{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:03:44Z","timestamp":1775016224438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Department of Health and Ageing","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T07:02:31Z","timestamp":1575442951000},"page":"657-664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Incidence of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia among ICU patients: decontamination studies as a natural experiment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5885-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C","family":"Hurley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"3763_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2307\/30141785","volume":"19","author":"JD Thylefors","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thylefors JD, Harbarth S, Pittet D (1998) Increasing bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci: fiction or reality? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 19(8):581\u2013589","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3763_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000045026.81584.6F","volume":"31","author":"S Hugonnet","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Ferriere K, Ricou B, Suter P, Pittet D (2003) Bacteremic sepsis in intensive care: temporal trends in incidence, organ dysfunction, and prognosis. Crit Care Med 31(2):390\u2013394","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3763_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430110089009","volume":"155","author":"D Pittet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pittet D, Wenzel RP (1995) Nosocomial bloodstream infections: secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths. Arch Intern Med 155(11):1177\u20131184","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3763_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1607-9","volume":"31","author":"M Rahkonen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rahkonen M, Luttinen S, Koskela M, Hautala T (2012) True bacteremias caused by coagulase negative Staphylococcus are difficult to distinguish from blood culture contaminants. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(10):2639\u20132644","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3763_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1270-6","volume":"31","author":"M Widerstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","unstructured":"Widerstr\u00f6m M, Wistr\u00f6m J, Sj\u00f6stedt A, Monsen T (2012) Coagulase-negative staphylococci: update on the molecular epidemiology and clinical presentation, with a focus on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31(1):7\u201320","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3763_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1086\/502605","volume":"26","author":"B Favre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Favre B, Hugonnet S, Correa S, Sax H, Rohner P, Pittet D (2005) Nosocomial bacteremia: clinical significance of a single blood culture positive for coagulase-negative staphylococci. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 26:697\u2013702","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3763_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-015-2364-3","volume":"34","author":"SY Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park SY, Kwon KH, Chung JW, Huh HJ, Chae SL (2015) Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia: risk factors for mortality and impact of initial appropriate antimicrobial therapy on outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 34(7):1395\u20131401","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3763_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-1-9","volume":"110","author":"MA Martin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Martin MA, Pfaller MA, Wenzel RP (1989) Coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia: mortality and hospital stay. Ann Intern Med 110(1):9\u201316","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3763_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.03.002","volume":"36","author":"TC Horan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA (2008) CDC\/NHSN surveillance definition of health care\u2013associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Control 36(5):309\u2013332","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"3763_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv396","volume":"71","author":"AK Van der Bij","year":"2015","unstructured":"Van der Bij AK, Frentz D, Bonten MJ, Stuart JC, van Hees BC, Vijfhuizen J, Wintermans RG, der Kuil WA, Alblas J, van der Bij AK, ISIS-AR Study Group (2015) Gram-positive cocci in Dutch ICUs with and without selective decontamination of the oropharyngeal and digestive tract: a retrospective database analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 71:816\u2013820","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3763_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/34.4.529","volume":"34","author":"GL Saunders","year":"1994","unstructured":"Saunders GL, Hammond JM, Potgieter PD, Plumb HA, Forder AA (1994) Microbiological surveillance during selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD). J Antimicrob Chemother 34:529\u2013544","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3763_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.4.941","volume":"39","author":"JC Hurley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hurley JC (1995) Prophylaxis with enteral antibiotics in ventilated patients: selective decontamination or selective cross-infection? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 39:941\u2013947","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"3763_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.359","volume":"174","author":"M Klompas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klompas M, Speck K, Howell MD, Greene LR, Berenholtz SM (2014) Reappraisal of routine oral care with chlorhexidine gluconate for patients receiving mechanical ventilation: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 174:751\u2013761","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"3763_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.10.014","volume":"65","author":"L Silvestri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silvestri L, Van Saene HK, Milanese M, Gregori D, Gullo A (2007) Selective decontamination of the digestive tract reduces bacterial bloodstream infection and mortality in critically ill patients. Systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. J Hosp Infect 65:187\u2013203","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"3763_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2016.11.005","volume":"31","author":"L Silvestri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silvestri L, Weir WI, Gregori D, Taylor N, Zandstra DF, van Saene JJ, van Saene HK (2017) Impact of oral chlorhexidine on bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 31(6):2236\u20132244","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"3763_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0714-x","volume":"14","author":"JC Hurley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2014) Topical antibiotics as a major contextual hazard toward bacteremia within selective digestive decontamination studies: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 14:1","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"3763_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2019) Studies of Selective digestive decontamination as a natural experiment to evaluate topical antibiotic prophylaxis and cephalosporin use as population-level risk factors for enterococcal bacteremia among ICU patients J Antimicrob Chemother (in press)","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz300"},{"key":"3763_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2019) How the cluster randomized trial \u2018works\u2019. Clin Infect Dis (in press)","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz554"},{"key":"3763_CR19","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"CM Vandenbroucke-Grauls","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM (2014) Antimicrobial resistance in the Netherlands: a natural experiment? Frontiers in Pub Health 2:5","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pub Health"},{"key":"3763_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9406","volume":"15","author":"JC Hurley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2011) Paradoxical ventilator associated pneumonia incidences among selective digestive decontamination studies versus other studies of mechanically ventilated patients. Benchmarking systematic review data. Crit Care 15:R7","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"3763_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy256","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy256","volume":"5","author":"JC Hurley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2018) Unusually high incidences of Pseudomonas bacteremias within topical polymyxin based decolonization studies of mechanically ventilated patients: benchmarking the literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 5:ofy256","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"3763_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms6010002","volume":"6","author":"JC Hurley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2018) Unusually high incidences of Staphylococcus aureus infection within studies of ventilator associated pneumonia prevention using topical antibiotics: benchmarking the evidence base. Microorganisms 6:2","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"3763_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800394","volume":"360","author":"AM De Smet","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Smet AM, Kluytmans JA, Cooper BS, Mascini EM, Benus RF, Van der Werf TS, Van der Hoeven JG, Pickkers P, Bogaers-Hofman D, Van Der Meer NJ, Bernards AT (2009) Decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in ICU patients. N Engl J Med 360:20\u201331","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3763_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7247","volume":"312","author":"EA Oostdijk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oostdijk EA, Kesecioglu J, Schultz MJ, Visser CE, De Jonge E, van Essen EH, Bernards AT, Purmer I, Brimicombe R, Bergmans D, van Tiel F (2017) Notice of retraction and replacement: Effects of decontamination of the oropharynx and intestinal tract on antibiotic resistance in ICUs: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312:1429\u20131437","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3763_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1086\/502463","volume":"25","author":"F Daxboeck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Daxboeck F, Rabitsch W, Blacky A, Stadler M, Kyrle PA, Hirschl AM, Koller W (2004) Influence of selective bowel decontamination on the organisms recovered during bacteremia in neutropenic patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:685\u2013689","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"3763_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/34.1.139","volume":"34","author":"GW Tetteroo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tetteroo GW, Wagenvoort JH, Bruining HA (1994) Bacteriology of selective decontamination: efficacy and rebound colonization. J Antimicrob Chemother 34:139\u2013148","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"3763_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky573","volume":"74","author":"JC Hurley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hurley JC (2019) Is selective decontamination (SDD\/SOD) safe in the ICU context? J Antimicrob Chemother 74:1167\u20131172","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:43:01Z","timestamp":1606956181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-019-03763-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}