"107_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.5.741","volume":"11","author":"CW Ingram","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ingram CW, Sennesh J, Cooper JN, Perfect JR (1989) Disseminated zygomycosis: report of four cases and review. Rev Infect Dis 11:741\u2013754","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.038273","volume":"90","author":"A Basti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Basti A, Taylor S, Tschopp M, Sztajzel J (2004) Fatal fulminant myocarditis caused by disseminated mucormycosis. Heart 90:e60","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"107_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0375-HFOZ","volume":"125","author":"JL Frater","year":"2001","unstructured":"Frater JL, Hall GS, Procop GW (2001) Histologic features of zygomycosis: emphasis on perineural invasion and fungal morphology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 125:375\u2013378","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"107_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198603000-00004","volume":"65","author":"NA Parfrey","year":"1986","unstructured":"Parfrey NA (1986) Improved diagnosis and prognosis of mucormycosis. A clinicopathologic study of 33 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 65:113\u2013123","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"107_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.1.279","volume":"117","author":"M Glazer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Glazer M, Nusair S, Breuer R, Lafair J, Sherman Y, Berkman N (2000) The role of BAL in the diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis. Chest 117:279\u2013282","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"107_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.1993.tb00757.x","volume":"36","author":"R Ruchel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ruchel R, Margraf S (1993) Rapid microscopical diagnosis of deep-seated mycoses following maceration of fresh specimens and staining with optical brighteners. Mycoses 36:239\u2013242","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"107_CR106","first-page":"263","volume-title":"Manual of medical mycology","author":"JT Crissey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crissey JT, Lang H, Parish LC (1995) Manual of medical mycology. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, p 263"},{"key":"107_CR107","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (2002) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Approved standard M38-A. NCCLS, Wayne, Pennsylvania"},{"key":"107_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1360-1367.2001","volume":"39","author":"A Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Espinel-Ingroff A (2001) Comparison of the E-test with the NCCLS M38-P method for antifungal susceptibility testing of common and emerging pathogenic filamentous fungi. J Clin Microbiol 39:1360\u20131367","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR109","first-page":"161","volume":"13","author":"A Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Espinel-Ingroff A (2000) Clinical utility of in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing. Rev Esp Quimioter 13:161\u2013166","journal-title":"Rev Esp Quimioter"},{"key":"107_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2708-2711.2002","volume":"46","author":"E Dannaoui","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dannaoui E, Afeltra J, Meis JF, Verweij PE (2002) In vitro susceptibilities of zygomycetes to combinations of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2708\u20132711","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR111","first-page":"121","volume":"20","author":"A Espinel-Ingroff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Espinel-Ingroff A (2003) In vitro antifungal activities of anidulafungin and micafungin, licensed agents and the investigational triazole posaconazole as determined by NCCLS methods for 12,052 fungal isolates: review of the literature. Rev Iberoam Micol 20:121\u2013136","journal-title":"Rev Iberoam Micol"},{"key":"107_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg020","volume":"51","author":"E Dannaoui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dannaoui E, Meletiadis J, Mouton JW, Meis JF, Verweij PE (2003) In vitro susceptibilities of zygomycetes to conventional and new antifungals. J Antimicrob Chemother 51:45\u201352","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.721-727.2005","volume":"49","author":"AS Ibrahim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ibrahim AS, Bowman JC, Avanessian V, Brown K, Spellberg B, Edwards JE Jr, Douglas CM (2005) Caspofungin inhibits Rhizopus oryzae 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase, lowers burden in brain measured by quantitative PCR, and improves survival at a low but not a high dose during murine disseminated zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:721\u2013727","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.2.830-832.2005","volume":"49","author":"B Spellberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Spellberg B, Fu Y, Edwards JE Jr, Ibrahim AS (2005) Combination therapy with amphotericin B lipid complex and caspofungin acetate of disseminated zygomycosis in diabetic ketoacidotic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:830\u2013832","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1704485","volume":"33","author":"A