{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:12:10Z","timestamp":1791461530668,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001731","name":"Danida Fellowship Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFC No. 12-007DTU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFC No. 12-007DTU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T06:44:06Z","timestamp":1532069046000},"page":"1901-1914","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Molecular epidemiology of virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae from hospitalised patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5279-5421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tolbert","family":"Sonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Happiness","family":"Kumburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"van Zwetselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Alifrangis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blandina T.","family":"Mmbaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gibson S.","family":"Kibiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank M.","family":"Aarestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"3324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-27","volume":"39","author":"A Christopher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Christopher A, Mshana SE, Kidenya BR, Hokororo A, Morona D (2013) Bacteremia and resistant gram-negative pathogens among under-fives in Tanzania. Ital J Pediatr 39:1\u20138","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"3324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145632","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145632","volume":"10","author":"A Onken","year":"2015","unstructured":"Onken A, Said AK, J\u00f8rstad M, Jenum PA, Blomberg B (2015) Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of microbes causing bloodstream infections in unguja, Zanzibar. PLoS One 10:e0145632. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0145632","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.1517","volume":"6","author":"B Pourakbari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pourakbari B, Sadr A, Ashtiani MTH, Mamishi S, Dehghani M, Mahmoudi S et al (2012) Five-year evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing bloodstream infections in Iran. J Infect Dev Ctries 6:120\u2013125","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"3324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-2994-3-25","volume":"3","author":"FJ Mpogoro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mpogoro FJ, Mshana SE, Mirambo MM, Kidenya BR, Gumodoka B, Imirzalioglu C (2014) Incidence and predictors of surgical site infections following caesarean sections at Bugando medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 3:25. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2047-2994-3-25","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3324_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0117-4","volume":"5","author":"T Sonda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonda T, Kumburu H, van Zwetselaar M, Alifrangis M, Lund O, Kibiki G et al (2016) Meta-analysis of proportion estimates of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in East Africa hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 5:1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-016-0117-4","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3324_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-466","volume":"13","author":"SE Mshana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mshana SE, Hain T, Domann E, Lyamuya EF, Chakraborty T, Imirzalioglu C (2013) Predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST14 carrying CTX-M-15 causing neonatal sepsis in Tanzania. BMC Infect Dis 13:466. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-466","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1086\/649865","volume":"50","author":"M Souli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Souli M, Galani I, Antoniadou A, Papadomichelakis E, Poulakou G, Panagea T et al (2010) An outbreak of infection due to \u03b2-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase 2\u2013Producing K. Pneumoniae in a Greek University hospital: molecular characterization, epidemiology, and outcomes. Clin Infect Dis 50:364\u2013373. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/649865","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70190-7","volume":"13","author":"LS Munoz-Price","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munoz-Price LS, Poirel L, Bonomo RA, Schwaber MJ, Daikos GL, Cormican M et al (2013) Clinical epidemiology of the global expansion of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases. Lancet Infect Dis 13:785\u2013796. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70190-7","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-015-0151-5","volume":"41","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Moremi N, Mirambo MM, Hokororo A, Mushi MF, Seni J et al (2015) Multi-resistant gram negative enteric bacteria causing urinary tract infection among malnourished underfives admitted at a tertiary hospital, northwestern, Tanzania. Ital J Pediatr 41:44. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-015-0151-5","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"3324_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05114-11","volume":"79","author":"MA Bachman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bachman MA, Oyler JE, Burns SH, Caza M, L\u00e9pine F, Dozois CM et al (2011) Klebsiella pneumoniae yersiniabactin promotes respiratory tract infection through evasion of lipocalin 2. Infect Immun 79:3309\u20133316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.05114-11","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3324_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00103","volume":"7","author":"M-C Lu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lu M-C, Chen Y-T, Chiang M-K, Wang Y-C, Hsiao P-Y, Huang Y-J et al (2017) Colibactin contributes to the hypervirulence of pks+ K1 CC23 Klebsiella pneumoniae in Mouse Meningitis Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 7:103. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00103","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"3324_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00430-15","volume":"83","author":"TA Russo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Russo TA, Olson R, MacDonald U, Beanan J, Davidson BA (2015) Aerobactin, but not yersiniabactin, salmochelin, or enterobactin, enables the growth\/survival of hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae ex vivo and in vivo. Infect Immun 83:3325\u20133333. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.00430-15","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"3324_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1396-6","volume":"31","author":"DK Pomakova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pomakova DK, Hsiao CB, Beanan JM, Olson R, MacDonald U, Keynan Y et al (2012) Clinical and phenotypic differences between classic and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia: An emerging and under-recognized pathogenic variant. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:981\u2013989. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-011-1396-6","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.22718","volume":"4","author":"AS Shon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shon AS, Bajwa RPS, Russo TA (2013) Hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae: A new and dangerous breed. Virulence 4:107\u2013118. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/viru.22718","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"3324_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46964-0","volume":"56","author":"JF Turton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turton JF, Englender H, Gabriel SN, Turton SE, Kaufmann ME, Pitt TL (2007) Genetically similar isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype K1 causing liver abscesses in three continents. J Med Microbiol 56:593\u2013597. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.46964-0","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"3324_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.04.007","volume":"55","author":"M Melzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Melzer M, Petersen I (2007) Mortality following bacteraemic infection caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli compared to non-ESBL producing E. coli. J Infect 55:254\u2013259. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.04.007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"3324_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.08.011","volume":"98","author":"DB Price","year":"2004","unstructured":"Price DB, Honeybourne D, Little P, Mayon-White RT, Read RC, Thomas M et al (2004) Community-acquired pneumonia mortality: a potential link to antibiotic prescribing trends in general practice. Respir Med 98:17\u201324. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2003.08.011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"3324_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-43","volume":"7","author":"B Blomberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blomberg B, Manji KP, Urassa WK, Tamim BS, Mwakagile DSM, Jureen R et al (2007) Antimicrobial resistance predicts death in Tanzanian children with bloodstream infections\u00a0: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 7:1\u201314. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-7-43","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.04.002","volume":"10","author":"AR Marra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marra AR, Pereira CAP, Castelo A, Do Carmo Filho JR, Cal RGR, Sader HS et al (2006) Health and economic outcomes of the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae-produced extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) in a hospital with high prevalence of this infection. Int J Infect Dis 10:56\u201360. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.04.002","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1185\/03007991003769068","volume":"26","author":"B Hu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hu B, Ye H, Xu Y, Ni Y, Hu Y, Yu Y et al (2010) Clinical and economic outcomes associated with community-acquired intra-abdominal infections caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in China. Curr Med Res Opin 26:1443\u20131449. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/03007991003769068","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"3324_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.08.012","volume":"71","author":"E Esteve-Palau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Esteve-Palau E, Solande G, S\u00e1nchez F, Sorl\u00ed L, Montero M, G\u00fcerri R et al (2015) Clinical and economic impact of urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli requiring hospitalization: a matched cohort study. J Infect 71:667\u2013674. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.08.012","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"3324_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5873","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01019-15","volume":"59","author":"JDD Pitout","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pitout JDD, Nordmann P, Poirel L (2015) Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, a key pathogen set for global nosocomial dominance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 59:5873\u20135884. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01019-15","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3324_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"u206491.w3570","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjquality.u206491.w3570","volume":"5","author":"JM Yeo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yeo JM (2016) Antimicrobial stewardship: improving antibiotic prescribing practice in a respiratory ward. BMJ Qual Improv Rep 5:u206491.w3570. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjquality.u206491.w3570","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Improv Rep"},{"key":"3324_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1086\/375818","volume":"37","author":"C Bantar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bantar C, Sartori B, Vesco E, Heft C, Sa\u00fal M, Salamone F et al (2003) A hospitalwide intervention program to optimize the quality of antibiotic use: impact on prescribing practice, antibiotic consumption, cost savings, and bacterial resistance. Clin Infect Dis 37:180\u2013186. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/375818","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1071\/HI13019","volume":"18","author":"R Hardy-Holbrook","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hardy-Holbrook R, Aristidi S, Chandnani V, Dewindt D, Dinh K (2013) Antibiotic resistance and prescribing in Australia: current attitudes and practice of GPs. Healthc Infect 18:147\u2013151. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/HI13019","journal-title":"Healthc Infect"},{"key":"3324_CR26","first-page":"103","volume":"12","author":"JJ Gwimile","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gwimile JJ, Shekalaghe SA, Kapanda GN, Kisanga ER (2012) Antibiotic prescribing practice in management of cough and\/or diarrhoea in Moshi municipality, Northern Tanzania: cross-sectional descriptive study. Pan Afr Med J 12:103","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"3324_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55495","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055495","volume":"8","author":"K Thriemer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thriemer K, Katuala Y, Batoko B, Alworonga J-P, Devlieger H, Van Geet C et al (2013) Antibiotic prescribing in DR Congo: a knowledge, attitude and practice survey among medical doctors and students. PLoS One 8:e55495. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0055495","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.02.016","volume":"44","author":"YM Ah","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ah YM, Kim AJ, Lee JY (2014) Colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Antimicrob Agents 44:8\u201315. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.02.016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"3324_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp413","volume":"65","author":"J Boogaard van den","year":"2009","unstructured":"van den Boogaard J, Semvua HH, Boeree MJ, Aarnoutse RE, Kibiki GS (2009) Sale of fluoroquinolones in northern Tanzania: a potential threat for fluoroquinolone use in tuberculosis treatment. J Antimicrob Chemother 65:145\u2013147. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkp413","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3324_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.28","volume":"37","author":"T Sonda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sonda T, Kumburu H, van Zwetselaar M, Ahrenfeldt J, Alifrangis M, Lund O et al (2016) Benchtop whole-genome sequencing for identification of nosocomial outbreaks in Tanzania. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 37:622\u2013623. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ice.2016.28","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3324_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-018-1603-5","volume":"12","author":"M Zwetselaar van","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Zwetselaar M, Nyombi B, Sonda T, Kumburu H, Chamba N, Dekker MCJ et al (2018) Aeromonas caviae mimicking Vibrio cholerae infectious enteropathy in a cholera-endemic region with possible public health consequences: two case reports. J Med Case Rep 12:71. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13256-018-1603-5","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"3324_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12836","volume":"22","author":"HH Kumburu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumburu HH, Sonda T, Mmbaga BT, Alifrangis M, Lund O, Kibiki G et al (2017) Patterns of infections, aetiological agents and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care hospital in northern Tanzania. Tropical Med Int Health 22:454\u2013464. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12836","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"key":"3324_CR33","unstructured":"Illumina\u00ae. Nextera\u00ae XT library prep reference guide [Internet]. Document #15031942 v01 2016;1\u201328. doi: \n                    http:\/\/support.illumina.com\/downloads\/nextera_xt_sample_preparation_guide_15031942.html"},{"key":"3324_CR34","unstructured":"Andrews S, FastQC A (2018) Quality control tool for high throughput sequence data"},{"key":"3324_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","volume":"19","author":"A Bankevich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M, Kulikov AS et al (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19:455\u2013477. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","journal-title":"J Comput Biol"},{"key":"3324_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","volume":"29","author":"A Gurevich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gurevich A, Saveliev V, Vyahhi N, Tesler G (2013) QUAST: quality assessment tool for genome assemblies. Bioinformatics 29:1072\u20131075. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"3324_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2640","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks261","volume":"67","author":"E Zankari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zankari E, Hasman H, Cosentino S, Vestergaard M, Rasmussen S, Lund O et al (2012) Identification of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:2640\u20132644. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dks261","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3324_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06094-11","volume":"50","author":"MV Larsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larsen MV, Cosentino S, Rasmussen S, Friis C, Hasman H, Marvig RL et al (2012) Multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 50:1355\u20131361. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.06094-11","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3324_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3895","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","volume":"58","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carattoli A, Zankari E, Garci\u00e1-Fern\u00e1ndez A, Larsen MV, Lund O, Villa L et al (2014) In silico detection and typing of plasmids using plasmidfinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:3895\u20133903. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.02412-14","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3324_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03617-13","volume":"52","author":"KG Joensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joensen KG, Scheutz F, Lund O, Hasman H, Kaas RS, Nielsen EM et al (2014) Real-time whole-genome sequencing for routine typing, surveillance, and outbreak detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 52:1501\u20131510. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.03617-13","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"3324_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104984","volume":"9","author":"RS Kaas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaas RS, Leekitcharoenphon P, Aarestrup FM, Lund O (2014) Solving the problem of comparing whole bacterial genomes across different sequencing platforms. PLoS One 9:e104984. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0104984","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101212","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101212","volume":"9","author":"D Souverein","year":"2014","unstructured":"Souverein D, Boers SA, Veenendaal D, Euser SM, Kluytmans J, Den Boer JW (2014) Polyclonal spread and outbreaks with ESBL positive gentamicin resistant Klebsiella spp. in the region Kennemerland, the Netherlands. PLoS One 9:e101212. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101212","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116516","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116516","volume":"10","author":"IH L\u00f6hr","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f6hr IH, H\u00fclter N, Bernhoff E, Johnsen PJ, Sundsfjord A, Naseer U (2015) Persistence of a pKPN3-like CTX-M-15-encoding IncFIIK plasmid in a Klebsiella pneumonia ST17 host during two years of intestinal colonization. PLoS One 10:e0116516. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0116516","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20840","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20840","volume":"6","author":"K Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou K, Lokate M, Deurenberg RH, Tepper M, Arends JP, Raangs EGC et al (2016) Use of whole-genome sequencing to trace, control and characterize the regional expansion of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 6:20840. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep20840","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3324_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148ra116","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004129","volume":"4","author":"ES Snitkin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snitkin ES, Zelazny AM, Thomas PJ, Stock F, Henderson DK, Palmore TN et al (2012) Tracking a hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with whole-genome sequencing. Sci Transl Med 4:148ra116\u2013148ra116. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004129","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"3324_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00322","volume":"9","author":"L Becker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Becker L, Fuchs S, Pfeifer Y, Semmler T, Eckmanns T, Korr G et al (2018) Whole genome sequence analysis of CTX-M-15 producing klebsiella isolates allowed dissecting a polyclonal outbreak scenario. Front Microbiol 9:322. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00322","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"3324_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178880","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178880","volume":"12","author":"CR Taitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taitt CR, Leski TA, Erwin DP, Odundo EA, Kipkemoi NC, Ndonye JN et al (2017) Antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae stool isolates circulating in Kenya. PLoS One 12:e0178880. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178880","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3324_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024","volume":"11","author":"MG Tellevik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tellevik MG, Blomberg B, Kommedal \u00d8, Maselle SY, Langeland N, Moyo SJ (2016) High prevalence of faecal carriage of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae among children in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. PLoS ONE 11:e0168024. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3324_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0361-x","volume":"7","author":"T Sonda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sonda T, Kumburu H, van Zwetselaar M, Alifrangis M, Mmbaga BT, Aarestrup FM et al (2018) Whole genome sequencing reveals high clonal diversity of Escherichia coli isolated from patients in a tertiary care hospital in Moshi, Tanzania. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 7:72. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-018-0361-x","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"3324_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.11.019","volume":"98","author":"G Mento Di","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Mento G, Cuscino N, Carcione C, Cardinale F, Conaldi PG, Douradinha B (2017) Emergence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae ST392 clone harbouring KPC-3 in an Italian transplantation hospital. J Hosp Infect 98:313\u2013314. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.11.019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"3324_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268816002442","volume":"145","author":"D Vubil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vubil D, Figueiredo R, Reis T, Canha C, Boaventura L, Da Silva GJ (2017) Outbreak of KPC-3-producing ST15 and ST348 Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Portuguese hospital. Epidemiol Infect 145:595\u2013599. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268816002442","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"3324_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.005","volume":"36","author":"A Coelho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coelho A, Gonz\u00e1lez-L\u00f3pez JJ, Mir\u00f3 E, Alonso-Tarr\u00e9s C, Mirelis B, Larrosa MN et al (2010) Characterisation of the CTX-M-15-encoding gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from the Barcelona metropolitan area: plasmid diversity and chromosomal integration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 36:73\u201378. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.005","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"3324_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168160","volume":"11","author":"BP Madoshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Madoshi BP, Kudirkiene E, Mtambo MMA, Muhairwa AP, Lupindu AM, Olsen JE (2016) Characterisation of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy cattle and their attendants in Tanzania. PLoS ONE 11:e0168160. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168160","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3324_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501049112","volume":"112","author":"KE Holt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holt KE, Wertheim H, Zadoks RN, Baker S, Whitehouse CA, Dance D et al (2015) Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:E3574\u2013E3581. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1501049112","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"3324_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3160-z","volume":"37","author":"J Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li J, Ren J, Wang W, Wang G, Gu G, Wu X et al (2017) Risk factors and clinical outcomes of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae induced bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 37:679\u2013689. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-017-3160-z","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140206","volume":"20","author":"S Bialek-Davenet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bialek-Davenet S, Criscuolo A, Ailloud F, Passet V, Jones L, Delannoy-Vieillard AS et al (2014) Genomic definition of hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae clonal groups. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1812\u20131820. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2011.140206","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"3324_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnu026","volume":"362","author":"V Ball\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ball\u00e9n V, S\u00e1ez E, Benmessaoud R, Houssain T, Alami H, Barkat A et al (2015) First report of a Klebsiella pneumoniae ST466 strain causing neonatal sepsis harbouring the blaCTX-M-15gene in Rabat, Morocco. FEMS Microbiol Lett 362:1\u20134. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnu026","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]],"date-time":"2019-09-22T13:38:51Z","timestamp":1569159531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3324-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"This study was granted ethical approval by the KCMUCo Research Ethics Committee and the National Institute for Medical Research with approval numbers 893 and NIMR\/HQ\/R.8a\/Vol.IX\/2080, respectively. A written informed consent was obtained from each participant or from parents or guardians of children before enrolment into the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and participant\u2019s consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Genome assemblies have been submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive with project accession number PRJEB26616. Other data are available on request to the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Materials"}}]}}