{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:20:27Z","timestamp":1791372027344,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T23:14:55Z","timestamp":1391296495000},"page":"1173-1180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["(1\u20133)-Beta-D-glucan in association with lactate dehydrogenase as biomarkers of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) in HIV-infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.-H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Badura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Seringa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. F.","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1293.2001.00062.x","volume":"2","author":"SM Barry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barry SM, Johnson MA (2001) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a review of current issues in diagnosis and management. HIV Med 2(2):123\u2013132","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.10.42","volume":"8","author":"EJ Calderon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calderon EJ, Gutierrez-Rivero S, Durand-Joly I, Dei-Cas E (2010) Pneumocystis infection in humans: diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 8(6):683\u2013701","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"2054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.201009-062WR","volume":"8","author":"L Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang L, Cattamanchi A, Davis JL et al (2011) International HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias (IHOP) study; lung HIV study: HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia. Proc Am Thorac Soc 8(3):294\u2013300","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2054_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1010.030985","volume":"10","author":"A Morris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H et al (2004) Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis 10(10):1713\u20131720","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1086\/526778","volume":"46","author":"PD Walzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walzer PD, Evans HE, Copas AJ, Edwards SG, Grant AD, Miller RF (2008) Early predictors of mortality from Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients: 1985\u20132006. Clin Infect Dis 46(4):625\u2013633","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2054_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2005.08.006","volume":"54","author":"RC Arcenas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arcenas RC, Uhl JR, Buckwalter SP et al (2006) A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Pneumocystis from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 54(3):169\u2013175","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2054_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02303-10","volume":"49","author":"F Esteves","year":"2011","unstructured":"Esteves F, Gaspar J, De Sousa B, Antunes F, Mansinho K, Matos O (2011) Clinical relevance of multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: development of a multiplex PCR-single-base-extension methodology. J Clin Microbiol 49(5):1810\u20131815","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2054_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1989.tb00472.x","volume":"97","author":"W Holten-Andersen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Holten-Andersen W, Kolmos HJ (1989) Comparison of methenamine silver nitrate and Giemsa stain for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from HIV infected patients. APMIS 97(8):745\u2013747","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"3","key":"2054_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.3.728-730.1996","volume":"34","author":"I Lautenschlager","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lautenschlager I, Lyytikainen O, Jokipii L et al (1996) Immunodetection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens compared with methenamine silver stain. J Clin Microbiol 34(3):728\u2013730","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2054_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2000.00034-2.x","volume":"6","author":"O Matos","year":"2000","unstructured":"Matos O, Lundgren B, Caldeira L et al (2000) Evaluation of two nested polymerase chain reactions for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 6(3):149\u2013151","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir348","volume":"53","author":"AM Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris AM, Masur H (2011) A serologic test to diagnose Pneumocystis pneumonia: are we there yet? Clin Infect Dis 53(2):203\u2013204","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00035303","volume":"21","author":"D Turner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turner D, Schwarz Y, Yust I (2003) Induced sputum for diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV patients: new data, new issues. Eur Respir J 21(2):204\u2013208","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8713","key":"2054_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92008-6","volume":"336","author":"AE Wakefield","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wakefield AE, Pixley FJ, Banerji S et al (1990) Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet 336(8713):451\u2013453","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR14","first-page":"121","volume":"19","author":"O Matos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matos O, Costa MC, Correia I et al (2006) Pneumocystis jiroveci infection in immunocompetent patients with pulmonary disorders, in Portugal. Acta Med Port 19(2):121\u2013126","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"5","key":"2054_CR15","first-page":"104S","volume":"46","author":"O Matos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matos O, Lundgren B, Caldeira L et al (1999) Evaluation of a nested PCR for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in serum from immunocompromised patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 46(5):104S\u2013105S","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2054_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01756-09","volume":"47","author":"S Desmet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desmet S, Van Wijngaerden E, Maertens J et al (2009) Serum (1\u20133)-beta-D-glucan as a tool for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or hematological malignancy. J Clin Microbiol 47(12):3871\u20133874","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2054_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14259","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014259","volume":"5","author":"K Djawe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Djawe K, Huang L, Daly KR et al (2010) Serum antibody levels to the Pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein in the diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia in HIV+ patients. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14259","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2010.484001","volume":"36","author":"MA Finkelman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Finkelman MA (2010) Pneumocystis jirovecii infection: Cell wall (1\u20133)-B-D-glucan biology and diagnostic utility. Crit Rev Microbiol 36(4):271\u2013281","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2054_CR19","first-page":"1579","volume":"47","author":"GN Fox","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fox GN (1993) Elevated LDH and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am Fam Physician 47(7):1579\u20131582","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"2054_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03760.x","volume":"19","author":"DE Karageorgopoulos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karageorgopoulos DE, Qu JM, Korbila IP, Zhu YG, Vasileiou VA, Falagas ME et al (2013) Accuracy of beta-d-glucan for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 19(1):39\u201349","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.48.1680","volume":"48","author":"H Nakamura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakamura H, Tateyama M, Tasato D et al (2009) Clinical utility of serum beta-D-glucan and KL-6 levels in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Intern Med 48(4):195\u2013202","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.2.415","volume":"108","author":"J Quist","year":"1995","unstructured":"Quist J, Hill AR (1995) Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, tuberculosis, and bacterial pneumonia. Chest 