Verma","year":"2004","unstructured":"Verma A, Williams S, Trifilio S, Zembower T, Mehta J (2004) Successful treatment of concomitant pulmonary zygomycosis and aspergillosis with a combination of amphotericin B lipid complex, caspofungin, and voriconazole in a patient on immunosuppression for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 33:1065\u20131066","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"107_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0781-6","volume":"21","author":"P Voitl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Voitl P, Scheibenpflug C, Weber T, Janata O, Rokitansky AM (2002) Combined antifungal treatment of visceral mucormycosis with caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 21:632\u2013634","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960100599","volume":"20","author":"V Rickerts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rickerts V, Loeffler J, Bohme A, Einsele H, Just-Nubling G (2001) Diagnosis of disseminated zygomycosis using a polymerase chain reaction assay. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20:744\u2013745","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.2.622-626.2004","volume":"42","author":"L Hall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hall L, Wohlfiel S, Roberts GD (2004) Experience with the MicroSeq D2 large-subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing kit for identification of filamentous fungi encountered in the clinical laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 42:622\u2013626","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2004.00582.x","volume":"9","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Togitani K, Machida H, Uemura Y, Ohtsuki Y, Taguchi H (2004) Molecular polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Respirology 9:397\u2013401","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"107_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.2.358-363.1987","volume":"25","author":"DR Wysong","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wysong DR, Waldorf AR (1987) Electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses of Rhizopus arrhizus antigens. J Clin Microbiol 25:358\u2013363","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1953-1959.2002","volume":"46","author":"E Dannaoui","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dannaoui E, Mouton JW, Meis JF, Verweij PE (2002) Efficacy of antifungal therapy in a nonneutropenic murine model of zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:1953\u20131959","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3647","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3647-3650.2003","volume":"47","author":"E Dannaoui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dannaoui E, Meis JF, Loebenberg D, Verweij PE (2003) Activity of posaconazole in treatment of experimental disseminated zygomycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:3647\u20133650","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2310-2312.2002","volume":"46","author":"QN Sun","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sun QN, Najvar LK, Bocanegra R, Loebenberg D, Graybill JR (2002) In vivo activity of posaconazole against Mucor spp. in an immunosuppressed-mouse model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2310\u20132312","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2003.15.3.282","volume":"15","author":"DP Kofteridis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kofteridis DP, Karabekios S, Panagiotides JG, Bizakis J, Kyrmizakis D, Saridaki Z, Gikas A (2003) Successful treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with liposomal amphotericin B and surgery in two diabetic patients with renal dysfunction. J Chemother 15:282\u2013286","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR125","first-page":"460","volume":"20","author":"R Herbrecht","year":"2001","unstructured":"Herbrecht R, Letscher-Bru V, Bowden RA, Kusne S, Anaissie EJ, Graybill JR, Noskin GA, Oppenheim, Andres E, Pietrelli LA (2001) Treatment of 21 cases of invasive mucormycosis with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20:460\u2013466","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1086\/516353","volume":"26","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Hiemenz JW, Seibel NL, Perfect JR, Horwith G, Lee L, Silber JL, DiNubile MJ, Reboli A, Bow E, Lister J, Anaissie EJ (1998) Amphotericin B lipid complex for invasive fungal infections: analysis of safety and efficacy in 556 cases. Clin Infect Dis 26:1383\u20131396","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2004.00076.x","volume":"6","author":"JA Crompton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crompton JA, Alexander D, Somerville T, Shihab FS (2004) Lipid-based amphotericin in pulmonary zygomycosis: safety and efficacy of high exposure in a renal allograft recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 6:183\u2013187","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR128","first-page":"15","volume":"18","author":"JR Perfect","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perfect JR (2004) Use of newer antifungal therapies in clinical practice: what do the data tell us? Oncology (Huntingt) 18:15\u201323","journal-title":"Oncology (Huntingt)"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"107_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S401","DOI":"10.1086\/429331","volume":"40","author":"JR