{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:26:01Z","timestamp":1777422361234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]],"date-time":"2014-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408579200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T19:07:37Z","timestamp":1414696057000},"page":"267-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["High levels of CD4+ CTLA-4+ Treg cells and CCR5 density in HIV-1-infected patients with visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Vallejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Abad-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"P\u00e9rez-El\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Dronda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2229_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00061-07","volume":"21","author":"J Alvar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A et al (2008) The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21:334\u2013359","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2229_CR2","first-page":"202","volume":"20","author":"JL Casado","year":"2001","unstructured":"Casado JL, Lopez-Velez R, Pintado V et al (2001) Relapsing visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients undergoing successful protease inhibitor therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 20:202\u2013205","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200101000-00006","volume":"80","author":"V Pintado","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pintado V, Mart\u00edn-Rabad\u00e1n P, Rivera ML et al (2001) Visceral leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV-infected patients. A comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore) 80:54\u201373","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2229_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803225002499","volume":"97","author":"P Desjeux","year":"2003","unstructured":"Desjeux P, Alvar J (2003) Leishmania\/HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97:3\u201315","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"2229_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1086\/344325","volume":"186","author":"P Giudice del","year":"2002","unstructured":"del Giudice P, Mary-Krause M, Pradier C et al (2002) Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in a French cohort of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J Infect Dis 186:1366\u20131370","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001153","volume":"5","author":"GF Cota","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Rabello A (2011) Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1153","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cacopardo B, Nigro L, Preiser W et al (1996) Prolonged Th2 cell activation and increased viral replication in HIV\u2013Leishmania co-infected patients despite treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90:434\u2013435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(96)90538-6"},{"key":"2229_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03171.x","volume":"146","author":"V Peruhype-Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peruhype-Magalh\u00e3es V, Martins-Filho OA, Prata A et al (2006) Mixed inflammatory\/regulatory cytokine profile marked by simultaneous raise of interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 and low frequency of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(+) monocytes are hallmarks of active human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania chagasi infection. Clin Exp Immunol 146:124\u2013132","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1181","volume":"6","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2005","unstructured":"Belkaid Y, Rouse BT (2005) Natural regulatory T cells in infectious disease. Nat Immunol 6:353\u2013360","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132723","volume":"27","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Belkaid Y, Tarbell K (2009) Regulatory T cells in the control of host\u2013microorganism interactions. Annu Rev Immunol 27:551\u2013589","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-010-8176-8","volume":"49","author":"AM Sanchez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanchez AM, Yang Y (2011) The role of natural regulatory T cells in infection. Immunol Res 49:124\u2013134","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"2229_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.137","volume":"89","author":"M Miyara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miyara M, Sakaguchi S (2011) Human Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells: their knowns and unknowns. Immunol Cell Biol 89:346\u2013351","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2229_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040298","volume":"200","author":"S Mendez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mendez S, Reckling SK, Piccirillo CA et al (2004) Role for CD4(+) CD25(+) regulatory T cells in reactivation of persistent leishmaniasis and control of concomitant immunity. J Exp Med 200:201\u2013210","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2229_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061141","volume":"204","author":"S Nyl\u00e9n","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nyl\u00e9n S, Maurya R, Eidsmo L et al (2007) Splenic accumulation of IL-10 mRNA in T cells distinct from CD4+CD25+ (Foxp3) regulatory T cells in human visceral leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 204:805\u2013817","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2229_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01152","volume":"420","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2002","unstructured":"Belkaid Y, Piccirillo CA, Mendez S et al (2002) CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control Leishmania major persistence and immunity. Nature 420:502\u2013507","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2229_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052056","volume":"203","author":"IJ Suffia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suffia IJ, Reckling SK, Piccirillo CA et al (2006) Infected site-restricted Foxp3+ natural regulatory T cells are specific for microbial antigens. J Exp Med 203:777\u2013788","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2229_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1086\/315315","volume":"181","author":"J Reynes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reynes J, Portales P, Segondy M et al (2000) CD4 cell surface CCR5 density as a determining factor of viral load in HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis 181:927\u2013932","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49526","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049526","volume":"7","author":"X Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang X, Jiao YM, Wang R et al (2012) High CCR5 density on central memory CD4+ T cells in acute HIV-1 infection is mostly associated with rapid disease progression. PLoS One 7:e49526","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2229_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1086\/506618","volume":"194","author":"V Barreto-de-Souza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barreto-de-Souza V, Pacheco GJ, Silva AR et al (2006) Increased Leishmania replication in HIV-1-infected macrophages is mediated by tat protein through cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J Infect Dis 194:846\u2013854","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002635","volume":"8","author":"DJ Mock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mock DJ, Hollenbaugh JA, Daddacha W et al (2012) Leishmania induces survival, proliferation and elevated cellular dNTP levels in human monocytes promoting acceleration of HIV co-infection. PLoS Pathog 