{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:28:43Z","timestamp":1790252923905,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,15]],"date-time":"2007-10-15T05:42:01Z","timestamp":1192426921000},"page":"65-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection on immune restoration during successful antiretroviral therapy in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Santin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Barbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Niubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bolao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Podzamczer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Gudiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.1.164","volume":"175","author":"CA Sabin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sabin CA, Telfer P, Phillips AN, Bhagani S, Lee CA (1997) The association between hepatitis C virus genotype and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression in a cohort of hemophilic men. J Infect Dis 175:164\u2013168","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199804000-00006","volume":"12","author":"L Piroth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Piroth L, Duong M, Quantin C, Abrahamowicz M, Michardiere R, Aho LS, Grappin M, Buisson M, Waldner A, Portier H, Chavenet P (1998) Does hepatitis C virus co-infection accelerate clinical and immunological evolution of HIV-infected patients? AIDS 12:381\u2013388","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"384_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03232-3","volume":"356","author":"G Greub","year":"2000","unstructured":"Greub G, Lederberger B, Battegay M, Grob P, Perrin L, Furrer H, Burgisser P, Erb P, Boggian K, Piffaretti JC, Hirschel B, Janin P, Francioli P, Flepp M, Telenti A (2000) Clinical progression, survival, and immune recovery during antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus co-infection: the Swiss HIV cohort study. Lancet 356:1800\u20131805","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.18.2125","volume":"162","author":"A De Luca","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Luca A, Bugarini R, Cozzi Lepri A, Puoti M, Girardi E, Antinori A, Poggio A, Pagano G, Tositti G, Cadeo G, Macor A, Toti M, D\u2019Arminio Monforte A, Italian Na\u00efve Antiretrovirals Study Group (2002) Coinfection with hepatitis viruses and outcome of initial antiretroviral regimens in previously na\u00efve HIV-infected subjects. Arch Intern Med 162:2125\u2013132","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01691112","volume":"17","author":"J Macias","year":"1998","unstructured":"Macias J, Pineda JA, Leal M, Abad MA, Garcia-Pesquera F, Delgado J, Gallardo JA, Sanchez-Quijano A, Lissen E (1998) Influence of hepatitis C virus infection on the mortality of antiretroviral-treated patients with HIV disease. Eur J Clin Infect Dis 17:167\u2013170","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.2.199","volume":"288","author":"MS Sulkowski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sulkowski MS, Moore RD, Mehta SH, Chaisson RE, Thomas DL (2002) Hepatitis C and progression of HIV disease. JAMA 288:199\u2013206","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1310\/YFV8-FE5K-5LN9-DQ4C","volume":"5","author":"C Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin C, Castilla J, Lopez M, Arranz R, Gonzalez-Lahoz J, Soriano V (2004) Impact of chronic hepatitis C on HIV-1 disease progression. HIV Clin Trials 5:125\u2013131","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2003.00152.x","volume":"4","author":"D Lincoln","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lincoln D, Petoumenos K, Dore GJ, on behalf of the Australian HIV Observational Database (2003) HIV\/HBV and HIV\/HCV coinfection and outcomes following highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 4:241\u2013249","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209270-00008","volume":"16","author":"RT Chung","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chung RT, Evans SR, Yang Y, Theodore D, Valdez H, Clark R, Shikuma C, Nevin T, Sherman KE, AIDS Clinical Trials Group 383 Study Team (2002) Immune recovery is associated with persistent rise in hepatitis C virus RNA, infrequent liver test flares, and is not impaired by hepatitis C virus in co-infected subjects. AIDS 16:1915\u20131923","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1086\/432618","volume":"41","author":"MF Miller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Miller MF, Haley C, Koziel MJ, Rowley CF (2005) Impact of hepatitis C virus on immune restoration in HIV-infected patients who start highly active antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 41:713\u2013720","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5322.112","volume":"277","author":"B Autran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Autran B, Carcelain G, Li TS, Blanc C, Mathez D, Tubiana R, Katlama C, Debr\u00e9 P, Leibowitch J (1997) Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science 277:112\u2013116","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350400900207","volume":"9","author":"M Plana","year":"2004","unstructured":"Plana M, Ferrer E, Martinez C, Podzamczer D, Garcia F, Maleno MJ, Barcelo JJ, Garcia A, Barbera MJ, Lacarcel M, Miro JC, Gallart, Gatell JM (2004) Immune restoration in HIV-positive, antiretroviral-na\u00efve patients after 1\u00a0year of zidovudine\/lamivudine plus nelfinavir or nevirapine. Antivir Ther 9:197\u2013204","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"384_CR13","first-page":"73","volume":"24","author":"M Mestre","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mestre M, Gonz\u00e1lez C, Gri\u00f1\u00f3 JM, Valls A, Bonete J, Mane E, Corominas M, Bas J, Romeu A, Buendia E (1992) Sequential monitoring of immunoregulatory T cell subsets in renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 24:73\u201375","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110076930","volume":"34","author":"CG Michael","year":"2002","unstructured":"Michael CG, Kirk O, Mathiesen L, Nielsen SD (2002) The na\u00efve CD4+ count in HIV-infected patients at time of initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy is strongly associated with the level of immunological recovery. Scand J Infect Dis 34:45\u201349","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1086\/383277","volume":"89","author":"D Mildvan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mildvan D, Bosch RJ, Kim RS, Spritzler J, Haas DW, Kuritzkes D, Kagan J, Nokta M, DeGruttola V, Moreno M, Landay A (2004) Immunophenotypic markers and antiretroviral therapy (IMART): T cell activation and maturation help predict treatment response. J Infect Dis 89:1811\u20131820","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1086\/431484","volume":"41","author":"GR Kaufmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaufmann GR, Furrer H, Ledergerber B, Perrin L, Opravil M, Vernazza P, Cavassini M, Bernasconi E, Rickenbach M, Hirschel B, Battegay M, the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (2005) Characteristics, determinats, and clinical relevance of CD4 T cell recovery to <500 cells\/\u03bcL in HIV type 1-infected individuals receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 41:361\u2013372","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200207260-00015","volume":"16","author":"N Voirin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Voirin N, Trepo C, Esteve J, Chevallier P, Ritter J, Fabry J, Vanhems P (2002) Effects of co-infection with hepatitis C virus and GB virus C on CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA level among HIV-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 16:1556\u20131559","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"384_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1086\/368206","volume":"187","author":"B Rodriguez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rodriguez B, Woolley I, Lederman MM, Zdunek D, Hess G, Valdez H (2003) Effect of GB virus coinfection on response to antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Infect Dis 187:504\u2013507","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1015-2","volume":"22","author":"J Macias","year":"2003","unstructured":"Macias J, Pineda JA, Lozano F, Corzo JE, Ramos A, Leon E, Garcia-Garcia JA, Fernandez-Rivera J, Mira JA, Gomez-Mateos J (2003) Impaired recovery of CD4+ cell counts following highly active antiretroviral therapy in drug-na\u00efve patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 22:675\u2013680","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200405210-00010","volume":"18","author":"WP Law","year":"2004","unstructured":"Law WP, Duncombe CJ, Mahanontharit A, Boyd MA, Ruxrungtham K, Lange JM, Phanuphak P, Cooper DA, Dore GJ (2004) Impact of viral hepatitis co-infection on response to antiretroviral therapy and HIV disease progression in the HIV-NAT cohort. AIDS 18:1169\u20131177","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"384_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118485","volume":"97","author":"H Lerat","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lerat H, Berby F, Trabaud MA, Vidalin O, Major M, Trepo C, Inchauspe G (1996) Specific detection of hepatitis C virus minus strand RNA in hematopoietic cells. J Clin Invest 97:845\u2013851","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1086\/515682","volume":"178","author":"M Radkowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Radkowski M, Wang LF, Vargas H, Rakela J (1998) The presence of active hepatitis C virus replication in lymphoid tissue in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Infect Dis 178:1189\u20131192","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200107010-00006","volume":"27","author":"GM Lucas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucas GM, Cheever LW, Chaisson RE, Moore RD (2001) Detrimental effects of continued illicit drug use on the treatment of HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 27:251\u2013259","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199710010-00003","volume":"16","author":"Z Liu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Liu Z, Cumberland WG, Hultin LE, Prince HE, Detels R, Giorgi JV (1997) Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the multicenter AIDS cohort study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA-DR and CD38 expression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 16:83\u201392","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012220-00003","volume":"14","author":"J Carbone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carbone J, Gil J, Benito JM, Navarro J, Mu\u00f1oz-Fernandez A, Bartolome J, Zabay JM, Lopez F, Fernandez-Cruz E (2000) Increased levels of activated subsets of CD4 T cells add to the prognostic value of low CD4 T cell counts in a cohort of HIV-infected drug users. AIDS 14:2823\u20132829","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200306010-00002","volume":"33","author":"KB Anthony","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anthony KB, Yoder Ch, Metcalf JA, DerSimonian R, Orenstein JM, Stevens RA, Falloon J, Polis MA, Lane HC, Sereti I (2003) Incomplete CD4 cell recovery in HIV-1 infection after 12\u00a0months of highly antiretroviral therapy is associated with ongoing increased CD4 T cell activation and turnover. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 33:125\u2013133","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-379","volume":"8","author":"V Appay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Appay V, Dunbar PR, Callan M, Klenerman P, Gillespie GM, Papagno L, Ogg GS, King A, Lechner F, Spina CA, Little S, Havlir DV, Richman DD, Gruener N, Pape G, Waters A, Easterbrook P, Salio M, Cerundolo V, McMichael AJ, Rowland-Jones SL (2002) Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections. Nat Med 8:379\u2013385","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.3.1744","volume":"172","author":"M Lucas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lucas M, Vargas-Cuero AL, Lauer GM, Barnes E, Willberg CH, Semmo N, Walker BD, Phillips R, Klenerman P (2004) Pervasive influence of hepatitis C virus on the phenotype of antiviral CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 172:1744\u20131753","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00818.x","volume":"115","author":"P B\u00fcrguisser","year":"1999","unstructured":"B\u00fcrguisser P, Hammann C, Kaufmann D, Battegay M, Rutschmann OT (1999) Expression of the CD28 and CD38 by the CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV infection correlates with markers of disease severity and changes towards normalization under treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 115:458\u2013463","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1086\/379041","volume":"188","author":"AL Landay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Landay AL, Spritzler J, Kessler H, Mildvan D, Pu M, Fox L, O\u2019Neil D, Schock B, Kuritzkes D, Lederman MM; AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5014 Team (2003) Immune reconstitution is comparable in antiretroviral-na\u00efve subjects after 1 year of successful therapy with a nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor- or protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimen. J Infect Dis 188:1444\u20131445","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T19:27:00Z","timestamp":1652642820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-007-0384-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2007","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}