Perfect","year":"2005","unstructured":"Perfect JR (2005) Treatment of non-Aspergillus moulds in immunocompromised patients, with amphotericin B lipid complex. Clin Infect Dis 40(Suppl 6):S401\u2013408","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440030145018","volume":"156","author":"MD Strasser","year":"1996","unstructured":"Strasser MD, Kennedy RJ, Adam RD (1996) Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Therapy with amphotericin B lipid complex. Arch Intern Med 156:337\u2013339","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"107_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1086\/514562","volume":"26","author":"DE Weng","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weng DE, Wilson WH, Little R, Walsh TJ (1998) Successful medical management of isolated renal zygomycosis: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 26:601\u2013605","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR132","first-page":"174","volume":"34","author":"R Gollard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gollard R, Rabb C, Larsen R, Chandrasoma P (1994) Isolated cerebral mucormycosis: case report and therapeutic considerations. Neurosurgery 34:174\u2013177","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"107_CR133","first-page":"201","volume":"20","author":"JA Larkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Larkin JA, Montero JA (2003) Efficacy and safety of amphotericin B lipid complex for zygomycosis. Infect Med 20:201\u2013206","journal-title":"Infect Med"},{"key":"107_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1086\/375075","volume":"36","author":"AM Tobon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tobon AM, Arango M, Fernandez D, Restrepo A (2003) Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) in a heart\u2013kidney transplant recipient: recovery after posaconazole therapy. Clin Infect Dis 36:1488\u20131491","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR135","unstructured":"Greenberg RN, Anstead G, Herbrecht R, Langston A, Marr K, Mullane K, Raad I, Schiller G, Schuster M, Van Burik J, Wingard JR, Hare R, Corcoran G (2003) Posaconazole (POS) experience in the treatment of zygomycosis. In: Program and abstracts of the 43rd interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Abstract no. M-1757"},{"key":"107_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.00167.x","volume":"58","author":"R Herbrecht","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herbrecht R (2004) Posaconazole: a potent, extended-spectrum triazole anti-fungal for the treatment of serious fungal infections. Int J Clin Pract 58:612\u2013624","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"107_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464180-00001","volume":"64","author":"HW Boucher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou CC, Walsh TJ (2004) Newer systemic antifungal agents: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. Drugs 64:1997\u20132020","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"107_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100140484","volume":"112","author":"P Raj","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raj P, Vella EJ, Bickerton RC (1998) Successful treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis by a combination of aggressive surgical debridement and the use of systemic liposomal amphotericin B and local therapy with nebulized amphotericin\u2014a case report. J Laryngol Otol 112:367\u2013370","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"107_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1086\/428503","volume":"191","author":"C Gil-Lamaignere","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gil-Lamaignere C, Simitsopoulou M, Roilides E, Maloukou A, Winn RM, Walsh TJ (2005) Interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augment the activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against medically important zygomycetes. J Infect Dis 191:1180\u20131187","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01691218","volume":"15","author":"B Sahin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sahin B, Paydas S, Cosar E, Bicakci K, Hazar B (1996) Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of mucormycosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 15:866\u2013869","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1086\/320524","volume":"32","author":"JB Garcia-Diaz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garcia-Diaz JB, Palau L, Pankey GA (2001) Resolution of rhinocerebral zygomycosis associated with adjuvant administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin Infect Dis 32:e145\u2013e150","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105143042001","volume":"304","author":"DG Wright","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wright DG, Robichaud KJ, Pizzo PA, Deisseroth AB (1981) Lethal pulmonary reactions associated with the combined use of amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions. N Engl J Med 304:1185\u20131189","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"107_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/10.3.551","volume":"10","author":"BJ Ferguson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ferguson BJ, Mitchell TG, Moon R, Camporesi EM, Farmer J (1988) Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Rev Infect Dis 