{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:02:52Z","timestamp":1790420572187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,30]],"date-time":"2014-10-30T19:07:24Z","timestamp":1414696044000},"page":"215-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Neonatal sepsis: the gut connection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2007.01.007","volume":"83","author":"M Wilks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilks M (2007) Bacteria and early human development. Early Hum Dev 83:165\u2013170","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"2232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2515","volume":"9","author":"JL Round","year":"2009","unstructured":"Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2009) The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 9:313\u2013323","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2232_CR3","volume-title":"Roberton\u2019s textbook of neonatology","author":"JM Rennie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rennie JM (2005) Roberton\u2019s textbook of neonatology, 4th edn). Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh","edition":"4"},{"key":"2232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(81)90782-8","volume":"70","author":"DA Goldmann","year":"1981","unstructured":"Goldmann DA (1981) Bacterial colonization and infection in the neonate. Am J Med 70:417\u2013422","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81128-X","volume":"117","author":"JN Udall Jr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Udall JN Jr (1990) Gastrointestinal host defense and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr 117:S33\u2013S43","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2232_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601578","volume":"57","author":"HK Saene van","year":"2003","unstructured":"van Saene HK, Taylor N, Donnell SC, Glynn J, Magnall VL, Okada Y, Klein NJ, Pierro A, Lloyd DA (2003) Gut overgrowth with abnormal flora: the missing link in parenteral nutrition-related sepsis in surgical neonates. Eur J Clin Nutr 57:548\u2013553","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199804000-00016","volume":"227","author":"A Pierro","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pierro A, van Saene HKF, Jones MO, Brown D, Nunn AJ, Lloyd DA (1998) Clinical impact of abnormal gut flora in infants receiving parenteral nutrition. Ann Surg 227:547\u2013552","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1318","volume":"52","author":"SC Donnell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donnell SC, Taylor N, van Saene HK, Magnall VL, Pierro A, Lloyd DA (2002) Infection rates in surgical neonates and infants receiving parenteral nutrition: a five-year prospective study. J Hosp Infect 52:273\u2013280","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2232_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B","volume":"31","author":"MM Levy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G; SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS (2003) 2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 31:1250\u20131256","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","volume":"101","author":"RC Bone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP\/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644\u20131655","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2232_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60549-1","volume":"375","author":"RE Black","year":"2010","unstructured":"Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, Jha P, Campbell H, Walker CF, Cibulskis R, Eisele T, Liu L, Mathers C; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF (2010) Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375:1969\u20131987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000213","volume":"7","author":"K Edmond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edmond K, Zaidi A (2010) New approaches to preventing, diagnosing, and treating neonatal sepsis. PLoS Med 7:e1000213","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71048-5","volume":"365","author":"JE Lawn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J; Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team (2005) 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet 365:891\u2013900","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F220","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2002.022863","volume":"90","author":"S Vergnano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vergnano S, Sharland M, Kazembe P, Mwansambo C, Heath PT (2005) Neonatal sepsis: an international perspective. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90:F220\u2013F224","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1080\/08035259950168577","volume":"88","author":"KA Kuruvilla","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kuruvilla KA, Thomas N, Jesudasan MV, Jana AK (1999) Neonatal Group B Streptococcal bacteraemia in India: ten years\u2019 experience. Acta Paediatr 88:1031\u20131032","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1998.tb03101.x","volume":"38","author":"KW Tan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tan KW, Tay L, Lin R, Daniel M, Bhavani S, Lim SH (1998) Group B Streptococcal septicaemia\/meningitis in neonates in a Singapore teaching hospital. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 38:418\u2013423","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181958769","volume":"28","author":"AKM Zaidi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaidi AKM, Thaver D, Ali SA, Khan TA (2009) Pathogens associated with sepsis in newborns and young infants in developing countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:S10\u2013S18","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2232_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02752407","volume":"68","author":"G Karthikeyan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Karthikeyan G, Premkumar K (2001) Neonatal sepsis: Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogen. Indian J Pediatr 68:715\u2013717","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2232_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-010-0272-1","volume":"78","author":"R Viswanathan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee R, Das P, Basu S (2011) Aetiology and antimicrobial resistance of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care centre in eastern India: a 3 year study. Indian J Pediatr 78:409\u2013412","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"2232_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1179\/2046905513Y.0000000072","volume":"34","author":"R Viswanathan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Basu S, Chatterjee S, Roy S, Isaacs D (2014) Multi-drug-resistant, non-fermenting, gram-negative bacilli in neonatal sepsis in Kolkata, India: a 4-year study. Paediatr Int Child Health 34:56\u201359","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"2232_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71881-X","volume":"365","author":"AKM Zaidi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zaidi AKM, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA (2005) Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. Lancet 365:1175\u20131188","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F182","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300097","volume":"97","author":"R Viswanathan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viswanathan R, Singh AK, Basu S, Chatterjee S, Sardar S, Isaacs D (2012) Multi-drug resistant gram negative bacilli causing early neonatal sepsis in India. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 97:F182\u2013F187","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2232_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.01060.x","volume":"98","author":"I Adlerberth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adlerberth I, Wold AE (2009) Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants. Acta Paediatr 98:229\u2013238","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"2232_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1971.tb34996.x","volume":"176","author":"LJ Mata","year":"1971","unstructured":"Mata LJ, Urrutia JJ (1971) Intestinal colonization of breast-fed children in a rural area of low socio-economic level. Ann N Y Acad Sci 176:93\u2013109","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2232_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-15-2-189","volume":"15","author":"PL Stark","year":"1982","unstructured":"Stark PL, Lee A (1982) The microbial ecology of the large bowel of breast-fed and formula-fed infants during the first year of life. J Med Microbiol 15:189\u2013203","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR26","first-page":"279","volume-title":"Development of the gastrointestinal tract","author":"I Adlerberth","year":"1999","unstructured":"Adlerberth I, Hanson LA, Wold AE (1999) The ontogeny of the intestinal flora. In: Sanderson IR, Walker WA (eds) Development of the gastrointestinal tract. BC Decker, Ontario, pp 279\u2013292"},{"key":"2232_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.033803-0","volume":"60","author":"P Das","year":"2011","unstructured":"Das P, Singh AK, Pal T, Dasgupta S, Ramamurthy T, Basu S (2011) Colonization of the gut with Gram-negative bacilli, its association with neonatal sepsis and its clinical relevance in a developing country. J Med Microbiol 60:1651\u20131660","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1984.tb00754.x","volume":"28","author":"Y Benno","year":"1984","unstructured":"Benno Y, Sawada K, Mitsuoka T (1984) The intestinal microflora of infants: composition of fecal flora in breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. Microbiol Immunol 28:975\u2013986","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"2232_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2824","volume":"118","author":"J Penders","year":"2006","unstructured":"Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, Stelma FF, Snijders B, Kummeling I, van den Brandt PA, Stobberingh EE (2006) Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 118:511\u2013521","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2232_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01964052","volume":"8","author":"K Tullus","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tullus K, Aronsson B, Marcus S, M\u00f6llby R (1989) Intestinal colonization with clostridium difficile in infants up to 18 months of age. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 8:390\u2013393","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2232_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76597","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076597","volume":"8","author":"V Nordberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nordberg V, Quizhpe Peralta A, Galindo T, Turlej-Rogacka A, Iversen A, Giske CG, Nav\u00e9r L (2013) High proportion of intestinal colonization with successful epidemic clones of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a neonatal intensive care unit in Ecuador. PLoS One 8(10):e76597","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2232_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400270043006","volume":"123","author":"JC Marshall","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marshall JC, Christou NV, Horn R, Meakins JL (1988) The microbiology of multiple organ failure. The proximal gastrointestinal tract as an occult reservoir of pathogens. Arch Surg 123:309\u2013315","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"2232_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199308000-00001","volume":"218","author":"JC Marshall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marshall JC, Christou NV, Meakins JL (1993) The gastrointestinal tract. The \u201cundrained abscess\u201d of multiple organ failure. Ann Surg 218:111\u2013119","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2232_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199507000-00006","volume":"39","author":"J Li","year":"1995","unstructured":"Li J, Kudsk KA, Gocinski