8:e1002635","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2229_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5519","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.10.5519","volume":"163","author":"N Sato","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sato N, Kuziel WA, Melby PC et al (1999) Defects in the generation of IFN-gamma are overcome to control infection with Leishmania donovani in CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5-, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha-, or CCR2-deficient mice. J Immunol 163:5519\u20135525","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01227.x","volume":"57","author":"B Dasgupta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dasgupta B, Roychoudhury K, Ganguly S et al (2003) Infection of human mononuclear phagocytes and macrophage-like THP1 cells with Leishmania donovani results in modulation of expression of a subset of chemokines and a chemokine receptor. Scand J Immunol 57:366\u2013374","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.06.003","volume":"113","author":"C Zhao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhao C, Papadopoulou B, Tremblay MJ (2004) Leishmania infantum enhances human immunodeficiency virus type-1 replication in primary human macrophages through a complex cytokine network. Clin Immunol 113:81\u201388","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2008.02076.x","volume":"67","author":"S Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Dey R, Majumder N et al (2008) A novel approach to regulate experimental visceral leishmaniasis in murine macrophages using CCR5 siRNA. Scand J Immunol 67:345\u2013353","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2229_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1086\/518167","volume":"44","author":"S Antinori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antinori S, Calattini S, Longhi E et al (2007) Clinical use of polymerase chain reaction performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples for the diagnosis and monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients: a single-center, 8-year experience in Italy and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis 44:1602\u20131610","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1157\/13123842","volume":"26","author":"Panel de expertos de GESIDA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Panel de expertos de GESIDA; Plan Nacional sobre el Sida (2008) Treatment of opportunistic infections in adolescent and adult patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Study Group (GESIDA) and National AIDS Plan Expert Committee. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 26:356\u2013379","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"2229_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1160062","volume":"322","author":"K Wing","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wing K, Onishi Y, Prieto-Martin P et al (2008) CTLA-4 control over Foxp3+ regulatory T cell function. Science 322:271\u2013275","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2229_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5155","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-388918","volume":"119","author":"X Tai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tai X, Van Laethem F, Pobezinsky L et al (2012) Basis of CTLA-4 function in regulatory and conventional CD4(+) T cells. Blood 119:5155\u20135163.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2229_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010788","volume":"5","author":"A Bandera","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bandera A, Ferrario G, Saresella M et al (2010) CD4+ T cell depletion, immune activation and increased production of regulatory T cells in the thymus of HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 5:e10788","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2229_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3808","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-05-021576","volume":"108","author":"J Nilsson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nilsson J, Boasso A, Velilla PA et al (2006) HIV-1-driven regulatory T-cell accumulation in lymphoid tissues is associated with disease progression in HIV\/AIDS. Blood 108:3808\u20133817","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2229_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28118","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028118","volume":"6","author":"P Presicce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Presicce P, Orsborn K, King E et al (2011) Frequency of circulating regulatory T cells increases during chronic HIV infection and is largely controlled by highly active antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 6:e28118","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2229_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-409755","volume":"121","author":"MF Chevalier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chevalier MF, Weiss L (2013) The split personality of regulatory T cells in HIV infection. Blood 121:29\u201337","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2229_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000242457.43392.61","volume":"44","author":"SM Hsieh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsieh SM, Chen MY, Pan SC et al (2007) Aberrant induction of regulatory activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells by dendritic cells in HIV-infected persons with amebic liver abscess. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 44:6\u201313","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2229_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1086\/499597","volume":"193","author":"MD Krathwohl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krathwohl MD, Schacker TW, Anderson JL (2006) Abnormal presence of semimature dendritic cells that induce regulatory T cells in HIV-infected subjects. J Infect Dis 193:494\u2013504","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2229_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34823","volume":"118","author":"O Manches","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manches O, Munn D, Fallahi A et al (2008) HIV-activated human plasmacytoid DCs induce Tregs through an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 118:3431\u20133439","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2229_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00563-2","volume":"11","author":"JM Freitas Balanco de","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Freitas Balanco JM, Moreira ME, Bonomo A et al (2001) Apoptotic mimicry by an obligate intracellular parasite downregulates macrophage microbicidal activity. Curr Biol 11:1870\u20131873","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2229_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nigro L, Rizzo ML, Vancheri C et al (2007) CCR5 and CCR3 expression on T CD3+ lymphocytes from HIV\/Leishmania co-infected subjects. Med Microbiol Immunol 196:253\u2013255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-007-0046-1"},{"key":"2229_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109070-00004","volume":"15","author":"J Reynes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reynes J, Portales P, Segondy M et al (2001) CD4 T cell surface CCR5 density as a host factor in HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 15:1627\u20131634","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2229_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1310\/hct1106-351","volume":"11","author":"TJ Wilkin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wilkin TJ, Ribaudo HR, Tenorio AR et al (2010) The relationship of CCR5 antagonists to CD4+ T-cell gain: a meta-regression of recent clinical trials in treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials 11:351\u2013358","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T18:32:56Z","timestamp":1689618776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2229-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,21]]}}}