{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T01:46:19Z","timestamp":1781919979919,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1302566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]],"date-time":"2011-04-12T07:59:29Z","timestamp":1302595169000},"page":"1461-1472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Challenges in understanding the immunopathogenesis of Cryptosporidium infections in humans"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"R. J.","family":"Kothavade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(94)E0059-V","volume":"25","author":"PJ O\u2019Donoghue","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Donoghue PJ (1995) Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. Int J Parasitol 25:139\u2013195","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/753512","volume":"2010","author":"L Putignani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Putignani L, Menichella D (2010) Global distribution, public health and clinical impact of the protozoan pathogen Cryptosporidium. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2010:2010","journal-title":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-34505","volume":"22","author":"XM Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen XM, LaRusso NF (2002) Cryptosporidiosis and the pathogenesis of AIDS-cholangiopathy. Semin Liver Dis 22:277\u2013289","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.78","volume":"75","author":"W Gatei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gatei W, Wamae CN, Mbae C et al (2006) Cryptosporidiosis: prevalence, genotype analysis, and symptoms associated with infections in children in Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:78\u201382","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR5","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Waterborne zoonoses: identification, causes and control","author":"C Bolin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bolin C, Brown C, Rose J et al (2004) Emerging zoonoses. In: Cotruvo JA, Dufour A, Rees G (eds) Waterborne zoonoses: identification, causes and control. IWA Publishing, London, pp 18\u201325"},{"key":"1246_CR6","first-page":"185","volume":"47","author":"SM Cacci\u00f2","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cacci\u00f2 SM (2005) Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis. Parassitologia 47:185\u2013192","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"1246_CR7","first-page":"42S","volume":"46","author":"U Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan U, Xiao L, Sulaiman I (1999) Which genotypes\/species of Cryptosporidium are humans susceptible to? J Eukaryot Microbiol 46:42S\u201343S","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.2.138","volume":"51","author":"D Dionisio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dionisio D, Orsi A, Sterrantino G et al (1998) Chronic cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: stable remission and possible eradication after long term, low dose azithromycin. J Clin Pathol 51:138\u2013142","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1246_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.12.1321","volume":"38","author":"DP Casemore","year":"1985","unstructured":"Casemore DP, Sands RL, Curry A (1985) Cryptosporidium species: a \u2018new\u2019 human pathogen. J Clin Pathol 38:1321\u20131336","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1246_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1086\/514701","volume":"27","author":"YC Manabe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Manabe YC, Clark DP, Moore RD et al (1998) Cryptosporidiosis in patients with AIDS: correlates of disease and survival. Clin Infect Dis 27:536\u2013542","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1246_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00620.x","volume":"50","author":"VA Cama","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cama VA, Bern C, Sulaiman IM et al (2003) Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in HIV-positive patients in Lima, Peru. J Eukaryot Microbiol 50(Suppl):531\u2013533","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00855.x","volume":"7","author":"R Tiangtip","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tiangtip R, Jongwutiwes S (2002) Molecular analysis of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV-infected patients in Thailand. Trop Med Int Health 7:357\u2013364","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"1246_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3472","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.10.3472-3480.2001","volume":"39","author":"K Guyot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guyot K, Follet-Dumoulin A, Lelievre E et al (2001) Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates obtained from humans in France. J Clin Microbiol 39:3472\u20133480","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves M, Matos O, Pereira Da et al (2001) Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium isolates from human HIV-infected and animal hosts. J Eukaryot Microbiol Suppl:17S\u201318S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00438.x"},{"key":"1246_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1086\/515380","volume":"178","author":"JK Griffiths","year":"1998","unstructured":"Griffiths JK (1998) Treatment for AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis. J Infect Dis 178:915\u2013916","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.554","volume":"12","author":"DP Clark","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clark DP (1999) New insights into human cryptosporidiosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:554\u2013563","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1246_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1159\/000060371","volume":"6","author":"V McDonald","year":"2000","unstructured":"McDonald V, Smith R, Robinson H et al (2000) Host immune responses against Cryptosporidium. Contrib Microbiol 6:75\u201391","journal-title":"Contrib Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.56.5.1423-1428.1990","volume":"56","author":"DG Korich","year":"1990","unstructured":"Korich DG, Mead JR, Madore MS et al (1990) Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochlormaine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts viability. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:1423\u20131428","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.851","volume":"75","author":"CL Chappell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC, Langer-Curry R et al (2006) Cryptosporidium hominis: experimental challenge of healthy adults. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:851\u2013857","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503303321304","volume":"332","author":"HL DuPont","year":"1995","unstructured":"DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR et al (1995) The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med 332:855\u2013859","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1246_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.2.441-443.1998","volume":"66","author":"PC Okhuysen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL, Sterling CR et al (1998) Susceptibility and serologic response of healthy adults to reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvum. Infect Immun 66:441\u2013443","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2003.10.034","volume":"56","author":"M Deng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deng M, Rutherford MS, Abrahamsen MS (2004) Host intestinal epithelial response to Cryptosporidium parvum. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 56:869\u2013884","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"1246_CR23","first-page":"727","volume-title":"Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases","author":"KJ Ryan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ryan KJ, Ray CG (2004) Sherris medical microbiology: an introduction to infectious diseases, 4th edn. MGraw-Hill, New York, pp 727\u2013730","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"1246_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.1.57","volume":"21","author":"WR MacKenzie","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacKenzie WR, Schell WL, Blair KA et al (1995) Massive outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidium infection in Milwaukee, Wisconsin: recurrence of illness and risk of secondary transmission. Clin Infect Dis Jul 21(1):57\u201362","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Jul"},{"key":"1246_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.08.002","volume":"24","author":"H Borowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Borowski H, Clode PL, Andrew Thompson RC (2008) Active invasion and\/or encapsulation? A reappraisal of host-cell parasitism by Cryptosporidium. Trends Parasitol 24:509\u2013516","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.128","volume":"5","author":"A Borad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borad A, Ward H (2010) Human immune responses in cryptosporidiosis. Future Microbiol 5:507\u2013519","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00960-07","volume":"76","author":"B Pantenburg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pantenburg B, Dann SM, Wang HC et al (2008) Intestinal immune response to human Cryptosporidium sp. Infection Jr Infect Immun 76:23\u201329","journal-title":"Infection Jr Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wyatt C, McDonald V (2004) Innate and T cell-mediated immune responses in cryptosporidiosis. In: Sterling C, Adam R (eds) World class parasites: the pathogenic gut protozoa. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston pp. 91\u2013102","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-7878-1_7"},{"key":"1246_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7227","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01576-08","volume":"74","author":"S Tanriverdi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tanriverdi S, Grinberg A, Chalmers RM et al (2008) Inferences about the global population structures of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:7227\u20137234","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141126","volume":"21","author":"K Takeda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S (2003) Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 21:335\u2013376","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/674363","volume":"2010","author":"M Loiarro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Loiarro M, Ruggiero V, Sette C (2010) Targeting TLR\/IL-1R signaling in human diseases. Mediat Inflamm 2010:1\u201312","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"1246_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7447","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7447","volume":"175","author":"XM Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen XM, O\u2019Hara SP, Nelson JB et al (2005) Multiple TLRs are expressed in human cholangiocytes and mediate host epithelial defense responses to Cryptosporidiumparvum via activation of NF-kB1. J Immunol 175:7447\u20137756","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.549-556.2006","volume":"74","author":"KA Rogers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rogers KA, Rogers AB, Leav BA et al (2006) MyD88-dependent pathways mediate resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice. Infect Immun 74:549\u2013556","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1710-1713.2000","volume":"68","author":"DF McCole","year":"2000","unstructured":"McCole DF, Eckmann L, Laurent F et al (2000) Intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis following Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Infect Immun 68:1710\u20131713","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6061","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.10.6061-6067.2004","volume":"72","author":"R Mele","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mele R, Gomez Morales MA, Tosini F et al (2004) Cryptosporidium parvum at different developmental stages modulates host cell apoptosis in vitro. Infect Immun 72:6061\u20136067","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000016868","volume":"16","author":"CM Wilcox","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilcox CM, Monkemuller KE (1998) Hepatobiliary diseases