10:551\u2013559","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"107_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1367-1369.2004","volume":"42","author":"C Bigliazzi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bigliazzi C, Poletti V, Dell\u2019Amore D, Saragoni L, Colby TV (2004) Disseminated basidiobolomycosis in an immunocompetent woman. J Clin Microbiol 42:1367\u20131369","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/98.6.559","volume":"98","author":"SD Walker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walker SD, Clark RV, King CT, Humphries JE, Lytle LS, Butkus DE (1992) Fatal disseminated Conidiobolus coronatus infection in a renal transplant patient. Am J Clin Pathol 98:559\u2013564","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"107_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158574","volume":"8","author":"HC Gugnani","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gugnani HC (1992) Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus. Eur J Epidemiol 8:391\u2013396","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"107_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007656818038","volume":"15","author":"HC Gugnani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gugnani HC (1999) A review of zygomycosis due to Basidiobolus ranarum. Eur J Epidemiol 15:923\u2013929","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"107_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1976.tb05143.x","volume":"94","author":"JW Mugerwa","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mugerwa JW (1976) Subcutaneous phycomycosis in Uganda. Br J Dermatol 94:539\u2013544","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"107_CR149","first-page":"329","volume":"52","author":"FD Martinson","year":"1972","unstructured":"Martinson FD (1972) Clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of entomophthoromycosis. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 52:329\u2013342","journal-title":"Ann Soc Belg Med Trop"},{"key":"107_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/112.5.610","volume":"112","author":"OM Yousef","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yousef OM, Smilack JD, Kerr DM, Ramsey R, Rosati L, Colby TV (1999) Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis. Morphologic findings in a cluster of six cases. Am J Clin Pathol 112:610\u2013616","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"107_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.6.2360-2363.2001","volume":"39","author":"ZU Khan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Khan ZU, Khoursheed M, Makar R, Al-Waheeb S, Al-Bader I, Al-Muzaini A, Chandy R, Mustafa AS (2001) Basidiobolus ranarum as an etiologic agent of gastrointestinal zygomycosis. J Clin Microbiol 39:2360\u20132363","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"107_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.4.557","volume":"44","author":"J Guarro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guarro J, Aguilar C, Pujol I (1999) In-vitro antifungal susceptibilities of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus spp. strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 44:557\u2013560","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"107_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1978.03630330074022","volume":"138","author":"DL Dworzack","year":"1978","unstructured":"Dworzack DL, Pollock AS, Hodges GR, Barnes WG, Ajello L, Padhye A (1978) Zygomycosis of the maxillary sinus and palate caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus. Arch Intern Med 138:1274\u20131276","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"107_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70242-7","volume":"112","author":"TM Pasha","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pasha TM, Leighton JA, Smilack JD, Heppell J, Colby TV, Kaufman L (1997) Basidiobolomycosis: an unusual fungal infection mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 112:250\u2013254","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"107_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.36.398","volume":"36","author":"GD Taylor","year":"1987","unstructured":"Taylor GD, Sekhon AS, Tyrrell DL, Goldsand G (1987) Rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus: a case report including in vitro sensitivity to antimycotic agents. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36:398\u2013401","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"107_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/02681219480000291","volume":"32","author":"SR Davis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Davis SR, Ellis DH, Goldwater P, Dimitriou S, Byard R (1994) First human culture-proven Australian case of entomophthoromycosis caused by Basidiobolus ranarum. J Med Vet Mycol 32:225\u2013230","journal-title":"J Med Vet Mycol"},{"key":"107_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000246260","volume":"193","author":"NT Foss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Foss NT, Rocha MR, Lima VT, Velludo MA, Roselino AM (1996) Entomophthoramycosis: therapeutic success by using amphotericin B and terbinafine. Dermatology 193:258\u2013260","journal-title":"Dermatology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T21:32:31Z","timestamp":1683408751000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-006-0107-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]]}}}