{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T14:13:15Z","timestamp":1777644795551,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Malaysian Ministry of Education, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence","award":["Grant No. 311\/CIPPM\/4401005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 311\/CIPPM\/4401005"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Malaysian Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FRGS Grant No. 203\/CIPPM\/6711636"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS Grant No. 203\/CIPPM\/6711636"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T09:03:51Z","timestamp":1596013431000},"page":"27-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Direct detection of Strongyloides infection via molecular and antigen detection methods"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Balachandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussain","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norsyahida","family":"Arifin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahmah","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2214","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002214","volume":"7","author":"Z Bisoffi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bisoffi Z, Buonfrate D, Montresor A, Requena-M\u00e9ndez A, Munoz J, Krolewiecki AJ et al (2013) Strongyloides stercoralis: a plea for action. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(5):e2214","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3949_CR2","first-page":"55","volume":"3","author":"MJ Taylor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taylor MJ, Garrard TA, O\u2019Donahoo FJ, Ross KE (2014) Human strongyloidiasis: identifying knowledge gaps, with emphasis on environmental control. Res Rep Trop Med 3:55\u201363","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.10.006","volume":"33","author":"A Krolewiecki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krolewiecki A, Nutman TB (2019) Strongyloidiasis: a neglected tropical disease. Infect Dis Clin 33(1):135\u2013151","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.1.208-217.2004","volume":"17","author":"PB Keiser","year":"2004","unstructured":"Keiser PB, Nutman TB (2004) Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clin Microbiol Rev 17(1):208\u2013217","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3949_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a015487","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a015487","volume":"3","author":"C Hartono","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hartono C, Muthukumar T, Suthanthiran M (2013) Immunosuppressive drug therapy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 3(9):a015487","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.5.4.345","volume":"5","author":"RM Genta","year":"1992","unstructured":"Genta RM (1992) Dysregulation of strongyloidiasis: a new hypothesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 5(4):345\u2013355","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"3949_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.05.021","volume":"101","author":"K Ghosh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ghosh K, Ghosh K (2007) Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following steroid therapy for eosinophilia: report of three cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101(11):1163\u20131165","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3949_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0082","volume":"101","author":"R Blaizot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blaizot R, Simon S, Brottier J, Blanchet D, Brousse P, Boukhari R et al (2019) Utility of PCR in patients with Strongyloides stercoralis and HTLV-1 Coinfection in French Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101:848\u2013850","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR9","first-page":"264","volume":"4","author":"R Speare","year":"2004","unstructured":"Speare R, Durrheim D (2004) Strongyloides serology\u2013useful for diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in rural indigenous populations, but important gaps in knowledge remain. Rural Remote Health 4(4):264","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3949_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0602-z","volume":"101","author":"RM Rodrigues","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodrigues RM, de Oliveira MC, Sopelete MC, Silva DA, Campos DM, Taketomi EA et al (2007) IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibody responses in human strongyloidiasis by ELISA using Strongyloides ratti saline extract as heterologous antigen. Parasitol Res 101(5):1209\u20131214","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3949_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.788","volume":"80","author":"B-A Biggs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biggs B-A, Caruana S, Mihrshahi S, Jolley D, Leydon J, Chea L et al (2009) Management of chronic strongyloidiasis in immigrants and refugees: is serologic testing useful? Am J Trop Med Hyg 80(5):788\u2013791","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004380","volume":"10","author":"S Llewellyn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Llewellyn S, Inpankaew T, Nery SV, Gray DJ, Verweij JJ, Clements AC et al (2016) Application of a multiplex quantitative PCR to assess prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasite infections in a controlled clinical trial. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(1):e0004380","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3949_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.12.014","volume":"167","author":"RN Incani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Incani RN, Ferrer E, Hoek D, Ramak R, Roelfsema J, Mughini-Gras L et al (2017) Diagnosis of intestinal parasites in a rural community of Venezuela: advantages and disadvantages of using microscopy or RT-PCR. Acta Trop 167:64\u201370","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1071\/MA16003","volume":"37","author":"MR Watts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Watts MR, Robertson G, Bradbury RS (2016) The laboratory diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis. Microbiol Aust 37(1):4\u20139","journal-title":"Microbiol Aust"},{"key":"3949_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.07.019","volume":"150","author":"SL Becker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Becker SL, Piraisoody N, Kramme S, Marti H, Silu\u00e9 KD, Panning M et al (2015) Real-time PCR for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in human stool samples from C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire: diagnostic accuracy, inter-laboratory comparison and patterns of hookworm co-infection. Acta Trop 150:210\u2013217","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"10","key":"3949_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6021-5","volume":"117","author":"H Kristanti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kristanti H, Meyanti F, Wijayanti MA, Mahendradhata Y, Polman K, Chappuis F et al (2018) Diagnostic comparison of Baermann funnel, Koga agar plate culture and polymerase chain reaction for detection of human Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Maluku, Indonesia. Parasitol Res 117(10):3229\u20133235","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0583","volume":"90","author":"MR Watts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watts MR, James G, Sultana Y, Ginn AN, Outhred AC, Kong F et al (2014) A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for Strongyloides stercoralis in stool that uses a visual detection method with SYTO-82 fluorescent dye. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90(2):306\u2013311","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3949_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00568-4","volume":"101","author":"DS Zarlenga","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zarlenga DS, Higgins J (2001) PCR as a diagnostic and quantitative technique in veterinary parasitology. Vet Parasitol 101(3\u20134):215\u2013230","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.12.002","volume":"136","author":"RB Gasser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gasser RB (2006) Molecular tools\u2014advances, opportunities and prospects. Vet Parasitol 136(2):69\u201389","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01941","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01941-17","volume":"56","author":"B Barda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barda B, Wampfler R, Sayasone S, Phongluxa K, Xayavong S, Keoduangsy K et al (2018) Evaluation of two DNA extraction methods for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Clin Microbiol 56(4):e01941\u2013e01917","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR21","first-page":"333","volume":"65","author":"Z Fakhrieh-Kashan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fakhrieh-Kashan Z, Zahabiun F, Sharifdini M, Fotouhi-Ardakani R, Kia E (2019) Critical diagnosis of complicated strongyloidosis with nested-PCR and high resolution melting analysis (HRM). Ann Parasitol 65(4):333\u20139-\u20139","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030152","volume":"8","author":"V Sanprasert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanprasert V, Kerdkaew R, Srirungruang S, Charuchaibovorn S, Phadungsaksawasdi K, Nuchprayoon S (2019) Development of conventional multiplex PCR: a rapid technique for simultaneous detection of soil-transmitted helminths. Pathogens 8(3):152","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05049-x","volume":"7","author":"E Nagayasu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagayasu E, Htwe MPPTH, Hortiwakul T, Hino A, Tanaka T, Higashiarakawa M et al (2017) A possible origin population of pathogenic intestinal nematodes, Strongyloides stercoralis, unveiled by molecular phylogeny. Sci Rep 7(1):4844","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.56.61","volume":"56","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ramachandran S, Gam AA, Neva FA (1997) Molecular differences between several species of Strongyloides and comparison of selected isolates of S. stercoralis using a polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Am J Trop Med Hyg 56(1):61\u201365","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3949_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2170-2","volume-title":"Modern clinical molecular techniques","author":"P Hu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu P, Hegde M, Lennon PA (2012) Modern clinical molecular techniques. Springer Science & Business Media, New York"},{"issue":"11","key":"3949_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01709-12","volume":"50","author":"SY Tong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tong SY, Giffard PM (2012) Microbiological applications of high-resolution melting analysis. J Clin Microbiol 50(11):3418\u20133421","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.03.012","volume":"85","author":"M Erali","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erali M, Voelkerding KV, Wittwer CT (2008) High resolution melting applications for clinical laboratory medicine. Exp Mol Pathol 85(1):50\u201358","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-013-0590-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Mori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T (2013) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): recent progress in research and development. J Infect Chemother 19(3):404\u2013411","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"24","key":"3949_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9484","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0715468","volume":"79","author":"N Nakamura","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nakamura N, Ito K, Takahashi M, Hashimoto K, Kawamoto M, Yamanaka M et al (2007) Detection of six single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with rheumatoid arthritis by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method and an electrochemical DNA chip. Anal Chem 79(24):9484\u20139493","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"3949_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004836","volume":"10","author":"P Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto P, S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez A, Gandasegui J, Santos CB, L\u00f3pez-Ab\u00e1n J, Saugar JM et al (2016) Strong-LAMP: a LAMP assay for Strongyloides spp. detection in stool and urine samples. Towards the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis starting from a rodent model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(7):e0004836","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3949_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts MR, Kim R, Ahuja V, Robertson GJ, Sultana Y, Wehrhahn M et al (2019) Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of Strongyloides in different specimen matrices. J Clin Microbiol 57(4):e01173\u201301118","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01173-18"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006229","volume":"12","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buonfrate D, Requena-Mendez A, Angheben A, Cinquini M, Cruciani M, Fittipaldo A et al (2018) Accuracy of molecular biology techniques for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(2):e0006229","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3949_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paula FMD, Malta FDM, Marques PD, Sitta RB, Pinho JRR, Gryschek RCB et al (2015) Molecular diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in tropical areas: a comparison of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction with parasitological methods. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110(2):272\u2013274","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760140371"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0309","volume":"93","author":"M Sharifdini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharifdini M, Mirhendi H, Ashrafi K, Hosseini M, Mohebali M, Khodadadi H et al (2015) Comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and real-time polymerase chain reaction with parasitological methods for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in human fecal samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 93(6):1285\u20131291","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1912-8","volume":"9","author":"A Amor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amor A, Rodriguez E, Saugar JM, Arroyo A, L\u00f3pez-Quintana B, Abera B et al (2016) High prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in school-aged children in a rural highland of North-Western Ethiopia: the role of intensive diagnostic work-up. Parasit Vectors 9(1):617","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002559","volume":"144","author":"D Buonfrate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buonfrate D, Perandin F, Formenti F, Bisoffi Z (2017) A retrospective study comparing agar plate culture, indirect immunofluorescence and real-time PCR for the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Parasitology 144(6):812\u2013816","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005310","volume":"11","author":"L Meurs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meurs L, Polderman AM, Melchers NVV, Brienen EA, Verweij JJ, Groosjohan B et al (2017) Diagnosing polyparasitism in a high-prevalence setting in Beira, Mozambique: detection of intestinal parasites in fecal samples by microscopy and real-time PCR. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(1):e0005310","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"3949_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.07.014","volume":"163","author":"N Lodh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lodh N, Caro R, Sofer S, Scott A, Krolewiecki A, Shiff C (2016) Diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis: detection of parasite-derived DNA in urine. Acta Trop 163:9\u201313","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3949_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.10.013","volume":"110","author":"S Mas-Coma","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mas-Coma S, Bargues M (2009) Populations, hybrids and the systematic concepts of species and subspecies in Chagas disease triatomine vectors inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Acta Trop 110(2\u20133):112\u2013136","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"11","key":"3949_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182011001284","volume":"138","author":"E Labes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Labes E, Wijayanti N, Deplazes P, Mathis A (2011) Genetic characterization of Strongyloides spp. from captive, semi-captive and wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Central and East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Parasitology 138(11):1417\u20131422","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3949_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5052-z","volume":"115","author":"S Laymanivong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laymanivong S, Hangvanthong B, Insisiengmay B, Vanisaveth V, Laxachack P, Jongthawin J et al (2016) First molecular identification and report of genetic diversity of Strongyloides stercoralis, a current major soil-transmitted helminth in humans from Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic. Parasitol Res 115(8):2973\u20132980","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"3949_CR42","first-page":"199","volume":"39","author":"A Terashima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Terashima A, Canales M, Tello R, Mas-Coma S, Esteban G, Bargues M et al (2000) Strongyloides fuelleborni: reporte del primer caso cl\u00ednico en el Per\u00fa. Diagn\u00f3stico 39:199\u2013203","journal-title":"Diagn\u00f3stico"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3776-1","volume":"12","author":"N Van De","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van De N, Minh PN, Mas-Coma S (2019) Strongyloidiasis in northern Vietnam: epidemiology, clinical characteristics and molecular diagnosis of the causal agent. Parasit Vectors 12(1):515","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.12.001","volume":"103","author":"JJ Verweij","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verweij JJ, Canales M, Polman K, Ziem J, Brienen EA, Polderman AM et al (2009) Molecular diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis in faecal samples using real-time PCR. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103(4):342\u2013346","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3949_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.12.001","volume":"190","author":"F Formenti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Formenti F, La Marca G, Perandin F, Pajola B, Romano M, Santucci B et al (2019) A diagnostic study comparing conventional and real-time PCR for Strongyloides stercoralis on urine and on faecal samples. Acta Trop 190:284\u2013287","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-6173-3","volume":"118","author":"W Basso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basso W, Grandt L-M, Magnenat A-L, Gottstein B, Campos M (2019) Strongyloides stercoralis infection in imported and local dogs in Switzerland: from clinics to molecular genetics. Parasitol Res 118(1):255\u2013266","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3949_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5985-5","volume":"117","author":"T Gorgani-Firouzjaee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Kalantari N, Javanian M, Ghaffari S (2018) Strongyloides stercoralis: detection of parasite-derived DNA in serum samples obtained from immunosuppressed patients. Parasitol Res 117(9):2927\u20132932","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3949_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.01.006","volume":"32","author":"KG Weerakoon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weerakoon KG, McManus DP (2016) Cell-free DNA as a diagnostic tool for human parasitic infections. Trends Parasitol 32(5):378\u2013391","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-018-0340-1","volume":"22","author":"LR Bosqui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bosqui LR, Marques PD, de Melo GB, Maria do Ros\u00e1rio F, Malta FM, Pavanelli WR et al (2018) Molecular and immnune diagnosis: further testing for human strongyloidiasis. Mol Diagn Ther 22(4):485\u2013491","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"3949_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000945","volume":"146","author":"HM Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Mekhlafi HM, Nasr NA, Lim YA, Elyana FN, Sady H, Atroosh WM et al (2019) Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia. Parasitology 146(12):1602\u20131614","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3949_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3450-z","volume":"112","author":"AF Ahmad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmad AF, Hadip F, Ngui R, Lim YA, Mahmud R (2013) Serological and molecular detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among an Orang Asli community in Malaysia. Parasitol Res 112(8):2811\u20132816","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.261271","volume":"12","author":"N Sahimin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sahimin N, Lim YA, Noordin R, Yunus MH, Arifin N, Behnke JM et al (2019) Epidemiology and immunodiagnostics of Strongyloides stercoralis infections among migrant workers in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Trop Med 12(6):250","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0268","volume":"90","author":"S Knopp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knopp S, Salim N, Schindler T, Karagiannis Voules DA, Rothen J, Lweno O et al (2014) Diagnostic accuracy of Kato-Katz, FLOTAC, Baermann, and PCR methods for the detection of light-intensity hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90(3):535\u2013545","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0461","volume":"84","author":"M Taniuchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Taniuchi M, Verweij JJ, Noor Z, Sobuz SU, van Lieshout L, Petri WA Jr et al (2011) High throughput multiplex PCR and probe-based detection with Luminex beads for seven intestinal parasites. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84(2):332\u2013337","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0499","volume":"84","author":"M Basuni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basuni M, Muhi J, Othman N, Verweij JJ, Ahmad M, Miswan N et al (2011) A pentaplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of four species of soil-transmitted helminths. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84(2):338\u2013343","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0726","volume":"88","author":"R Mejia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mejia R, Vicu\u00f1a Y, Broncano N, Sandoval C, Vaca M, Chico M et al (2013) A novel, multi-parallel, real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for eight gastrointestinal parasites provides improved diagnostic capabilities to resource-limited at-risk populations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88(6):1041\u20131047","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3949_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2014088","volume":"55","author":"AM Zueter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zueter AM, Mohamed Z, Abdullah AD, Mohamad N, Arifin N, Othman N et al (2014) Detection of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among cancer patients in a major hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia. Singap Med J 55(7):367","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0437","volume":"88","author":"Y Sultana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sultana Y, Jeoffreys N, Watts MR, Gilbert GL, Lee R (2013) Real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88(6):1048\u20131051","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0055-2018","volume":"51","author":"LF Campo-Polanco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campo-Polanco LF, Sarmiento JMH, Mesa MA, Franco CJV, L\u00f3pez L, Botero LE et al (2018) Strongyloidiasis in humans: diagnostic efficacy of four conventional methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 51(4):493\u2013502","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"13","key":"3949_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182018001361","volume":"145","author":"LJ Cunningham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cunningham LJ, Stothard JR, Osei-Atweneboana M, Armoo S, Verweij JJ, Adams