in patients with AIDS: focus on AIDS cholangiopathy and gallbladder disease. Dig Dis 16:205\u2013213","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198305263082102","volume":"308","author":"WL Current","year":"1983","unstructured":"Current WL, Reese NC, Ernst JV et al (1983) Human cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent and immuno-deficient persons. Studies of an outbreak and experimental transmission. N Engl J Med 308:1252\u20131257","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1246_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1086\/597387","volume":"199","author":"SP O\u2019Hara","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Hara SP, Small AJ, Gajdos GB et al (2009) HIV-1 Tat protein suppresses cholangiocyte toll-like receptor 4 expression and defense against Cryptosporidium parvum. J Infect Dis 199:1195\u20131204","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.8.3637-3645.2002","volume":"76","author":"M Kameoka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kameoka M, Morgan M, Binette M et al (2002) The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can promote placement of tRNA primer onto viral RNA and suppress later DNA polymerization in HIV-1 reverse transcription. J Virol 76:3637\u20133645","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1246_CR40","first-page":"G1060","volume":"266","author":"SA Grubman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Grubman SA, Perrone RD, Lee DW (1994) Regulation of intracellular pH by immortalized human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell lines. Am J Physiol 266:G1060\u2013G1070","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"1246_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07529-6","volume":"351","author":"A Carr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carr A, Marriott D, Field A et al (1998) Treatment of HIV-1-associated microsporidiosis and cryptosporidiosis with combination antiretroviral therapy. Lancet 351:256\u2013261","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1246_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2003.07718.x","volume":"98","author":"WF Ko","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ko WF, Cello JP, Rogers SJ et al (2003) Prognostic factors for the survival of patients with AIDS cholangiopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 98:2176\u20132181","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1246_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00649.x","volume":"68","author":"RM Dommett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dommett RM, Klein N, Turner MW (2006) Mannose-binding lectin in innate immunity: past, present and future. Tissue Antigens 68:193\u2013209","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"1246_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.19573","volume":"119","author":"P Kelly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kelly P, Jack DL, Naeem A (2000) Mannose-binding lectin is a component of innate mucosal defense against Cryptosporidium parvum in AIDS. Gastroenterology 119:1236\u20131242","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1246_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb1194-789","volume":"1","author":"S Sheriff","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sheriff S, Chang CY, Ezekowitz RAB (1994) Human mannose binding protein carbohydrate recognition domain trimerizes through a triple a-helical coiled-coil. Nat Struct Biol 1:789\u2013794","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol"},{"key":"1246_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90531-O","volume":"183","author":"M Matsushita","year":"1992","unstructured":"Matsushita M, Takahashi A, Hatsuse H et al (1992) Human mannose-binding protein is identical to a component of Ra-reactive factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 183:645\u2013651","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1246_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/386506a0","volume":"386","author":"S Thiel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thiel S, Vorup-Jensen T, Stover CM et al (1997) A second serine protease associated with mannan binding lectin that activates complement. Nature 386:506\u2013510","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1246_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.688-693.2000","volume":"68","author":"O Neth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neth O, Jack DL, Dodds AW et al (2000) Mannose-binding lectin binds to a range of clinically relevant microorganisms and promotes complement deposition. Infect Immun 68:688\u2013693","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1086\/606013","volume":"2000","author":"M Carmolli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carmolli M, Duggal P, Haque R et al (2009) Deficient serum mannose-binding lectin levels and MBL2 polymorphisms increase the risk of single and recurrent Cryptosporidium infections in young children. J Infect Dis 2000:1540\u20131547","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1246_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1086\/505396","volume":"43","author":"BD Kirkpatrick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick BD, Huston CD, Wagner D et al (2006) Serum mannose-binding lectin deficiency is associated with cryptosporidiosis in young Haitian children. Clin Infect Dis 43(3):289\u2013294","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040537","volume":"199","author":"JL Casanova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Casanova JL, Abel L (2004) Human mannose-binding lectin in immunity: friend, foe, or both? J Exp Med 199:1295\u20131299","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1246_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364283","volume":"7","author":"P Garred","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garred P, Larsen F, Seyfarth J et al (2006) Mannose-binding lectin and its genetic variants. Genes Immun 7:85\u201394","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.6.3169","volume":"161","author":"HO Madsen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Madsen HO, Satz ML, Hogh B (1998) Different molecular events result