{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:10:22Z","timestamp":1790665822116,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,26]],"date-time":"2014-07-26T11:25:34Z","timestamp":1406373934000},"page":"2105-2109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Baggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fattizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Rigante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","volume":"155","author":"SE Swedo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, Mittleman B, Allen AJ, Perlmutter S, Lougee L, Dow S, Zamkoff J, Dubbert BK (1998) Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry 155:264\u2013271","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2185_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1307","volume":"122","author":"V Gabbay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gabbay V, Coffey BJ, Babb JS, Meyer L, Wachtel C, Anam S, Rabinovitz B (2008) Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcus: comparison of diagnosis and treatment in the community and at a specialty clinic. Pediatrics 122:273\u2013278","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2185_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macerollo A, Martino D (2013) Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcal infections (PANDAS): an evolving concept. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 3. pii: tre-03-167-4158-7","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.167"},{"key":"2185_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00582-2","volume":"55","author":"HS Singer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singer HS, Loiselle C (2003) PANDAS: a commentary. J Psychosom Res 55:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2185_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000137533.53620.59","volume":"17","author":"F Cardoso","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cardoso F (2004) Chorea: non-genetic causes. Curr Opin Neurol 17:433\u2013436","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2185_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1825-3_28","volume":"418","author":"MA Garvey","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garvey MA, Swedo SE (1997) Sydenham\u2019s chorea. Clinical and therapeutic update. Adv Exp Med Biol 418:115\u2013120","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2185_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300901","volume":"13","author":"MA Garvey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garvey MA, Giedd J, Swedo SE (1998) PANDAS: the search for environmental triggers of pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Lessons from rheumatic fever. J Child Neurol 13:413\u2013423","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2185_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.883","volume":"113","author":"R Kurlan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Kaplan EL (2004) The pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) etiology for tics and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms: hypothesis or entity? Practical considerations for the clinician. Pediatrics 113:883\u2013886","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2185_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328307bf1c","volume":"21","author":"DS Wolf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wolf DS, Singer HS (2008) Pediatric movement disorders: an update. Curr Opin Neurol 21:491\u2013496","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2185_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0887-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"KL Hoffman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoffman KL, Hornig M, Yaddanapudi K, Jabado O, Lipkin WI (2004) A murine model for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. J Neurosci 24:1780\u20131791","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2185_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.77","volume":"15","author":"K Yaddanapudi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yaddanapudi K, Hornig M, Serge R, De Miranda J, Baghban A, Villar G, Lipkin WI (2010) Passive transfer of streptococcus-induced antibodies reproduces behavioral disturbances in a mouse model of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection. Mol Psychiatry 15:712\u2013726","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2185_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.02.009","volume":"38","author":"D Lotan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lotan D, Benhar I, Alvarez K, Mascaro-Blanco A, Brimberg L, Frenkel D, Cunningham MW, Joel D (2014) Behavioral and neural effects of intra-striatal infusion of anti-streptococcal antibodies in rats. Brain Behav Immun 38:249\u2013262","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2185_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162205001611","volume":"47","author":"KG Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker KG, Lawrenson J, Wilmshurst JM (2005) Neuropsychiatric movement disorders following streptococcal infection. Dev Med Child Neurol 47:771\u2013775","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"2185_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2058","volume":"116","author":"LK Mell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mell LK, Davis RL, Owens D (2005) Association between streptococcal infection and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, Tourette\u2019s syndrome, and tic disorder. Pediatrics 116:56\u201360","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2185_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P242","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-11-S2-P242","volume":"11","author":"F Falcini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falcini F, Lepri G, Rigante D, Bertini F, Matucci Cerinic M (2013) Descriptive analysis of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcus infection (PANDAS) in a cohort of 65 Italian patients. Pediatr Rheumatol 11(Suppl 2):P242","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol"},{"key":"2185_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd10fd","volume":"73","author":"A Schrag","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schrag A, Gilbert R, Giovannoni G, Robertson MM, Metcalfe C, Ben-Shlomo Y (2009) Streptococcal infection, Tourette syndrome, and OCD: is there a connection? Neurology 73:1256\u20131263","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2185_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.9.848","volume":"158","author":"EM Perrin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perrin EM, Murphy ML, Casey JR, Pichichero ME, Runyan DK, Miller WC, Snider LA, Swedo SE (2004) Does group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection increase risk for behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in children? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158:848\u2013856","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2185_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2657","volume":"121","author":"Kurlan R, Johnson D, Kaplan EL, Tourette Syndrome Study Group","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurlan R, Johnson D, Kaplan EL; Tourette Syndrome Study Group (2008) Streptococcal infection and exacerbations of childhood tics and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms: a prospective blinded cohort study. Pediatrics 121:1188\u20131197","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2185_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.10.011","volume":"50","author":"JF Leckman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leckman JF, King RA, Gilbert DL, Coffey BJ, Singer HS, Dure LS 4th, Grantz H, Katsovich L, Lin H, Lombroso PJ, Kawikova I, Johnson DR, Kurlan RM, Kaplan EL (2011) Streptococcal upper respiratory tract infections and exacerbations of tic and obsessive\u2013compulsive symptoms: a prospective longitudinal study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:108\u2013118.e3","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2185_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738060210091401","volume":"21","author":"P Pavone","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pavone P, Parano E, Rizzo R, Trifiletti RR (2006) Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infection: Sydenham chorea, PANDAS, and PANDAS variants. J Child Neurol 21:727\u2013736","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"2185_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.08.032","volume":"276","author":"CM Morris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morris CM, Pardo-Villamizar C, Gause CD, Singer HS (2009) Serum autoantibodies measured by immunofluorescence confirm a failure to differentiate PANDAS and Tourette syndrome from controls. J Neurol Sci 276:45\u201348","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2185_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2658","volume":"121","author":"HS Singer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singer HS, Gause C, Morris C, Lopez P; Tourette Syndrome Study Group (2008) Serial immune markers do not correlate with clinical exacerbations in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections. Pediatrics 121:1198\u20131205","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2185_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.10.003","volume":"35","author":"Y Hachiya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hachiya Y, Miyata R, Tanuma N, Hongou K, Tanaka K, Shimoda K, Kanda S, Hoshino A, Hanafusa Y, Kumada S, Kurihara E, Hayashi M (2013) Autoimmune neurological disorders associated with group-A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Brain Dev 35:670\u2013674","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2185_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.11.040","volume":"160","author":"HS Singer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singer HS, Gilbert DL, Wolf DS, Mink JW, Kurlan R (2012) Moving from PANDAS to CANS. J Pediatr 160:725\u2013731","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2185_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12297-3","volume":"354","author":"SJ Perlmutter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perlmutter SJ, Leitman SF, Garvey MA, Hamburger S, Feldman E, Leonard HL, Swedo SE (1999) Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and tic disorders in childhood. Lancet 354:1153\u20131158","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2185_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S13205","volume":"7","author":"KH Walsh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walsh KH, McDougle CJ (2011) Psychotherapy and medication management strategies for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 7:485\u2013494","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2185_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199101000-00002","volume":"70","author":"HS Singer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Singer HS, Walkup JT (1991) Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 70:15\u201332","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2185_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20197","volume":"23","author":"EA Storch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Storch EA, Larson MJ, Shapira NA, Ward HE, Murphy TK, Geffken GR, Valerio H, Goodman WK (2006) Clinical predictors of early fluoxetine treatment response in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 23:429\u2013433","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2185_CR29","first-page":"345","volume":"52","author":"BJ Kleinsasser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kleinsasser BJ, Misra LK, Bhatara VS, Sanchez JD (1999) Risperidone in the treatment of choreiform movements and aggressiveness in a child with \u201cPANDAS\u201d. S D J Med 52:345\u2013347","journal-title":"S D J Med"},{"key":"2185_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2010.0040","volume":"20","author":"E Mancuso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mancuso E, Faro A, Joshi G, Geller DA (2010) Treatment of pediatric obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a review. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 20:299\u2013308","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2185_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200201000-00017","volume":"21","author":"A Bottas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bottas A, Richter MA (2002) Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:67\u201371","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2185_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00020-7","volume":"45","author":"MA Garvey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garvey MA, Perlmutter SJ, Allen AJ, Hamburger S, Lougee L, Leonard HL, Witowski ME, Dubbert B, Swedo SE (1999) A pilot study of penicillin prophylaxis for neuropsychiatric exacerbations triggered by streptococcal infection. Biol Psychiatry 45:1564\u20131571","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2185_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.12.035","volume":"57","author":"LA Snider","year":"2005","unstructured":"Snider LA, Lougee L, Slattery M, Grant P, Swedo SE (2005) Antibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders. Biol Psychiatry 57:788\u2013792","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2185_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.4.356","volume":"156","author":"ML Murphy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murphy ML, Pichichero ME (2002) Prospective identification and treatment of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156:356\u2013361","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T10:14:03Z","timestamp":1689416043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2185-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]}}}