108(2):415\u2013418","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-1467","volume":"131","author":"S Tasaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tasaka S, Hasegawa N, Kobayashi S et al (2007) Serum indicators for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Chest 131(4):1173\u20131180","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2054_CR24","first-page":"w13184","volume":"141","author":"M Vogel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vogel M, Weissgerber P, Goeppert B et al (2011) Accuracy of serum LDH elevation for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Swiss Med Wkly 141:w13184","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2054_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2010.10.007","volume":"62","author":"MG Boer de","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Boer MG, Gelinck LB, van Zelst BD et al (2011) \u03b2-D-glucan and S-adenosylmethionine serum levels for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-negative patients: a prospective study. J Infect 62(1):93\u2013100","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03318.x","volume":"17","author":"J Held","year":"2011","unstructured":"Held J, Koch MS, Reischl U, Danner T, Serr A et al (2011) Serum (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan measurement as an early indicator of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and evaluation of its prognostic value. Clin Microbiol Infect 17(4):595\u2013602","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2054_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05267-11","volume":"50","author":"A Onishi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onishi A, Sugiyama D, Kogata Y et al (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of serum 1,3-beta-D-glucan for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, invasive candidiasis, and invasive aspergillosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 50(1):7\u201315","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir335","volume":"53","author":"PE Sax","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sax PE, Komarow L, Finkelman MA et al (2011) AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5164 Team: Blood (1\u2192 3)-{beta}-D-Glucan as a diagnostic test for HIV-related Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 53(2):197\u2013202","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.3.2.197-199.1996","volume":"3","author":"A Yasuoka","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yasuoka A, Tachikawa N, Shimada K, Kimura S, Oka S (1996) (1\u2192 3) beta-D-glucan as a quantitative serological marker for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3(2):197\u2013199","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1086\/421944","volume":"39","author":"Z Odabasi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Odabasi Z, Mattiuzzi G, Estey E et al (2004) Beta-D-glucan as a diagnostic adjunct for invasive fungal infections: validation, cutoff development, and performance in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 39(2):199\u2013205","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2054_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02091-07","volume":"46","author":"F Persat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Persat F, Ranque S, Derouin F, Michel-Nguyen A, Picot S, Sulahian A (2008) Contribution of the (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan assay for diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. J Clin Microbiol 46(3):1009\u20131013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR32","first-page":"309","volume":"15","author":"SA Grover","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grover SA, Coupal L, Suissa S et al (1992) The clinical utility of serum lactate dehydrogenase in diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among hospitalized AIDS patients. Clin Invest Med 15(4):309\u2013317","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2054_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03828.x","volume":"18","author":"F Esteves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esteves F, Gaspar J, de Sousa B, Antunes F, Mansinho K, Matos O (2012) Pneumocystis jirovecii multilocus genotyping in pooled DNA samples: a new approach for clinical and epidemiological studies. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(6):E177\u2013E184","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2054_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03030.x","volume":"16","author":"F Esteves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Esteves F, Gaspar J, Marques T et al (2010) Identification of relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms in Pneumocystis jirovecii: relationship with clinical data. Clin Microbiol Infect 16(7):878\u2013884","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2054_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.12.007","volume":"10","author":"F Esteves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Esteves F, Gaspar J, Tavares A et al (2010) Population structure of Pneumocystis jirovecii isolated from immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. Infect Genet Evol 10(2):192\u2013199","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2054_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(93)90084-6","volume":"5","author":"S Iwanaga","year":"1993","unstructured":"Iwanaga S (1993) The limulus clotting reaction. Curr Opin Immunol 5(1):74\u201382","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1086\/515658","volume":"178","author":"JE Kaplan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaplan JE, Hanson DL, Navin TR, Jones JL (1998) Risk factors for primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents and adults in the United States: reassessment of indications for chemoprophylaxis. J Infect Dis 178(4):1126\u20131132","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2054_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03605.x","volume":"18","author":"Y Matsumura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsumura Y, Ito Y, Iinuma Y et al (2012) Quantitative real-time PCR and the (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan assay for differentiation between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(6):591\u2013597","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2054_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-4-393","volume":"49","author":"S Teramoto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Teramoto S, Sawaki D, Okada S, Ouchi Y (2000) Markedly increased plasma (1\u21923)-beta-D-glucan is a diagnostic and therapeutic indicator of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a non-AIDS patient. J Med Microbiol 49(4):393\u2013394","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2054_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/15412550701817656","volume":"5","author":"A Morris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morris A, Sciurba FC, Norris KA (2011) Pneumocystis: a novel pathogen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? COPD 5(1):43\u201351","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2054_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-47","volume":"9","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Dobashi K et al (2009) Serum markers in interstitial pneumonia with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis 9:47","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2054_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00249-11","volume":"49","author":"C Damiani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Damiani C, Le Gal S, Lejeune D et al (2011) Serum (1- > 3)-beta-D-glucan levels in primary infection and pulmonary colonization with Pneumocystis jirovecii. J Clin Microbiol 49(5):2000\u20132002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2054_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3380","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01554-13","volume":"51","author":"C Damiani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damiani C, Le Gal S, Da Costa C, Virmaux M, Nevez G, Totet A (2013) Combined quantification of pulmonary Pneumocystis jirovecii DNA and serum (1- > 3)-\u03b2-D-glucan for differential diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia and Pneumocystis colonization. J Clin Microbiol 51(10):3380\u20133388","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]],"date-time":"2020-08-15T00:04:01Z","timestamp":1597449841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2054-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]]}}}