{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T01:14:35Z","timestamp":1775870075462,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001596","name":"Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EPSPD\/2015\/32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EPSPD\/2015\/32"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T06:35:27Z","timestamp":1528353327000},"page":"1661-1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology using whole-genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Ireland, 2014\u20132016: focus on extended-spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1073-5081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Golparian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Fennelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Mac Aog\u00e1in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Unemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3296_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016) Guidelines for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/rtis\/gonorrhoea-treatment-guidelines\/en\/"},{"key":"3296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143304","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143304","volume":"12","author":"L Newman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Newman L, Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Wijesooriya NS, Unemo M, Low N, Stevens G, Gottlieb S, Kiarie J, Temmerman M (2015) Global estimates of the prevalence and incidence of four curable sexually transmitted infections in 2012 based on systematic review and global reporting. PLoS One 12:e0143304","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3296_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2012) Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae\u2014threat of global rise in untreatable sexually transmitted infections. Department of Reproductive Health and Research. http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/rtis\/who_rhr_11_14\/en\/"},{"key":"3296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199219020-00001","volume":"19","author":"JN Wasserheit","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wasserheit JN (1992) Epidemiological synergy. Interrelationships between human immunodeficiency virus and other sexually transmitted diseases. Sex Transm Dis 19:61\u201377","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Unemo M, Del Rio C, Schafer WM (2016) Antimicrobial resistance expressed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a major global public health problem in the 21st century. Microbiol Spectr 4:EI10-0009-2015","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0009-2015"},{"key":"3296_CR6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic\/antimicrobial resistance biggest threats. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/biggest_threats.html"},{"key":"3296_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/rtis\/9789241503501\/en\/ Accessed 29 Mar 2018"},{"key":"3296_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462412472837","volume":"24","author":"C Bignell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bignell C, Unemo M, European STI Guidelines Editorial Board (2013) 2012 European guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea in adults. Int J STI AIDS 24:85\u201392","journal-title":"Int J STI AIDS"},{"key":"3296_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015 Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines\u2014gonococcal infections in adolescents and adults. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/tg2015\/default.htm . Accessed 29 Mar 2018"},{"key":"3296_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00325-11","volume":"55","author":"M Ohnishi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohnishi M, Golparian D, Shimuta K, Saika T, Hoshina S, Iwasaku K, Nakayama S, Kitawaki J, Unemo M (2011) Is Neisseria gonorrhoeae initiating a future era of untreatable gonorrhoea?: detailed characterization of the first strain with high-level resistance to ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:3538\u20133545","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05760-11","volume":"56","author":"M Unemo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unemo M, Golparian D, Nicholas R, Ohnishi M, Gallay A, Sednaoui P (2012) High-level cefixime- and ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in France: novel penA mosaic allele in a successful international clone causes treatment failure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:1273\u20131280","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks162","volume":"67","author":"J C\u00e1mara","year":"2012","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara J, Serra J, Ayats J, Bastida T, Carnicer-Pont D, Andreu A, Ardanuy C (2012) Molecular characterization of two high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Catalonia, Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:1858\u20131860","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv106","volume":"70","author":"Y Lynagh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynagh Y, Mac Aog\u00e1in M, Walsh A, Rogers TR, Unemo M, Crowley B (2015) Detailed characterization of the first high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae cases in Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother 70:2411\u20132413","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir929","volume":"54","author":"AR Katz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katz AR, Komeya AY, Soge OO, Kiaha MI, Lee MV, Wasserman G, Maningas EV, Whelen AC, Kirkcaldy RD, Shapiro SJ, Bolan GA, Holmes KK (2012) Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin; case report of the first isolate identified in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 54:841\u2013843","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp188","volume":"64","author":"SA Chisholm","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chisholm SA, Neal TJ, Alawattegama AB, Birley HD, Howe RA, Ison CA (2009) Emergence of high-level azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales. J Antimicrob Chemother 64:353\u2013358","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181b61bb1","volume":"36","author":"P Galarza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galarza P, Alcal\u00e1 B, Salceda C, Canigia LF, Buscemi L, Pagano I, Oveido C, V\u00e1zquez JA (2009) Emergence of high level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain isolated in Argentina. Sex Transm Dis 36:787\u2013788","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku490","volume":"70","author":"K Stevens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevens K, Zaia A, Tawil S, Bates J, Hicks V, Whiley D, Limnios A, Lahra MM, Howden BP (2015) Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with high-level resistance to azithromycin in Australia. J Antimicrob Chemother 70:1267\u20131268","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02093-13","volume":"58","author":"M Unemo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Unemo M, Golparian D, Hellmark B (2014) First three Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with high-level resistance to azithromycin in Sweden: a threat to currently available dual-antimicrobial regimens for treatment of gonorrhea? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:624\u2013625","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR19","unstructured":"Harris SR, Cole MJ, Spiteri G (2018) European survey of Neisseria gonorrhoeae using whole genome sequencing identified spread of multidrug-resistant clones and provides a foundation for genomic surveillance\u2014an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2018:in press"},{"key":"3296_CR20","first-page":"e00403","volume":"5","author":"M MacAog\u00e1in","year":"2017","unstructured":"MacAog\u00e1in M, Fennelly N, Walsh, Lynagh Y, Bekaert M, Walsh P, Kelly B, Rogers TR, Crowley B (2017) Fourteen draft genome sequences for the first reported cases of azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Ireland. J Antimicrob Chemother 5:e00403\u2013e00417","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR21","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 7.1 Jan 2017, http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints\/ . Accessed 29 Mar 2018"},{"key":"3296_CR22","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Antimicrobial wild type distributions of microorganisms. Version 5.26. https:\/\/mic.eucast.org\/Eucast2\/ . Accessed 29 May 2018"},{"key":"3296_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196","volume":"43","author":"NJ Croucher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Croucher NJ, Page AJ, Connor TR, Delaney AJ, Keane JA, Bentley SD, Parkhill J, Harris SR (2015) Rapid phylogenetic analysis of large samples of recombinant bacterial whole genome sequences using Gubbins. Nucleic Acids Res 43:e15","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"3296_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","volume":"59","author":"S Guindon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guindon S, Dufayard JF, Lefort V, Anisimova M, Hordijk W, Gascuel O (2010) New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol 59:307\u2013321","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M, Kulikov AS, Lesin VM, Nikolenko SI, Pham S, Prjibelski AD, Pyshkin AV, Sirotkin AV, Vyahhi N, Tesler G, Alekseyev MA, Pevzner PA (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19:455\u2013477","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01310-13","volume":"58","author":"SK Gupta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta SK, Padmanabhan BR, Diene SM, Lopez-Rojas R, Kempf M, Landraud L, Rolain JM (2014) ARG-ANNOT, a new bioinformatic tool to discover antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial genomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:212\u2013220","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-595","volume":"11","author":"KA Jolly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jolly KA, Maiden MC (2010) BIGSdb: scalable analysis of bacterial genome variation at the population level. BMC Bioinformatics 11:595","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215:403\u2013410","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"3296_CR29","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2014) Gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance in Europe. https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/portal\/files\/media\/en\/publications\/Publications\/gonococcal-antimicrobial-susceptibility-surveillance-Europe-2014.pdf"},{"key":"3296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2707-z","volume":"17","author":"MJ Cole","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cole MJ, Spiteri G, Jacobsson S, Woodford N, Tripodo F, Amato-Gauci AJ, Unemo M, EURO-GASP network (2017) Overall low extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance but high azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 24 European countries, 2015. BMC Infect Dis 17:617","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30335","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.36.30335","volume":"21","author":"T Regnath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Regnath T, Mertes T, Ignatius R (2016) Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in South-West Germany, 2014 to 2015: increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline but no resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. Euro Surveill 21:30335","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw131","volume":"71","author":"C Ni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ni C, Xue J, Zhang C, Zhou H, van der Veen S (2016) High prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with high-level resistance to azithromycin in Hanhzhou, China. J Antimicrob Chemother 71:2355\u20132357","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20955","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.45.20955","volume":"19","author":"MJ Cole","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cole MJ, Spiteri G, Chisholm SA, Hoffmann S, Ison CA, Unemo M, Van der Laar M (2014) Emerging cephalosporin and multidrug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe. Euro Surveill 19:20955","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1013-x","volume":"15","author":"MJ Cole","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cole MJ, Spiteri G, Jacobsson S, Pitt R, Grigorjev V, Unemo M, Eur-GASP network (2015) Is the tide turning again for cephalosporin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe? Results from the 2013 European surveillance. BMC Infect Dis 15:321","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02608-13","volume":"58","author":"VG Allen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allen VG, Seah C, Martin I, Melano RG (2014) Azithromycin resistance is coevolving with reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Ontario, Canada. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2528\u20132534","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04337-14","volume":"59","author":"RN Kirkcaldy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirkcaldy RN, Soge O, Papp JR, Hook EW 3rd, del Rio C, Kubin G, Weinstock HS (2015) Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae azithromycin susceptibility in the United States by the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 2015 to 2013. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:998\u20131003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1469-3","volume":"14","author":"JY Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang JY, Cao WL, Li XD, Bi C, Yang RD, Liang YH, Ye XD, Chen XX, Shang XB (2016) Azithromycin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Guangzou, China (2009-2013): coevolution with decreased susceptibilities to ceftriaxone and genetic characteristics. BMC Infect Dis 14:152","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30431","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.1.30431","volume":"22","author":"CM Wind","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wind CM, van der Loeff MF S, van Dam AP, de Vried HJ, van der Helm JJ (2017) Trends in antimicrobial susceptibility for azithromycin and ceftriaxone in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, between 2012 and 2015. Euro Surveill 22:30431","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-106","volume":"14","author":"A Endimiani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Endimiani A, Guilarte YN, Tinguely R, Hirzberger L, Selvini S, Lupo A, Hauser C, Furrer H (2014) Characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates detected in Switzerland (1998\u20132019): emergence of multidrug-resistant clones less susceptible to cephalosporins. BMC Infect Dis 14:106","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-433","volume":"14","author":"A Brunner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brunner A, Nemes-Nikodem E, Mihalik N, Marschalko M, Karpati S, Ostorhazi E (2014) Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from patients attending the national Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference laboratory of Hungary. BMC Infect Dis 14:433","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-570","volume":"13","author":"S Gose","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gose S, Nguyen D, Lowenberg D, Samuel M, Bauer H, Pandori M (2013) Neisseria gonorrhoeae and extended-spectrum cephalosporins in California: surveillance and molecular detection of mosaic penA. BMC Infect Dis 13:570","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv146","volume":"70","author":"H Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee H, Unemo M, Kim HJ, Seo Y, Lee K, Chong Y (2015) Emergence of decreased susceptibility and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother 70:2536\u20132542","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR43","first-page":"1211","volume":"20","author":"D Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen D, Gose S, Castro L, Chung K, Bernstein K, Samuel M, Bauer H, Pandori M (2014) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with reduced susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1211\u20131213","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6962","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01568-16","volume":"60","author":"C Curraize de","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Curraize C, Kumanski S, Mica\u00eblo M, Fournet N, La Ruche G, Meunier F, Amarsy R, Jacquier H, Cambau E, Goubard A, Bercot B (2016) Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates (2010-2014) in France characterized using whole genome sequencing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 60:6962\u20136964","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1110-x","volume":"15","author":"K Shimuta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shimuta K, Watanabe Y, Nakayama S, Morita-Ishihara T, Dorin M, Kawahata T, Ohnishi M (2013) Emergence and evolution of internationally disseminated cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae clones from 1995-2005 in Japan. BMC Infect Dis 15:378","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.176575","volume":"309","author":"VG Allen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allen VG, Mitterni L, Seah C, Rebbapragada A, Martin L, Lee C, Siebert H, Towns L, Melano RG, Lowe DE (2013) Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failure and susceptibility to cefixime in Toronto, Canada. JAMA 309:163\u2013170","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3296_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20862","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.30.20862","volume":"19","author":"D Golparian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golparian D, Ohlsson A, Janson H, Lidbrink P, Ekelund O, Fredlund H, Unemo M (2014) Four treatment failures of pharyngeal gonorrhoea with ceftriaxone (500 mg) of cefotaxime (500 mg), Sweden, 2013 and 2014. Euro Surveill 19:20862","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt034","volume":"68","author":"D Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis D, Sriruttan C, M\u00fcller EE, Golparian D, Gumede L, Dick D, de Wer J, Maseko V, Coetzee J, Unemo M (2013) Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of the first two cases of extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in South Africa and association with cefixime treatment failure. J Antimicrob Chemother 68:1267\u20131270","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR49","first-page":"19792","volume":"16","author":"M Unemo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unemo M, Golparian D, Hestner A (2011) Ceftriaxone treatment failure of pharyngeal gonorrhoea verified by international recommendations, Sweden, July 2010. Euro Surveill 16:19792","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR50","first-page":"20200","volume":"21","author":"M Unemo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Unemo