{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:21:00Z","timestamp":1792981260249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81471419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81471419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010229","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16JCYBJC26400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16JCYBJC26400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]],"date-time":"2018-11-22T06:33:41Z","timestamp":1542868421000},"page":"233-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Aerobic vaginitis in late pregnancy and outcomes of pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Cha","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingmei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9694-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengxia","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3416_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1086\/318710","volume":"32","author":"B Larsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Larsen B, Monif GR (2001) Understanding the bacterial flora of the female genital tract. Clin Infect Dis 32(4):e69\u2013e77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/318710","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.00432.x","volume":"109","author":"GG Donders","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donders GG, Vereecken A, Bosmans E, Dekeersmaecker A, Salembier G, Spitz B (2002) Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis. BJOG 109(1):34\u201343","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"3416_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donders G, Bellen G, Grinceviciene S, Ruban K, Vieira-Baptista P (2017) Aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger. Res Microbiol 168(9-10):845\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.04.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-014-3525-9","volume":"291","author":"C Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han C, Wu W, Fan A, Wang Y, Zhang H, Chu Z, Wang C, Xue F (2015) Diagnostic and therapeutic advancements for aerobic vaginitis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 291(2):251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-014-3525-9","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"9344","key":"3416_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11476-0","volume":"360","author":"MM Slattery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Slattery MM, Morrison JJ (2002) Preterm delivery. Lancet 360(9344):1489\u20131497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11476-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00275-2","volume":"4","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Cousens S, Jassir FB, Say L, Chou D, Mathers C, Hogan D, Shiekh S, Qureshi ZU, You D, Lawn JE (2016) National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2015, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health 4(2):e98\u2013e108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00275-2","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"3416_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015) International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 10th revision, Fifth edition, 2016. World Health Organization. http:\/\/www.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/246208"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002455","volume":"131","author":"ACOG","year":"2018","unstructured":"ACOG (2018) ACOG practice bulletin no. 188: prelabor rupture of membranes. Obstet Gynecol 131(1):e1\u2013e14 10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002455","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2224-4336.2013.04.02","volume":"2","author":"ZL Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen ZL, Liu J (2013) Interpretation of the Experts\u2019 Consensus on the criteria for the diagnosis and grading of neonatal asphyxia in China. Transl Pediatr 2(2):59\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2224-4336.2013.04.02","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.297-301.1991","volume":"29","author":"RP Nugent","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL (1991) Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 29(2):297\u2013301","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"RR-03","key":"3416_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bolan GA (2015) Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep 64(RR-03):1\u2013137","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"3416_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.04.004","volume":"27","author":"G Reid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reid G (2016) Cervicovaginal microbiomes-threats and possibilities. Trends Endocrinol Metab 27(7):446\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2016.04.004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"3416_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kovachev S (2018) Defence factors of vaginal lactobacilli. Crit Rev Microbiol 44(1):31\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1306688","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2017.1306688"},{"key":"3416_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geng N, Wu W, Fan A, Han C, Wang C, Wang Y, Xue F (2016) Analysis of the risk factors for aerobic vaginitis: a case-control study. Gynecol Obstet Investig 81(2):148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000431286","DOI":"10.1159\/000431286"},{"issue":"1083","key":"3416_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133328","volume":"92","author":"JR Hollingshead","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hollingshead JR, Phillips RK (2016) Haemorrhoids: modern diagnosis and treatment. Postgrad Med J 92(1083):4\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2015-133328","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"9862","key":"3416_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61956-4","volume":"381","author":"JE Norman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Norman JE, Shennan AH (2013) Prevention of preterm birth--why can\u2019t we do any better? Lancet 381(9862):184\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61956-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9934","key":"3416_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60989-2","volume":"383","author":"L Duley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duley L, Uhm S, Oliver S (2014) Top 15 UK research priorities for preterm birth. Lancet 383(9934):2041\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60989-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e186","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30334-5","volume":"5","author":"C He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He C, Liu L, Chu Y, Perin J, Dai L, Li X, Miao L, Kang L, Li Q, Scherpbier R, Guo S, Rudan I, Song P, Chan KY, Guo Y, Black RE, Wang Y, Zhu J (2017) National and subnational all-cause and cause-specific child mortality in China, 1996-2015: a systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. Lancet Glob Health 5(2):e186\u2013e197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30334-5","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"20","key":"3416_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","volume":"342","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Andrews WW (2000) Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery. N Engl J Med 342(20):1500\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200005183422007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3416_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x","volume":"116","author":"GG Donders","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donders GG, Van Calsteren K, Bellen G, Reybrouck R, Van den Bosch T, Riphagen I, Van Lierde S (2009) Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy. BJOG 116(10):1315\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02237.