in low protein levels of mannan-binding lectin in populations from southeast Africa and South America. J Immunol 161:3169\u20133175","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3343","volume":"275","author":"S Juliger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Juliger S, Luckner D, Mordmuller B et al (2000) Promoter variants of the human mannose-binding lectin gene show different binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275:617\u2013622","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1246_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00082.x","volume":"66","author":"RL Guerrant","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guerrant RL, Ori\u00e1 RB, Moore SR et al (2008) Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child development. Nutr Rev 66:487\u2013505","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1246_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1411.1","volume":"94","author":"BP Coutinho","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coutinho BP, Ori\u00e1 RB, Vieira CM et al (2008) Cryptosporidium infection causes undernutrition and, conversely, weanling undernutrition intensifies infection. J Parasitol 94:1225\u20131232","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.24","volume":"7","author":"B Pantenburg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pantenburg B, Cabada MM, White AC Jr (2009) Treatment of cryptosporidiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 7:385\u2013391","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"1246_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X1998000100001","volume":"31","author":"W Carson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carson W, Caligiuri MA (1998) Interleukin-15 as a potential regulator of the innate immune response. Braz J Med Biol Res 31:1\u20139","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"1246_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson P, Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL et a (2001) Expression of IL-15 and IL-4 in IFN-gamma-independent control of experimental human Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Cytokine 15:39\u201346","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2001.0888"},{"key":"1246_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1086\/444393","volume":"192","author":"SM Dann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dann SM, Wang HC, Gambarin KJ et al (2005) Interleukin-15 activates human natural killer cells to clear the intestinal protozoan Cryptosporidium. J Infect Dis 192:1294\u20131302","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okhuysen PC, Robinson P, Nguyen MT et al (2001) Jejunal cytokine response in AIDS patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis and during immune reconstitution. AIDS 15:802\u2013804","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200104130-00019"},{"key":"1246_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.325","volume":"68","author":"CS Alcantara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alcantara CS, Yang CH, Steiner TS et al (2003) Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68:325\u2013328","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.06.005","volume":"101","author":"OY Bushen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bushen OY, Kohli A, Pinkerton RC et al (2007) Heavy cryptosporidial infections in children in northeast Brazil: comparison of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101:378\u2013384","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1086\/341296","volume":"186","author":"BD Kirkpatrick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick BD, Daniels MM, Jean SS et al (2002) Cryptosporidiosis stimulates an inflammatory intestinal response in malnourished Haitian children. J Infect Dis 186:94\u2013101","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1086\/506565","volume":"43","author":"BD Kirkpatrick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick BD, Noel F, Rouzier PD et al (2006) Childhood cryptosporidiosis is associated with a persistent systemic inflammatory response. Clin Infect Dis 43:604\u2013608","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.2307\/3283323","volume":"78","author":"DM Thea","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thea DM, Pereira ME, Kotler D et al (1992) Identification and partial purification of a lectin on the surface of the sporozoite of Cryptosporidium parvum. J Parasitol 78:886\u2013893","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2670491","volume":"267","author":"DJ McCool","year":"1990","unstructured":"McCool DJ, Marcon MA, Forstner JF et al (1990) The T84 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line produces mucin in culture and releases it in response to various secretagogues. Biochem J 267:491\u2013500","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1246_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.12.5067-5073.1997","volume":"65","author":"F Laurent","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laurent F, Eckmann L, Savidge TC et al (1997) Cryptosporidium parvum infection of human intestinal epithelial cells induces the polarized secretion of C-X-C chemokines. Infect Immun 65:5067\u20135073","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.19.1.683","volume":"19","author":"KW Moore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moore KW, de Waal MR, Coffman RL et al (2001) Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor. Annu Rev Immunol 19:683\u2013765","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01237-06","volume":"75","author":"HC Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang HC, Dann SM, Okhuysen PC et al (2007) High levels of CXCL10 are produced by intestinal epithelial cells in AIDS patients with active cryptosporidiosis but not after reconstitution of immunity. Infect Immun 75:481\u2013487","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.10.001","volume":"34","author":"M Deng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deng M, Lancto CA, Abrahamsen MS (2004) Cryptosporidium parvum regulation of human epithelial cell gene expression. Int J Parasitol 