M, Golparian D, Poto\u010dnik M, Jeverica S (2012) Treatment failure of pharyngeal gonorrhoea with internationally recommended first-line ceftriaxone verified in Slovenia, September 2011. Euro Surveill 21:20200","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"3296_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2014-051552","volume":"90","author":"AP Dam van","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Dam AP, van Ogtrop ML, Golparian D, Mehrtens J, de Vries HJC, Unemo M (2014) Verified clinical failure with cefotaxime 1g for treatment of gonorrhoea in the Netherlands: a case report. Sex Transm Infect 90:513\u2013514","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"3296_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1512757","volume":"374","author":"H Fifer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fifer H, Natarajan U, Jones L, Alexander S, Hughes G, Golparian D, Unemo M (2016) Failure of dual antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of gonorrhoea. N Engl J Med 374:2504\u20132506","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3296_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku245","volume":"69","author":"SC Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen SC, Yin YP, Dai XQ, Unemo M, Chen XS (2014) Antimicrobial resistance, genetic resistance determinants for ceftriaxone and molecular epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Nanjing, China. J Antimicrob Chemother 69:2959\u20132965","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0622-0","volume":"14","author":"S Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li S, Su XH, Le WJ, Jiang FX, Wang BX, Rice PA (2014) Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from symptomatic men attending the Nanjing sexually transmitted diseases clinic (2011\u20132012): genetic characteristics of isolates with reduced sensitivity to ceftriaxone. BMC Infect Dis 14:622","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.045377","volume":"86","author":"G Golparian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Golparian G, Hellmark B, Fredlund H, Unemo M (2010) Emergence and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with in vitro decreased susceptibility and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Sweden. Sex Transm Infect 86:454\u2013460","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"3296_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03195-15","volume":"54","author":"W Demczuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Demczuk W, Martina I, Peterson S, Bharat A, Van Domselaar G, Graham M, Lefebvre B, Allen V, Hoang L, Tyrrell G, Horsman G, Wylie J, Haldane D, Archibald C, Wong T, Unemo M, Mulvey MR (2016) Genomic epidemiology and molecular resistance mechanisms of azithromycin resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada from 1997 to 2014. J Clin Microbiol 54:1304\u20131313","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3296_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw279","volume":"71","author":"S Jacobsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacobsson S, Golparian D, Cole M, Spiteri G, Martin I, Bergheim T, Borrego MJ, Crowley B, Crucitti T, Van Dam AP, Hoffman S, Jeverica S, Kohl P, M\u0142ynarczyk-Bonikowska B, Pakarna G, Start A, Stefanelli P, Pavlik P, Tzelpi E, Abad R, Harris SR, Unemo M (2016) WGS analysis and molecular resistance mechanisms of azithromycin-resistant (MIC >2 mg\/L) Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Europe from 2009 to 2014. J Antimicrob Chemother 71:3109\u20131336","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30122-1","volume":"18","author":"H Feifer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feifer H, Cole M, Hughes G, Padfield S, Smolarchuk C, Woodford N, Wensley A, Mustafa N, Schaefer U, Myers R, Templeton K, Sheperd J, Underwood A (2018) Sustained transmission of high-level azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 18:573\u2013581","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000265","volume":"42","author":"SO Gose","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gose SO, Soge OO, Beebe JL, Nguyen D, Stoltey JE, Bauer HM (2015) Failure of azithromycin 2.0 g in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis caused by high-level resistance in California. Sex Transm Dis 42:279\u2013280","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30007-5","volume":"17","author":"MM Lahra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lahra MM, Ward A, Trembizki E, Hermanson J, Clement E, Lawrence A, Whilet D (2017) Treatment guidelines after an outbreak of azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in South Australia. Lancet Infect Dis 17:133\u2013134","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04320-14","volume":"59","author":"K Shigemura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shigemura K, Osawa K, Miura M, Tanaka K, Arakawa S, Shirakawa T, Fujisawa M (2015) Azithromycin resistance and its mechanism in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains in Hyogo, Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:2695\u20132699","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3296_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix249","volume":"65","author":"CM Wind","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wind CM, de Vries E, Schim van der Loeff MF, van Rooijen MS, van Dam AP, Demczuk WH, Martin I, de Vried HJ (2017) Decreased azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in patients recently treated with azithromycin. Clin Infect Dis 65:37\u201345","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3296_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw420","volume":"15","author":"YH Grad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grad YH, Harris SR, Kirkcaldy RD, Green AG, Marks DS, Bentley SD, Trees D, Lipsitch M (2016) Genomic epidemiology of gonococcal resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones in the US, 2000-2013. J Infect Dis 15:1579\u20131587","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T04:50:04Z","timestamp":1661403004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3296-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was granted by the Tallaght University Hospital\/St. James\u2019s Hospital Joint Research Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}