B, Dent D, Glezer J, Langkamp-Henken B (1995) Effects of parenteral and enteral nutrition on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J Trauma 39:44\u201351","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2232_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198810000-00015","volume":"208","author":"TR Billiar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Billiar TR, Maddaus MA, West MA, Curran RD, Wells CA, Simmons RL (1988) Intestinal gram-negative bacterial overgrowth in vivo augments the in vitro response of Kupffer cells to endotoxin. Ann Surg 208:532\u2013540","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2232_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu084","volume":"58","author":"MA Carl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carl MA, Ndao IM, Springman AC, Manning SD, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, Burnham CA, Weinstock ES, Weinstock GM, Wylie TN, Mitreva M, Abubucker S, Zhou Y, Stevens HJ, Hall-Moore C, Julian S, Shaikh N, Warner BB, Tarr PI (2014) Sepsis from the gut: the enteric habitat of bacteria that cause late-onset neonatal bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis 58(9):1211\u20131218","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2232_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F456","DOI":"10.1136\/fetalneonatal-2011-301373","volume":"97","author":"JC Madan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madan JC, Salari RC, Saxena D, Davidson L, O\u2019Toole GA, Moore JH, Sogin ML, Foster JA, Edwards WH, Palumbo P, Hibberd PL (2012) Gut microbial colonisation in premature neonates predicts neonatal sepsis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal 97(6):F456\u2013F462","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal"},{"key":"2232_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)88906-4","volume":"3","author":"RD Berg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Berg RD (1995) Bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract. Trends Microbiol 3:149\u2013154","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.05.006","volume":"37","author":"MP Sherman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sherman MP (2010) New concepts of microbial translocation in the neonatal intestine: mechanisms and prevention. Clin Perinatol 37:565\u2013579","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"2S Suppl","key":"2232_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.432S","volume":"130","author":"LC Duffy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duffy LC (2000) Interactions mediating bacterial translocation in the immature intestine. J Nutr 130(2S Suppl):432S\u2013436S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2232_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.223","volume":"45","author":"J MacFie","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacFie J, O\u2019Boyle C, Mitchell CJ, Buckley PM, Johnstone D, Sudworth P (1999) Gut origin of sepsis: a prospective study investigating associations between bacterial translocation, gastric microflora, and septic morbidity. Gut 45:223\u2013228","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2232_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090124","volume":"304","author":"P Cossart","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cossart P, Sansonetti PJ (2004) Bacterial invasion: the paradigms of enteroinvasive pathogens. Science 304:242\u2013248","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2232_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-1-2","volume":"1","author":"LD Kalischuk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalischuk LD, Inglis GD, Buret AG (2009) Campylobacter jejuni induces transcellular translocation of commensal bacteria via lipid rafts. Gut Pathog 1:2","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"2232_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/138.2.227","volume":"138","author":"SN Schwartz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwartz SN, Dowling JN, Benkovic C, DeQuittner-Buchanan M, Prostko T, Yee RB (1978) Sources of gram-negative bacilli colonizing the tracheae of intubated patients. J Infect Dis 138:227\u2013231","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2232_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.10.1127","volume":"158","author":"MJ Bonten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bonten MJ, Slaughter S, Ambergen AW, Hayden MK, van Voorhis J, Nathan C, Weinstein RA (1998) The role of \u201ccolonization pressure\u201d in the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: an important infection control variable. Arch Intern Med 158:1127\u20131132","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2232_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1086\/422002","volume":"39","author":"CJ Donskey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Donskey CJ (2004) The role of the intestinal tract as a reservoir and source for transmission of nosocomial pathogens. Clin Infect Dis 39:219\u2013226","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2232_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1086\/504481","volume":"43","author":"CJ Donskey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donskey CJ (2006) Antibiotic regimens and intestinal colonization with antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 43:S62\u2013S69","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2232_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1030-z","volume":"29","author":"S Roy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roy S, Viswanathan R, Singh A, Das P, Basu S (2010) Gut colonization by multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in neonates. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29:1495\u20131500","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2232_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155725","volume":"320","author":"RE Ley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, Turnbaugh PJ, Ramey RR, Bircher JS, Schlegel ML, Tucker TA, Schrenzel MD, Knight R, Gordon JI (2008) Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320:1647\u20131651","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2232_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.07.004","volume":"12","author":"AA Salyers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salyers AA, Gupta A, Wang Y (2004) Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Trends Microbiol 12:412\u2013416","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2478\/s11536-008-0088-9","volume":"4","author":"K Bockstael","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bockstael K, Van Aerschot A (2009) Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. Cent Eur J Med 4:141\u2013155","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Med"},{"key":"2232_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.78.082907.145923","volume":"78","author":"H Nikaido","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nikaido H (2009) Multidrug resistance in bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem 78:119\u2013146","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2232_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.02.004","volume":"72","author":"F Randrianirina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Randrianirina F, Vedy S, Rakotovao D, Ramarokoto CE, Ratsitohaina H, Carod JF, Ratsima E, Morillon M, Talarmin A (2009) Role of contaminated aspiration tubes in nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing SHV-2 and CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases. J Hosp Infect 72:23\u201329","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2232_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05103-11","volume":"56","author":"J Oteo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oteo J, Cercenado E, Fern\u00e1ndez-Romero S, Sa\u00e9z D, Padilla B, Zamora E, Cuevas O, Bautista V, Campos J (2012) Extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli as a cause of pediatric infections: report of a neonatal intensive care unit outbreak due to a CTX-M-14-producing strain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:54\u201358","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2232_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1086\/502205","volume":"24","author":"MV Villegas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Villegas MV, Hartstein AI (2003) Acinetobacter outbreaks, 1977\u20132000. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24:284\u2013295","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"2232_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.03.010","volume":"19","author":"A Touati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Touati A, Achour W, Cherif A, Hmida HB, Afif FB, Jabnoun S, Khrouf N, Hassen AB (2009) Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit: antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping analysis. Ann Epidemiol 19:372\u2013378","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2232_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00832-07","volume":"46","author":"M Millar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Millar M, Philpott A, Wilks M, Whiley A, Warwick S, Hennessy E, Coen P, Kempley S, Stacey F, Costeloe K (2008) Colonization and persistence of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains in infants nursed in two neonatal intensive care units in East London, United Kingdom. J Clin Microbiol 46:560\u2013567","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00001-07","volume":"20","author":"AM Queenan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Queenan AM, Bush K (2007) Carbapenemases: the versatile \u03b2-lactamases. Clin Microbiol Rev 20:440\u2013458","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2232_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2244(00)00035-2","volume":"10","author":"C Shortt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shortt C (1999) The probiotic century: historical and current perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:411\u2013417","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"2232_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002682","volume":"88","author":"PC Calder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Calder PC, Kew S (2002) The immune system: a target for functional foods? Br J Nutr 88:S165\u2013S177","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"2232_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4025","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00767-06","volume":"44","author":"R Mohan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mohan R, Koebnick C, Schildt J, Schmidt S, Mueller M, Possner M, Radke M, Blaut M (2006) Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Clin Microbiol 44:4025\u20134031","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2232_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1159\/000097449","volume":"91","author":"SJ Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee SJ, Cho SJ, Park EA (2007) Effects of probiotics on enteric flora and feeding tolerance in preterm infants. Neonatology 91:174\u2013179","journal-title":"Neonatology"},{"key":"2232_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1301","volume":"125","author":"G Deshpande","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deshpande G, Rao S, Patole S, Bulsara M (2010) Updated meta-analysis of probiotics for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Pediatrics 125:921\u2013930","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2232_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31815ed64c","volume":"63","author":"CJ Hunter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hunter CJ, Upperman JS, Ford HR, Camerini V (2008) Understanding the susceptibility of the premature infant to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Pediatr Res 63:117\u2013123","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T21:06:03Z","timestamp":1565989563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-014-2232-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]]}}}