34:73\u201382","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)33690-X","volume":"59","author":"A Bennett","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bennett A, Fleshler B (1970) Prostaglandins and the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 59:790\u2013800","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1246_CR73","first-page":"176","volume":"87","author":"S Mazumdar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mazumdar S, Das KM (1992) Immunocytochemical localization of vasoactive intestinal peptide and substance P in the colon from normal subjects and patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 87:176\u2013181","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1246_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1787-1790.1998","volume":"66","author":"F Laurent","year":"1998","unstructured":"Laurent F, Kagnoff MF, Savidge TC et al (1998) Human intestinal epithelial cells respond to Cryptosporidium parvum infection with increased prostaglandin H synthase 2 expression and prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha production. Infect Immun 66:1787\u20131790","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR75","unstructured":"Carlstedt-Duke B (1989) The normal microbial flora and mucin. In: Grubb R et al. (ed.) The regulatory and the protective role of the microbial flora. Stockton Press, New York, pp 109\u2013127"},{"key":"1246_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.12.6718","volume":"163","author":"DA O\u2019Neil","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil DA, Porter EM, Elewaut D et al (1999) Expression and regulation of the human beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 in intestinal epithelium. J Immunol 163:6718\u20136724","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02543.x","volume":"137","author":"A Fahlgren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fahlgren A, Hammarstrom S, Danielsson A et al (2004) Beta-defensin-3 and -4 in intestinal epithelial cells display increased mRNA expression in ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 137:379\u2013385","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.5.2772-2779.2004","volume":"72","author":"TK Zaalouk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zaalouk TK, Bajaj-Elliott M, George JT et al (2004) Differential regulation of \u03b2-defensin gene expression during Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Infect Immun 72:2772\u20132779","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1086\/376836","volume":"188","author":"P Robinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Robinson P, Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL et al (2003) Substance P expression correlates with severity of diarrhea in cryptosporidiosis. J Infect Dis 188:290\u2013296","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01738-05","volume":"75","author":"J Hernandez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hernandez J, Lackner A, Aye P et al (2007) Substance P is responsible for physiological alterations such as increased chloride ion secretion and glucose malabsorption in cryptosporidiosis. Infect Immun 75:1137\u20131143","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01631-3","volume":"4","author":"MW Riggs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riggs MW (2002) Recent advances in cryptosporidiosis: the immune response. Microbes Infect 4:1067\u20131080","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"1246_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.2174\/1568008023340505","volume":"2","author":"MA Gomez Morales","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gomez Morales MA, Pozio E (2002) Humoral and cellular immunity against Cryptosporidium infection. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2:291\u2013301","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord"},{"key":"1246_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.583","volume":"77","author":"GA Preidis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Preidis GA, Wang HC, Lewis DE et al (2007) Seropositive human subjects produce interferon gamma after stimulation with recombinant Cryptosporidium hominis gp15. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:583\u2013585","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR84","first-page":"813","volume":"85","author":"C Blanshard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Blanshard C, Jackson AM, Shanson DC et al (1992) Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-seropositive patients. Q J Med 85:813\u2013823","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"1246_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-10-840","volume":"116","author":"T Flanigan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Flanigan T, Whalen C, Turner J (1992) Cryptosporidium infection and CD4 counts. Ann Intern Med 116:840\u2013842","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1246_CR86","first-page":"305","volume":"18","author":"JA Montero","year":"2001","unstructured":"Montero JA, Sinnott JT, Holt DA et al (2001) Biliary cryptosporidiosis: current concepts. Infect Med 18:305\u2013311","journal-title":"Infect Med"},{"key":"1246_CR87","first-page":"418","volume":"46","author":"S Bobin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bobin S, Bouhour D, Durupt S et al (1998) Value of protease inhibitors in the treatment of infections due to microsporidium and\/or Cryptosporidium in patients with the HIV. Pathol Biol 46:418\u2013419","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"1246_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199801000-00005","volume":"12","author":"NA Foudraine","year":"1998","unstructured":"Foudraine NA, Weverling GJ, van Gool T et al (1998) Improvement of chronic diarrhoea in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection during potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 12:35\u201341","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1246_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0590","volume":"82","author":"B Pantenburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pantenburg B, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Dann SM et al (2010) Human CD8(+) T cells clear Cryptosporidium parvum