{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T21:15:53Z","timestamp":1773263753769,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Insmed"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T17:58:55Z","timestamp":1530122335000},"page":"1795-1803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease managed within UK primary care, 2006\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9494-2389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleanor L.","family":"Axson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe I.","family":"Bloom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Quint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3315_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","volume":"175","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith DE, Aksamit T, Brown-Elliott BA, Catanzaro A, Daley C, Gordin F, Holland SM, Horsburgh R, Huitt G, Iademarco MF, Iseman M, Olivier K, Ruoss S, von Reyn CF, Wallace RJ Jr, Winthrop K, Subcommittee ATSMD, American Thoracic S, Infectious Disease Society of A (2007) An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175(4):367\u2013416. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"3315_CR2","unstructured":"Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, Fisher AJ, Gorsuch T, Laurenson IF, Leitch A, Loebinger MR, Milburn HJ, Nightingale M, Ormerod P, Shingadia D, Smith S, Whitehead N, Wilson R, Floto RA, BTS NTM Guideline Development Group on behalf of the British Thoracic Society (2017) British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Thorax 72(Supplement 2):ii1\u2013ii64"},{"key":"3315_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-612","volume":"10","author":"J Moore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moore J, Kruijshaar M, Ormerod LP, Drobniewski F, Abubakar I (2010) Increasing reports of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1995\u20132006. BMC Public Health 10:612","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"3315_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1377288","volume":"68","author":"S Vesenbeckh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vesenbeckh S, Wagner S, Mauch H, Roth A, Streubel A, Russmann H, Bauer TT, Matthiessen W, Schonfeld N (2014) Pathogenitat von mycobacterium kansasii (pathogenicity of mycobacterium kansasii). Pneumologie 68(8):526\u2013531. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1377288","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.02.002","volume":"33","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Griffith DE, Aksamit TR (2012) Bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Clin Chest Med 33(2):283\u2013295. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccm.2012.02.002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3315_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00114004","volume":"23","author":"MT Henry","year":"2004","unstructured":"Henry MT, Inamdar L, O'Riordain D, Schweiger M, Watson JP (2004) Nontuberculous mycobacteria in non-HIV patients: epidemiology, treatment and response. Eur Respir J 23(5):741\u2013746. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.04.00114004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3315_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-010-9241-8","volume":"188","author":"TK Marras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marras TK, Mehta M, Chedore P, May K, Al Houqani M, Jamieson F (2010) Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung infections in Ontario, Canada: clinical and microbiological characteristics. Lung 188(4):289\u2013299. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00408-010-9241-8","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"12","key":"3315_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.046631","volume":"60","author":"M Wickremasinghe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wickremasinghe M, Ozerovitch LJ, Davies G, Wodehouse T, Chadwick MV, Abdallah S, Shah P, Wilson R (2005) Non-tuberculous mycobacteria in patients with bronchiectasis. Thorax 60(12):1045\u20131051. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2005.046631","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-0089","volume":"141","author":"M Al-Houqani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Al-Houqani M, Jamieson F, Mehta M, Chedore P, May K, Marras TK (2012) Aging, COPD, and other risk factors do not explain the increased prevalence of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex in Ontario. Chest 141(1):190\u2013197. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.11-0089","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.08.002","volume":"14","author":"T Qvist","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qvist T, Gilljam M, Jonsson B, Taylor-Robinson D, Jensen-Fangel S, Wang M, Svahn A, Kotz K, Hansson L, Hollsing A, Hansen CR, Finstad PL, Pressler T, Hoiby N, Katzenstein TL, Scandinavian Cystic Fibrosis Study C (2015) Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria among patients with cystic fibrosis in Scandinavia. J Cyst Fibros 14(1):46\u201352. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcf.2014.08.002","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151642","volume":"22","author":"FC Ringshausen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ringshausen FC, Wagner D, de Roux A, Diel R, Hohmann D, Hickstein L, Welte T, Rademacher J (2016) Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, Germany, 2009\u20132014. Emerg Infect Dis 22(6):1102\u20131105. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2206.151642","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3315_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.55.suppl_1.S28","volume":"55","author":"I Campbell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Campbell I, Drobniewski F, Novelli V, Ormerod P, Pozniak A, Society SotJTCotBT (2000) Management of opportunist mycobacterial infections: Joint Tuberculosis Committee guidelines 1999. Thorax 55:210\u2013218","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3315_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.10.001","volume":"120","author":"TM Rawson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rawson TM, Abbara A, Kranzer K, Ritchie A, Milburn J, Brown T, Adeboyeku D, Buckley J, Davidson RN, Berry M, Kon OM, John L (2016) Factors which influence treatment initiation for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection in HIV negative patients; a multicentre observational study. Respir Med 120:101\u2013108. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.10.001","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098","volume":"44","author":"E Herrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herrett E, Gallagher AM, Bhaskaran K, Forbes H, Mathur R, van Staa T, Smeeth L (2015) Data resource profile: clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol 44(3):827\u2013836. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyv098","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001847","volume":"21","author":"AR Tate","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tate AR, Beloff N, Al-Radwan B, Wickson J, Puri S, Williams T, Van Staa T, Bleach A (2014) Exploiting the potential of large databases of electronic health records for research using rapid search algorithms and an intuitive query interface. J Am Med Inform Assoc 21(2):292\u2013298. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001847","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"3315_CR16","unstructured":"The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). \n                    www.cprd.com"},{"issue":"8","key":"3315_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017474","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017474","volume":"7","author":"F Nissen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nissen F, Morales DR, Mullerova H, Smeeth L, Douglas IJ, Quint JK (2017) Validation of asthma recording in the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). BMJ Open 7(8):e017474. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017474","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"3315_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005540","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005540","volume":"4","author":"JK Quint","year":"2014","unstructured":"Quint JK, Mullerova H, DiSantostefano RL, Forbes H, Eaton S, Hurst JR, Davis K, Smeeth L (2014) Validation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recording in the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD-GOLD). BMJ Open 4(7):e005540. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-005540","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3315_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06931-4","volume":"7","author":"TS Hermansen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hermansen TS, Ravn P, Svensson E, Lillebaek T (2017) Nontuberculous mycobacteria in Denmark, incidence and clinical importance during the last quarter-century. Sci Rep 7(1):6696. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06931-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3315_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1521-3","volume":"16","author":"NM Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah NM, Davidson JA, Anderson LF, Lalor MK, Kim J, Thomas HL, Lipman M, Abubakar I (2016) Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the main driver of the rise in non-tuberculous mycobacteria incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 2007\u20132012. BMC Infect Dis 16:195. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1521-3","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.110957","volume":"64","author":"J Ingen van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Ingen J, Bendien SA, de Lange WC, Hoefsloot W, Dekhuijzen PN, Boeree MJ, van Soolingen D (2009) Clinical relevance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the Nijmegen-Arnhem region, The Netherlands. Thorax 64(6):502\u2013506. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2008.110957","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3315_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van Ingen J, Wagner D, Gallagher J, Morimoto K, Lange C, Haworth CS, Floto RA, Adjemian J, Prevots DR, Griffith DE, Ntm NET (2017) Poor adherence to management guidelines in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases. Eur Respir J 49(2). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01855-2016","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01855-2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.005","volume":"150","author":"HY Park","year":"2016","unstructured":"Park HY, Jeong BH, Chon HR, Jeon K, Daley CL, Koh WJ (2016) Lung function decline according to clinical course in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Chest 150(6):1222\u20131232. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2016.06.005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"3315_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diel R, Jacob J, Lampenius N, Loebinger M, Nienhaus A, Rabe KF, Ringshausen FC (2017) Burden of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Germany. Eur Respir J 49(4). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02109-2016","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02109-2016"},{"key":"3315_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Welte T, Loebinger MR (2016) Current perspectives in the diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Eur Respir Pulmon Dis 02(02). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17925\/erpd.2016.02.02.54","DOI":"10.17925\/erpd.2016.02.02.54"},{"issue":"8","key":"3315_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2016OC","volume":"185","author":"J Adjemian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adjemian J, Olivier KN, Seitz AE, Holland SM, Prevots DR (2012) Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185(8):881\u2013886. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201111-2016OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3315_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201605-353OC","volume":"13","author":"MJ Donohue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donohue MJ, Wymer L (2016) Increasing prevalence rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in five states, 2008\u20132013. Ann Am Thorac Soc 13(12):2143\u20132150. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201605-353OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3315_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201412-559OC","volume":"12","author":"E Henkle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henkle E, Hedberg K, Schafer S, Novosad S, Winthrop KL (2015) Population-based incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in Oregon 2007 to 2012. Ann Am Thorac Soc 12(5):642\u2013647. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201412-559OC","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"3315_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e65","volume":"33","author":"RE Ko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko RE, Moon SM, Ahn S, Jhun BW, Jeon K, Kwon OJ, Huh HJ, Ki CS, Lee NY, Koh WJ (2018) Changing epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases in a tertiary referral hospital in Korea between 2001 and 2015. J Korean Med Sci 33(8):e65. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e65","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.151086","volume":"22","author":"H Namkoong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Namkoong H, Kurashima A, Morimoto K, Hoshino Y, Hasegawa N, Ato M, Mitarai S (2016) Epidemiology of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, Japan(1). Emerg Infect Dis 22(6):1116\u20131117. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2206.151086","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3315_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0002","volume":"21","author":"MJ Oliveira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oliveira MJ, Gaio AR, Gomes M, Goncalves A, Duarte R (2017) Mycobacterium avium infection in Portugal. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 21(2):218\u2013222. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.16.0002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"3315_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1380-y","volume":"16","author":"L Rindi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rindi L, Garzelli C (2016) Increase in non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from humans in Tuscany, Italy, from 2004 to 2014. BMC Infect Dis 16:44. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-016-1380-y","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3315_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204260","volume":"69","author":"CD Russell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Russell CD, Claxton P, Doig C, Seagar AL, Rayner A, Laurenson IF (2014) Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a retrospective review of Scottish isolates from 2000 to 2010. Thorax 69(6):593\u2013595. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204260","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.12.007","volume":"72","author":"S Cowman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cowman S, Burns K, Benson S, Wilson R, Loebinger MR (2016) The antimicrobial susceptibility of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. J Inf Secur 72(3):324\u2013331. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.12.007","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"key":"3315_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haworth CS, Banks J, Capstick T, Fisher AJ, Gorsuch T, Laurenson IF, Leitch A, Loebinger MR, Milburn HJ, Nightingale M, Ormerod P, Shingadia D, Smith D, Whitehead N, Wilson R, Floto RA (2017) British Thoracic Society Guideline for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). BMJ Open Respir Res 4(1). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000242","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjresp-2017-000242"},{"issue":"3","key":"3315_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201772","volume":"68","author":"C Andrejak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrejak C, Nielsen R, Thomsen VO, Duhaut P, Sorensen HT, Thomsen RW (2013) Chronic respiratory disease, inhaled corticosteroids and risk of non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis. Thorax 68(3):256\u2013262. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201772","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"3315_CR37","unstructured":"NICE (2009) Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management. \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg79"},{"key":"3315_CR38","unstructured":"NICE (2008) Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg61\n                    \n                  . Accessed Feb 2018"},{"key":"3315_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00092101","volume":"18","author":"M Sol\u00e8r","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sol\u00e8r M, Matz J, Townley R, Buhl R, O'Brien J, Fox H, Thirlwell J, Gupta N, Della Cioppa G (2001) The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics. Eur Respir J 18:254\u2013261","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"3315_CR40","unstructured":"NICE (2017) Mepolizumab for treating severe refractory eosinophilic asthma. \n                    https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta431\n                    \n                  . Accessed Feb 2018"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1561576713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3315-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Miss Axson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bloom has nothing to disclose. Dr. Quint reports grants and personal fees from Insmed, during the conduct of the study; grants from MRC, grants from Wellcome Trust, grants from British Lung Foundation, grants and personal fees from GSK, grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants from Royal College of Physicians, personal fees from Chiesi, personal fees from Teva, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The protocol for this research was approved by the Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) for MHRA Database Research (protocol number 17_113R) and the approved protocol was made available to the journal and reviewers during peer review. Following initial approval, an amendment was also submitted to ISAC and approved (protocol 17_113RA), expanding the analysis to more respiratory diseases. Generic ethical approval for observational research using the CPRD with approval from ISAC has been granted by a Health Research Authority (HRA) Research Ethics Committee (East Midlands \u2013 Derby, REC reference number 05\/MRE04\/87).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No patients were involved in the design or analyses for this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}