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Outside the study, the authors report following conflicts of interest.M. Auer has participated in meetings sponsored by and received speaker honoraria or travel funding from Novartis, Biogen, and Merck Serono.G. Bsteh has participated in meetings sponsored by, received speaker honoraria or travel funding from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Genzyme, and Teva Ratiopharm, and received honoraria for acting as consultant for TevaPharmaceuticals Europe.H. Hegen has participated in meetings sponsored by, received speaker honoraria or travel funding from Bayer Schering, Biogen, Merck Serono, and Novartis, and received honoraria for acting as consultant for Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe.F. Di Pauli has received speaking honoraria or travel funding from Biogen-Idec,Roche Austria, and Sanofi-Aventis Austria.S. Wurth has participated in meetings sponsored by, received honoraria or travel funding from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Ratiopharm, Allergan, Ipsen Pharma, and Roche.T. Berger has participated in the last 2\u00a0years in meetings sponsored by and received honoraria (lectures, advisory boards, consultations) from pharmaceutical companies marketing treatments for multiple sclerosis: Almirall, Biogen, Bionorica, Celgene, MedDay, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Aventis\/Genzyme, TG Therapeutics, and TEVA.His institution has received financial support in the last 2\u00a0years by unrestricted research grants (Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi Aventis\/Genzyme, Roche, TEVA) and for participation in clinical trials in multiple sclerosis sponsored by Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi Aventis\/Genzyme, TEVA.F. Deisenhammer has participated in meetings sponsored by or received honoraria for acting as an advisor\/speaker for Bayer Healthcare, Biogen Idec, Genzyme-Sanofi, Merck, Novartis Pharma, and Teva-Ratiopharm. His institution has received financial support for participation in randomized controlled trials of INFb-1b (Betaferon, Bayer Schering Pharma), INFb-1a (Avonex, Biogen Idec; Rebif, Merck Serono), glatiramer acetate (Copaxone, Teva Pharmaceuticals), and Natalizumab (Tysabri, Biogen Idec) in multiple sclerosis. He is section editor of the MSARD Journal (Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"A vote of ethics committee for use of anonymized retrospective data was obtained. All patients included in this study signed an informed consent form.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and informed consent"}}]}}