from infected intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82:600\u2013607","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1246_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.6.714","volume":"31","author":"MR Jacyna","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jacyna MR, Parkin J, Goldin R et al (1990) Protracted enteric cryptosporidial infection in selective immunoglobulin A and saccharomyces opsonin deficiencies. Gut 31:714\u2013716","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1246_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(79)80012-X","volume":"10","author":"KH Lasser","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lasser KH, Lewin KJ, Ryning FW (1979) Cryptosporidial enteritis in a patient with congenital hypogammaglobulinemia. Hum Pathol 10:234\u2013240","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"1246_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/72.3.473","volume":"72","author":"WR Weisburger","year":"1979","unstructured":"Weisburger WR, Hutcheon DF, Yardley JH et al (1979) Cryptosporidiosis in an immunosuppressed renal-transplant recipient with IgA deficiency. Am J Clin Pathol 72:473\u2013478","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"1246_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5068-5074.2000","volume":"68","author":"SM Dann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dann SM, Okhuysen PC, Salameh BM et al (2000) Fecal antibodies to Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. Infect Immun 68:5068\u20135074","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01629-5","volume":"4","author":"S Tzipori","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tzipori S, Ward H (2002) Cryptosporidiosis: biology, pathogenesis and disease. Microbes Infect 4:1047\u20131058","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"1246_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00305-08","volume":"8","author":"RM O\u2019Connor","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor RM, Burns PB, Ha-Ngoc T et al (2009) Polymorphic mucin antigens CpMuc4 and CpMuc5 are integral to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro. Eukaryot Cell 8:461\u2013469","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"1246_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2217\/17460913.1.2.201","volume":"1","author":"J Wanyiri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wanyiri J, Ward H (2006) Molecular basis of Cryptosporidium\u2014host cell interactions: recent advances and future prospects. Future Microbiol 1:201\u2013208","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)90051-5","volume":"55","author":"JM Reperant","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reperant JM, Naciri M, Iochmann S et al (1994) Major antigens of Cryptosporidium parvum recognised by serum antibodies from different infected animal species and man. Vet Parasitol 55:1\u201313","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0704:HTABCI]2.0.CO;2","volume":"87","author":"LM Smith","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smith LM, Priest JW, Lammie PJ et al (2001) Human T and B cell immunoreactivity to a recombinant 23-kDa Cryptosporidium parvum antigen. J Parasitol 87:704\u2013707","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.1.123-131.2006","volume":"13","author":"JW Priest","year":"2006","unstructured":"Priest JW, Bern C, Xiao L et al (2006) Longitudinal analysis of Cryptosporidium species-specific immunoglobulin G antibody responses in Peruvian children. Clin Vaccine Immunol 13:123\u2013131","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1086\/515377","volume":"178","author":"DM Moss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moss DM, Chappell CL, Okhuysen PC (1998) The antibody response to 27-, 17-, and 15-kDa Cryptosporidium antigens following experimental infection in humans. J Infect Dis 178:827\u2013833","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1086\/431681","volume":"192","author":"FJ Frost","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frost FJ, Tollestrup K, Craun GF et al (2005) Protective immunity associated with a strong serological response to a Cryptosporidium-specific antigen group, in HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis 192:618\u2013621","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06098.x","volume":"97","author":"A Quesnel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Quesnel A, Moja PS, Blanche C et al (1994) Early impairment of gut mucosal immunity in HIV-1-infected children. Clin Exp Immunol 97:380\u2013385","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1246_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/170.2.299","volume":"170","author":"EN Janoff","year":"1994","unstructured":"Janoff EN, Jackson S, Wahl SM et al (1994) Intestinal mucosal immunoglobulins during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 170:299\u2013307","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00223-6","volume":"106","author":"JW Priest","year":"2000","unstructured":"Priest JW, Kwon JP, Arrowood MJ et al (2000) Cloning of the immunodominant 17-kDa antigen from Cryptosporidium parvum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 106:261\u2013271","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4117","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4117-4134.2000","volume":"68","author":"WB Strong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strong WB, Gut J, Nelson RG (2000) Cloning and sequence analysis of a highly polymorphic Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a 60-kilodalton glycoprotein and characterization of its 15- and 45-kilodalton zoite surface antigen products. Infect Immun 68:4117\u20134134","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5167","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5167-5175.2000","volume":"68","author":"AM Cevallos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cevallos AM, Bhat N, Verdon R et al (2000) Mediation of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro by mucin-like glycoproteins defined by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Infect Immun 68:5167\u20135175","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR107","unstructured":"Allison G, Rogers K, Khan W et al (2005) Systemic IgG response to recombinant Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum gp40 and gp15 antigens in Bangladeshi children with diarrhea. 