ER (2018) Developing a real-time PCR assay based on multiplex high-resolution melt-curve analysis: a pilot study in detection and discrimination of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome species. Parasitology 145(13):1733\u20131738","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006550","volume":"12","author":"AJ Krolewiecki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krolewiecki AJ, Koukounari A, Romano M, Caro NN, Scott AL, Fleitas P et al (2018) Transrenal DNA-based diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis (Grassi, 1879) infection: Bayesian latent class modeling of test accuracy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12(6):e0006550","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"3949_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1575978","volume":"51","author":"M Javanian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Javanian M, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, Kalantrai N (2019) Comparison of ELISA and PCR of the 18S rRNA gene for detection of human strongyloidiasis using serum sample. Infect Dis Ther 51(5):360\u2013367","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2013.02.003","volume":"126","author":"SA Repetto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Repetto SA, Alba Soto CD, Cazorla SI, Tayeldin ML, Cuello S, Lasala MB et al (2013) An improved DNA isolation technique for PCR detection of Strongyloides stercoralis in stool samples. Acta Trop 126(2):110\u2013114","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3949_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.05.051","volume":"363","author":"S Bretagne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bretagne S, Costa JM (2006) Towards a nucleic acid-based diagnosis in clinical parasitology and mycology. Clin Chim Acta 363(1\u20132):221\u2013228","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"3949_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2014.03.015","volume":"135","author":"MA Levenhagen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levenhagen MA, Costa-Cruz JM (2014) Update on immunologic and molecular diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Acta Trop 135:33\u201343","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"3949_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3693-3","volume":"12","author":"M Papaiakovou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papaiakovou M, Wright J, Pilotte N, Chooneea D, Sch\u00e4r F, Truscott JE et al (2019) Pooling as a strategy for the timely diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in stool: value and reproducibility. Parasit Vectors 12:443","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115655","volume":"132","author":"TW Gyorkos","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gyorkos TW, Genta RM, Viens P, Maclean JD (1990) Seroepidemiology of Strongyloides infection in the Southeast Asian refugee population in Canada. Am J Epidemiol 132(2):257\u2013264","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e955","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000955","volume":"5","author":"AM Sykes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sykes AM, McCarthy JS (2011) A coproantigen diagnostic test for Strongyloides infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(2):e955","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR69","first-page":"757","volume":"39","author":"AA El-Badry","year":"2009","unstructured":"El-Badry AA (2009) ELISA-based coproantigen in human strongyloidiaisis: a diagnostic method correlating with worm burden. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 39(3):757\u2013768","journal-title":"J Egypt Soc Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.02.015","volume":"125","author":"ALR Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves ALR, Silva CV, Ueta MT, Costa-Cruz JM (2010) A new faecal antigen detection system for Strongyloides venezuelensis diagnosis in immunosuppressed rats. Exp Parasitol 125(4):338\u2013341","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000076174","volume":"108","author":"C Nageswaran","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nageswaran C, Craig P, Devaney E (1994) Coproantigen detection in rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides ratti. Parasitology 108(3):335\u2013342","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3949_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000054","volume":"139","author":"A Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves A, Nunes D, Gon\u00e7alves-Pires M, Ueta M, Costa-Cruz J (2012) Use of larval, parasitic female and egg antigens from Strongyloides venezuelensis to detect parasite-specific IgG and immune complexes in immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Parasitology 139(7):956\u2013961","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR73","first-page":"204","volume":"13","author":"A Mahmuda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahmuda A, Bande F, Abdulhaleem N, Majid RA, Hamat RA, Abdullah WO et al (2018) Investigations for the possible use of a monoclonal antibody produced against Strongyloides ratti antigen as an immunodiagnostic reagent for active Strongyloidiasis. Iran J Parasitol 13(2):204","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"3949_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abduhaleem N, Mamuda A, Mustapha T, Abd Majid R, Lung LTT, Unyah NZ (2019) Evaluation of monoclonal antibody (IgG2bMAb) for detection of coproantigen from experimentally infected rats with Strongyloides ratti. Annu Res Rev Biol 32(2):1\u20139","DOI":"10.9734\/arrb\/2019\/v32i230082"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR75","first-page":"247","volume":"20","author":"P Taweethavonsawat","year":"2002","unstructured":"Taweethavonsawat P, Chaicumpa W, Chaisri U, Chuenbal U, Sakolvaree Y, Tapchaisri P et al (2002) Specific monoclonal antibodies to Strongyloides stercoralis: a potential diagnostic reagent for strongyloidiasis. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 20(4):247","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305834101","volume":"101","author":"R Pasqualini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pasqualini R, Arap W (2004) Hybridoma-free generation of monoclonal antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci 101(1):257\u2013259","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1246-7820(01)00210-5","volume":"9","author":"D Siegel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siegel D (2002) Recombinant monoclonal antibody technology. Transfus Clin Biol 9(1):15\u201322","journal-title":"Transfus Clin Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3949_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1126","volume":"23","author":"HR Hoogenboom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoogenboom HR (2005) Selecting and screening recombinant antibody libraries. Nat Biotechnol 23(9):1105","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3949_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.04.019","volume":"40","author":"J Sepulveda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sepulveda J, Tremblay JM, DeGnore JP, Skelly PJ, Shoemaker CB (2010) Schistosoma mansoni host-exposed surface antigens characterized by sera and recombinant antibodies from schistosomiasis-resistant rats. Int J Parasitol 40(12):1407\u20131417","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3949_CR80","first-page":"59","volume":"156","author":"RV da Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"da Silva RV, Ara\u00fajo TG, Gonzaga HT, Nascimento R, Goulart LR, Costa-Cruz JM (2013) Development of specific scFv antibodies to detect neurocysticercosis antigens and potential applications in immunodiagnosis. Immunol Lett 156(1\u20132):59\u201367","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"3949_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0034","volume":"101","author":"A Rahumatullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rahumatullah A, Lim TS, Yunus MH, Noordin R (2019) Development of an antigen detection ELISA for bancroftian filariasis using BmSXP-specific recombinant monoclonal antibody. Am J Trop Med Hyg 101(2):436\u2013440","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"3949_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10447","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10447","volume":"5","author":"MA Levenhagen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levenhagen MA, Santos FAA, Fujimura PT, Carneiro AP, Costa-Cruz JM, Goulart LR (2015) Structural and functional characterization of a novel scFv anti-HSP60 of Strongyloides sp. Sci Rep 5:10447","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3949_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Miguel CB, Levenhagen MA, Costa-Cruz JM, Goulart LR, Alves PT, Ueira-Vieira C et al (2020) scFv against HSP60 of Strongyloides sp. and its application in the evaluation of parasite frequency in the elderly. Dis Markers 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/4086929","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4086929"},{"issue":"1","key":"3949_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(02)00214-1","volume":"125","author":"V Ravi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ravi V, Ramachandran S, Thompson RW, Andersen JF, Neva FA (2002) Characterization of a recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen (NIE) from Strongyloides stercoralis L3-stage larvae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 125(1):73\u201381","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1086\/589718","volume":"198","author":"R Ramanathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramanathan R, Burbelo PD, Groot S, Iadarola MJ, Neva FA, Nutman TB (2008) A luciferase immunoprecipitation systems assay enhances the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. J Infect Dis 198(3):444\u2013451","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3949_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00259-10","volume":"17","author":"AJ Krolewiecki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krolewiecki AJ, Ramanathan R, Fink V, McAuliffe I, Cajal SP, Won K et al (2010) Improved diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis using recombinant antigen-based serologies in a community-wide study in northern Argentina. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17(10):1624\u20131630","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0697","volume":"98","author":"N Arifin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arifin N, Yunus MH, Nolan JT, Lok BJ, Noordin R (2018) Identification and preliminary evaluation of novel recombinant protein for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98(4):1165\u20131170","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"6","key":"3949_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz006","volume":"113","author":"L Masoori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Masoori L, Falak R, Mokhtarian K, Bandehpour M, Razmjou E, Jalallou N et al (2019) Production of recombinant 14-3-3 protein and determination of its immunogenicity for application in serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 113(6):326\u2013331","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"3949_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.04.028","volume":"25","author":"S Mom\u010dilovi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mom\u010dilovi\u0107 S, Cantacessi C, Arsi\u0107-Arsenijevi\u0107 V, Otranto D, Tasi\u0107-Ota\u0161evi\u0107 S (2019) Rapid diagnosis of parasitic diseases: current scenario and future needs. Clin Microbiol Infect 25(3):290\u2013309","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"3949_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0215068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215068","volume":"14","author":"S Paulos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paulos S, Saugar JM, de Lucio A, Fuentes I, Mateo M, Carmena D (2019) Comparative performance evaluation of four commercial multiplex real-time PCR assays for the detection of the diarrhoea-causing protozoa Cryptosporidium hominis\/parvum, Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS One 14(4):e0215068","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T23:50:30Z","timestamp":1627516230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03949-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}