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"3416_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donders GG, Van Calsteren C, Bellen G, Reybrouck R, Van den Bosch T, Riphagen I, Van Lierde S (2010) Association between abnormal vaginal flora and cervical length as risk factors for preterm birth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/uog.7568","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7568"},{"issue":"10","key":"3416_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03020.x","volume":"118","author":"G Donders","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donders G, Bellen G, Rezeberga D (2011) Aerobic vaginitis in pregnancy. BJOG 118(10):1163\u20131170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03020.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"2","key":"3416_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2571-4","volume":"287","author":"A Fan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fan A, Yue Y, Geng N, Zhang H, Wang Y, Xue F (2013) Aerobic vaginitis and mixed infections: comparison of clinical and laboratory findings. Arch Gynecol Obstet 287(2):329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-012-2571-4","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"3416_CR24","first-page":"589","volume":"66","author":"SG Vitale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vitale SG, Marilli I, Rapisarda AM, Rossetti D, Belluomo G, Iapichino V, Stancanelli F, Cianci A (2014) Cellular and biochemical mechanisms, risk factors and management of preterm birth: state of the art. Minerva Ginecol 66(6):589\u2013595","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12296","volume":"93","author":"LK Hansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hansen LK, Becher N, Bastholm S, Glavind J, Ramsing M, Kim CJ, Romero R, Jensen JS, Uldbjerg N (2014) The cervical mucus plug inhibits, but does not block, the passage of ascending bacteria from the vagina during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 93(1):102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.12296","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"3416_CR26","first-page":"516","volume":"101","author":"RF Lamont","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lamont RF, Duncan SL, Mandal D, Bassett P (2003) Intravaginal clindamycin to reduce preterm birth in women with abnormal genital tract flora. Obstet Gynecol 101(3):516\u2013522","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9362","key":"3416_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12823-1","volume":"361","author":"A Ugwumadu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ugwumadu A, Manyonda I, Reid F, Hay P (2003) Effect of early oral clindamycin on late miscarriage and preterm delivery in asymptomatic women with abnormal vaginal flora and bacterial vaginosis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361(9362):983\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12823-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.12.013","volume":"24","author":"G Tempera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tempera G, Bonfiglio G, Cammarata E, Corsello S, Cianci A (2004) Microbiological\/clinical characteristics and validation of topical therapy with kanamycin in aerobic vaginitis: a pilot study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 24(1):85\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2003.12.013","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"3416_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2006.18.4.409","volume":"18","author":"G Tempera","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tempera G, Abbadessa G, Bonfiglio G, Cammarata E, Cianci A, Corsello S, Raimondi A, Ettore G, Nicolosi D, Furneri PM (2006) Topical kanamycin: an effective therapeutic option in aerobic vaginitis. J Chemother 18(4):409\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/joc.2006.18.4.409","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2513-8","volume":"35","author":"C Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang C, Han C, Geng N, Fan A, Wang Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Xue F (2016) Efficacy of oral moxifloxacin for aerobic vaginitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35(1):95\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-015-2513-8","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3416_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heczko PB, Tomusiak A, Adamski P, Jakimiuk AJ, Stefanski G, Mikolajczyk-Cichonska A, Suda-Szczurek M, Strus M (2015) Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 15(115). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-015-0246-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0246-6"},{"key":"3416_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5345","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S89214","volume":"9","author":"A Tomusiak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tomusiak A, Strus M, Heczko PB, Adamski P, Stefanski G, Mikolajczyk-Cichonska A, Suda-Szczurek M (2015) Efficacy and safety of a vaginal medicinal product containing three strains of probiotic bacteria: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Drug Des Devel Ther 9:5345\u20135354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S89214","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"3416_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4771-z","volume":"298","author":"R Russo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Russo R, Edu A, De Seta F (2018) Study on the effects of an oral lactobacilli and lactoferrin complex in women with intermediate vaginal microbiota. Arch Gynecol Obstet 298(1):139\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-018-4771-z","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,15]],"date-time":"2020-11-15T19:04:33Z","timestamp":1605467073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-018-3416-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to \u201cEuropean Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases\u201d. The study was reviewed and approved by the ethical committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, and the participants were enrolled into the study after obtaining their written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}