54th annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Washington, DC, pp 11\u201315"},{"key":"1246_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4108","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4108-4116.2000","volume":"68","author":"AM Cevallos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cevallos AM, Zhang X, Waldor MK et al (2000) Molecular cloning and expression of a gene encoding Cryptosporidium parvum glycoproteins gp40 and gp15. Infect Immun 68:4108\u20134116","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2007.07.010","volume":"156","author":"RM O\u2019Connor","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor RM, Wanyiri JW, Cevallos AM (2007) Cryptosporidium parvum glycoprotein gp40 localizes to the sporozoite surface by association with gp15. Mol Biochem Parasitol 156:80\u201383","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01590-06","volume":"45","author":"SS Ajjampur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ajjampur SS, Gladstone BP, Selvapandian D (2007) Molecular and spatial epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in a semiurban community in South India. J Clin Microbiol 45:915\u2013920","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1246_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(96)02681-3","volume":"80","author":"LE Perryman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Perryman LE, Jasmer DP, Riggs MW et al (1996) A cloned gene of Cryptosporidium parvum encodes neutralization-sensitive epitopes. Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:137\u2013147","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR112","unstructured":"Borad AJ, Allison G, Khan WA et al. (2007) Systemic antibody responses to Cryptosporidium parvum Cp27 in Bangladeshi children with diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis. Presented at the annual immunoparasitology meeting, Woods Hole, MA, pp 26"},{"key":"1246_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(98)00119-4","volume":"96","author":"DA Barnes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barnes DA, Bonnin A, Huang JX et al (1998) A novel multi-domain mucin-like glycoprotein of Cryptosporidium parvum mediates invasion. Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:93\u2013110","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1306-1310.2004","volume":"72","author":"MA Gomez Morales","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gomez Morales MA, Mele R, Ludovisi A (2004) Cryptosporidium parvum-specific CD4 Th1 cells from sensitized donors responding to both fractionated and recombinant antigenic proteins. Infect Immun 72:1306\u20131310","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.211","volume":"172","author":"MA Gomez Morales","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gomez Morales MA, Ausiello CM, Urbani F et al (1995) Crude extract and recombinant protein of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts induce proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. J Infect Dis 172:211\u2013216","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1086\/315261","volume":"181","author":"AC White","year":"2000","unstructured":"White AC, Robinson P, Okhuysen PC et al (2000) Interferon-gamma expression in jejunal biopsies in experimental human cryptosporidiosis correlates with prior sensitization and control of oocyst excretion. J Infect Dis 181:701\u2013709","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1246_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5405","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5405-5407.2000","volume":"68","author":"P Robinson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robinson P, Okhuysen PC, Chappell CL et al (2000) Transforming growth factor beta is expressed in the jejunum after experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infection in humans. Infect Immun 68:5405\u20135407","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2090-2099.2002","volume":"70","author":"S Lacroix-Lamande","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lacroix-Lamande S, Mancassola R, Naciri M (2002) Role of gamma interferon in chemokine expression in the ileum of mice and in a murine intestinal epithelial cell line after Cryptosporidium parvum infection. Infect Immun 70:2090\u20132099","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1246_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00295-08","volume":"8","author":"L Xiao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xiao L (2009) Overview of Cryptosporidium presentations at the 10th international workshops on opportunistic protists. Eukaryot Cell 8:429\u2013436","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"1246_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.03.009","volume":"162","author":"M Shahiduzzaman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shahiduzzaman M, Dyachenko V, Obwaller A et al (2009) Combination of cell culture and quantitative PCR for screening of drugs against Cryptosporidium parvum. Vet Parasitol 162:271\u2013277","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00031-4","volume":"29","author":"G Gargala","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gargala G, Delaunay A, Favennec L et al (1999) Enzyme immunoassay detection of Cryptosporidium parvum inhibition by sinefungin in sporozoite infected HCT-8 enterocytic cells. Int J Parasitol 29:703\u2013709","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"1246_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0437-z","volume":"101","author":"M Najdrowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Najdrowski M, Heckeroth AR, Wackwitz C et al (2007) Development and validation of a cell culture based assay for in vitro assessment of anticryptosporidial compounds. Parasitol Res 101:161\u2013167","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T07:39:04Z","timestamp":1686037144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1246-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,12]]}}}