{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:40:19Z","timestamp":1784932819237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T11:52:02Z","timestamp":1444132322000},"page":"2447-2453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Molecular seasonal, age and gender distributions of Cryptosporidium in diarrhoeic Egyptians: distinct endemicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9673-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. A.","family":"El-Badry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S. A.","family":"Al-Antably","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. A.","family":"Hanafy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Y.","family":"Abu-Sarea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2502_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.07.015","volume":"149","author":"HV Smith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Smith HV, Cacci\u00f2 SM, Cook N, Nichols RA, Tait A (2007) Cryptosporidium and Giardia as foodborne zoonoses. Vet Parasitol 149:29\u201340","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"2502_CR2","unstructured":"Neglected Diseases Initiative of the World Health Organization. Home page at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/en\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"2502_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2805-2809.2005","volume":"43","author":"IM Sulaiman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sulaiman IM, Hira PR, Zhou L, Al-Ali FM, Al-Shelahi FA, Shweiki HM, Iqbal J, Khalid N, Xiao L (2005) Unique endemicity of cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait. J Clin Microbiol 43(6):2805\u20132809","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR4","first-page":"9","volume":"38","author":"FG Youssef","year":"2008","unstructured":"Youssef FG, Adib I, Riddle MS, Schlett CD (2008) A review of cryptosporidiosis in Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 38:9\u201328","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2502_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","volume":"124","author":"L Xiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xiao L (2010) Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update. Exp Parasitol 124(1):80\u201389","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2502_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"MMI Ghallab","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghallab MMI, Abdel-Aziz IZ, Shoeib EY, El-Badry AA (2014) Laboratory utility of coproscopy, copro immunoassays and copro nPCR assay targeting Hsp90 gene for detection of Cryptosporidium in children, Cairo, Egypt. J Parasit Dis 8(2):1\u20135","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"2502_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0304.970423","volume":"3","author":"MM Peng","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peng MM, Xiao L, Freeman AR, Arrowood MJ, Escalante AA, Weltman AC, Ong CS, Mac Kenzie WR, Lal AA, Beard CB (1997) Genetic polymorphism among Cryptosporidium parvum isolates: evidence of two distinct human transmission cycles. Emerg Infect Dis 3:567\u2013573","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2502_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31883","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031883","volume":"7","author":"A Lal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lal A, Hales S, French N, Baker MG (2012) Seasonality in human zoonotic enteric diseases: a systematic review. PLoS One 7(4):31883","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2502_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0701.010109","volume":"7","author":"S Pedraza-D\u00edaz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pedraza-D\u00edaz S, Amar C, Nichols GL, McLauchlin J (2001) Nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein gene. Emerg Infect Dis 7(1):49\u201356","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2502_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1097(97)00115-8","volume":"150","author":"F Spano","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spano F, Putignani L, McLauchlin J, Casemore DP, Crisanti A (1997) PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and between C. parvum isolates of human and animal origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 150:209\u2013217","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"2502_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2465-6","volume":"110","author":"NM Abd El Kader","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abd El Kader NM, Blanco MA, Ali-Tammam M, Abd El Ghaffar Ael R, Osman A, El Sheikh N, Rubio JM, de Fuentes I (2011) Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in human patients in Cairo, Egypt. Parasitol Res 110(1):161\u2013166","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2502_CR12","first-page":"1378","volume":"8","author":"MA El-Settawy","year":"2012","unstructured":"El-Settawy MA, Fathy GM (2012) Evaluation and comparison of PCR, coproantigen ELISA and microscopy for diagnosis of Cryptosporidium in human diarrheic specimens. J Am Sci 8(12):1378\u20131385","journal-title":"J Am Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2502_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-014-0490-0","volume":"51","author":"MM Fathy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fathy MM, Abdelrazek NM, Hassan FA, El-Badry AA (2014) Molecular copro-prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Egyptian children and evaluation of three diagnostic methods. Indian Pediatr 51(9):727\u2013729","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2502_CR14","first-page":"11","volume":"56","author":"JS Yoder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yoder JS, Beach MJ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2007) Giardiasis surveillance\u2014United States, 2003\u20132005. MMWR Surveill Summ 56(7):11\u201318","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"2502_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1086\/314820","volume":"180","author":"RD Newman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Newman RD, Sears CL, Moore SR, Nataro JP, Wuhib T, Agnew DA, Guerrant RL, Lima AAM (1999) Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in Northeastern Brazil. J Infect Dis 180:167\u2013175","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2502_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.02.003","volume":"115","author":"H Adamu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adamu H, Petros B, Hailu A, Petry F (2010) Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans in Ethiopia. Acta Trop 115(1\u20132):77\u201383","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"2502_CR17","first-page":"991","volume":"39","author":"FF Natividad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Natividad FF, Buerano CC, Lago CB, Mapua CA, De Guzman BB, Seraspe EB, Samentar LP, Endo T (2008) Prevalence rates of Giardia and Cryptosporidium among diarrheic patients in the Philippines. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39(6):991\u2013999","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"2502_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00628.x","volume":"50","author":"MM Peng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peng MM, Meshnick SR, Cunliffe NA, Thindwa BD, Hart CA, Broadhead RL, Xiao L (2003) Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Malawi. J Eukaryot Microbiol 50:557\u2013559","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.710","volume":"68","author":"JK Tumwine","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tumwine JK, Kekitiinwa A, Nabukeera N, Akiyoshi DE, Rich SM, Widmer G, Feng X, Tzipori S (2003) Cryptosporidium parvum in children with diarrhea in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68:710\u2013715","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2502_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0806.01-0331","volume":"8","author":"C Bern","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bern C, Ortega Y, Checkley W, Roberts JM, Lescano AG, Cabrera L, Verastegui M, Black RE, Sterling C, Gilman RH (2002) Epidemiologic differences between cyclosporiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Peruvian children. Emerg Infect Dis 8:581\u2013585","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2502_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.7.3973-3978.2004","volume":"70","author":"JJ Learmonth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Learmonth JJ, Ionas G, Ebbett KA, Kwan ES (2004) Genetic characterization and transmission cycles of Cryptosporidium species isolated from humans in New Zealand. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:3973\u20133978","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.12.015","volume":"193","author":"YA Helmy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helmy YA, Kr\u00fccken J, N\u00f6ckler K, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Zessin KH (2013) Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in livestock animals and humans in the Ismailia province of Egypt. Vet Parasitol 193:15\u201324","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2502_CR23","first-page":"975","volume":"39","author":"AM Eida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eida AM, Eida MM, El-Desoky A (2009) Pathological studies of different genotypes of human Cryptosporidium Egyptian isolates in experimentally mice. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39(3):975\u2013990","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2502_CR24","first-page":"51","volume":"37","author":"AM El-Shazly","year":"2007","unstructured":"El-Shazly AM, El-sheikha HM, Soltan DM, Mohammad KA, Morsy TA (2007) Protozoal pollution of surface water sources in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 37(1):51\u201364","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"2502_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1458-1462.2003","volume":"41","author":"W Gatei","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gatei W, Greensill J, Ashford RW, Cuevas LE, Parry CM, Cunliffe NA, Beeching NJ, Hart CA (2003) Molecular analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium parasites from patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infections living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 41:1458\u20131462","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3881-3890.2002","volume":"70","author":"BA Leav","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leav BA, Mackay MR, Anyanwu A, O\u2019Connor RM, Cevallos AM, Kindra G, Rollins NC, Bennish ML, Nelson RG, Ward HD (2002) Analysis of sequence diversity at the highly polymorphic Cpgp40\/15 locus among Cryptosporidium isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in South Africa. Infect Immun 70:3881\u20133890","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"2502_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.006","volume":"38","author":"L Xiao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Xiao L, Fayer R (2008) Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission. Int J Parasitol 38(11):1239\u20131255","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"2502_CR28","first-page":"645","volume":"38","author":"FA Al-Brikan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Brikan FA, Salem HS, Beeching N, Hilal N (2008) Multilocus genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 38:645\u2013658","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"2502_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.01.011","volume":"125","author":"N Hijjawi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hijjawi N, Ng J, Yang R, Atoum MF, Ryan U (2010) Identification of rare and novel Cryptosporidium GP60 subtypes in human isolates from Jordan. Exp Parasitol 125:161\u2013164","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"2502_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.028001-0","volume":"60","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iqbal J, Khalid N, Hira PR (2011) Cryptosporidiosis in Kuwaiti children: association of clinical characteristics with Cryptosporidium species and subtypes. J Med Microbiol 60(Pt 5):647\u2013652","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2502_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012001953","volume":"140","author":"NA Alyousefi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alyousefi NA, Mahdy MA, Lim YA, Xiao L, Mahmud R (2013) First molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium in Yemen. Parasitology 140(6):729\u2013734","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2502_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003","volume":"41","author":"M Alves","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alves M, Xiao L, Sulaiman I, Lal AA, Matos O, Antunes F (2003) Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal. J Clin Microbiol 41:2744\u20132747","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.3984-3990.2000","volume":"38","author":"J McLauchlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"McLauchlin J, Amar C, Pedraza-D\u00edaz S, Nichols GL (2000) Molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in the United Kingdom: results of genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. in 1,705 fecal samples from humans and 105 fecal samples from livestock animals. J Clin Microbiol 38:3984\u20133990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2502_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garvey P, McKeown P (2009) Epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Ireland, 2004\u20132006: analysis of national notification data. Euro Surveill 14(8). pii: 19128","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.08.19128-en"},{"issue":"3","key":"2502_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2007.02.003","volume":"56","author":"MT Llorente","year":"2007","unstructured":"Llorente MT, Clavel A, Go\u00f1i MP, Varea M, Seral C, Becerril R, Suarez L, G\u00f3mez-Lus R (2007) Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species from humans in Spain. Parasitol Int 56(3):201\u2013205","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"2502_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.071273","volume":"14","author":"VA Cama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cama VA, Bern C, Roberts J, Cabrera L, Sterling CR, Ortega Y, Gilman RH, Xiao L (2008) Cryptosporidium species and subtypes and clinical manifestations in children, Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1567\u20131574","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2502_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.12816\/0006385","volume":"43","author":"GT El-Sherbini","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Sherbini GT, Abosdera MM (2013) Risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections among children. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 43(1):287\u2013294","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"key":"2502_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmh105","volume":"51","author":"IA Abdel-Messih","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abdel-Messih IA, Wierzba TF, Abu-Elyazeed R, Ibrahim AF, Ahmed SF, Kamal K, Sanders J, Frenck R (2005) Diarrhea associated with Cryptosporidium parvum among young children of the Nile River Delta in Egypt. J Trop Pediatr 51:154\u2013159","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"2502_CR39","unstructured":"Hlavsa MC, Watson JC, Beach MJ (2004) Cryptosporidiosis surveillance\u2014United States, 1999\u20132002. In: Surveillance Summaries. MMWR 54(1):1\u20138"},{"issue":"33","key":"2502_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19642","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.33.19642-en","volume":"15","author":"ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network","year":"2010","unstructured":"ANOFEL Cryptosporidium National Network (2010) Laboratory-based surveillance for Cryptosporidium in France, 2006\u20132009. Euro Surveill 15(33):19642","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T18:34:07Z","timestamp":1653244447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2502-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}}}